Extinction order and altered community structure
... were extremely low (T.H. Larsen, unpublished data). Species collected at only one site were omitted from the analysis because it is likely that they were not widely distributed across the original unfragmented landscape. Bee abundance and diversity were assessed in watermelon patches along 50 m tran ...
... were extremely low (T.H. Larsen, unpublished data). Species collected at only one site were omitted from the analysis because it is likely that they were not widely distributed across the original unfragmented landscape. Bee abundance and diversity were assessed in watermelon patches along 50 m tran ...
Desirable mathematical properties of indicators for biodiversity change
... species and species groups in a system differently (van Turnhout et al., 2007). Thus, it is essential to interact with stakeholders in the development of a biodiversity indicator to ensure that indicators are ecologically and policy relevant, user driven and easily understood (Green et al., 2005; Gr ...
... species and species groups in a system differently (van Turnhout et al., 2007). Thus, it is essential to interact with stakeholders in the development of a biodiversity indicator to ensure that indicators are ecologically and policy relevant, user driven and easily understood (Green et al., 2005; Gr ...
Power, M.E., D. Tilman, J.A. Estes, B.A. Menge, W.J. Bond, L.S. Mills
... collective impact (vertical position required for keystone status) and factors by which keystone effects should exceed a species' proportional abundance (distance above the line X = Y required for keystone status) may vary with the community trait (e.g., species richness, biomass of other species or ...
... collective impact (vertical position required for keystone status) and factors by which keystone effects should exceed a species' proportional abundance (distance above the line X = Y required for keystone status) may vary with the community trait (e.g., species richness, biomass of other species or ...
The emergence of systematicity in minimally cognitive agents
... be a strong connection between movement and cognition. Thus, Patricia Churchland represents the traditional view of plant intelligence as follows: If you root yourself in the ground, you can afford to be stupid. But if you move, you must have mechanisms for moving, and mechanisms to ensure that the ...
... be a strong connection between movement and cognition. Thus, Patricia Churchland represents the traditional view of plant intelligence as follows: If you root yourself in the ground, you can afford to be stupid. But if you move, you must have mechanisms for moving, and mechanisms to ensure that the ...
Ecotones and Ecological Gradients
... Ecotones are “natural laboratories” for studying a range of evolutionary processes, such as the process by which new species form, also termed speciation. This process is of major interest to evolutionary biologists who define three major types of speciation: allopatric, parapatric, and sympatric. T ...
... Ecotones are “natural laboratories” for studying a range of evolutionary processes, such as the process by which new species form, also termed speciation. This process is of major interest to evolutionary biologists who define three major types of speciation: allopatric, parapatric, and sympatric. T ...
This talk will be about patterns of species diversity
... diversity of the area in which one is sampling multiple α diversities. β diversity is generally thought of as the change in diversity among various α diversities. Historically, and often today, these terms only applied to measures of species richness. β diversity was originally introduced by Whittak ...
... diversity of the area in which one is sampling multiple α diversities. β diversity is generally thought of as the change in diversity among various α diversities. Historically, and often today, these terms only applied to measures of species richness. β diversity was originally introduced by Whittak ...
New Horizons in the Biology
... uncommon amino acids generally require l-5% concentrations for lethal effects (Janzen et uZ., 1977)], but it still holds that a particular compound has not been shown to lack a protective function if it is harmless to one or even many herbivores, or vice versa. A major frontier in the biology of sec ...
... uncommon amino acids generally require l-5% concentrations for lethal effects (Janzen et uZ., 1977)], but it still holds that a particular compound has not been shown to lack a protective function if it is harmless to one or even many herbivores, or vice versa. A major frontier in the biology of sec ...
does local competition increase the coexistence of species in
... FIG. 1. (a, b) Examples of interaction webs and equivalent competitive-outcomes matrices for model communities with 10 species (numbered 1–10). In the interaction webs, thin lines connect species pairs for which the lower-numbered species outcompetes the higher-numbered species, while thick lines (p ...
... FIG. 1. (a, b) Examples of interaction webs and equivalent competitive-outcomes matrices for model communities with 10 species (numbered 1–10). In the interaction webs, thin lines connect species pairs for which the lower-numbered species outcompetes the higher-numbered species, while thick lines (p ...
Human-induced biotic invasions and changes in plankton
... Zooplankton taxa and their life stages were classified by their feeding function into five major groups: nauplii, herbivores, omnivores, small predators and predators. Nauplii are larval ...
... Zooplankton taxa and their life stages were classified by their feeding function into five major groups: nauplii, herbivores, omnivores, small predators and predators. Nauplii are larval ...
Parallel ecological networks in ecosystems
... conservation agenda are: (i) which (types of ) species will be most vulnerable to extinction in the near future, (ii) are ecosystems of high biodiversity (such as tropical forests, coral reefs) under greater threat than those less diverse, (iii) will the loss of some species (e.g. top predators) lea ...
... conservation agenda are: (i) which (types of ) species will be most vulnerable to extinction in the near future, (ii) are ecosystems of high biodiversity (such as tropical forests, coral reefs) under greater threat than those less diverse, (iii) will the loss of some species (e.g. top predators) lea ...
Evolutionary Ecology
... ecology comprises the study of the interactions between organisms and their environment that influence their performance reproductive success and long, lecture 7 evolutionary ecology division of physical - evolutionary ecology mostly considers 1 how interactions among species and between species and ...
... ecology comprises the study of the interactions between organisms and their environment that influence their performance reproductive success and long, lecture 7 evolutionary ecology division of physical - evolutionary ecology mostly considers 1 how interactions among species and between species and ...
Intraguild predation: a widespread interaction related to
... A complete treatment of macroscopic patterns (like IGP frequencies) necessarily requires establishing that the pattern is different from what would be expected by chance alone, and to understand the nature of the small-scale processes involved in their generation (Maurer 1999). Null models appeared ...
... A complete treatment of macroscopic patterns (like IGP frequencies) necessarily requires establishing that the pattern is different from what would be expected by chance alone, and to understand the nature of the small-scale processes involved in their generation (Maurer 1999). Null models appeared ...
Flora and Vegetation
... fragmentation affect the survival of individual populations as well as entire species and, in time, may affect the functioning of entire ecosystems. Some parts of Western Australia have had up to 97 per cent of the native vegetation removed, with the remaining areas in scattered, isolated fragments. ...
... fragmentation affect the survival of individual populations as well as entire species and, in time, may affect the functioning of entire ecosystems. Some parts of Western Australia have had up to 97 per cent of the native vegetation removed, with the remaining areas in scattered, isolated fragments. ...
- Centre for Biodiversity Theory and Modelling
... conservation agenda are: (i) which (types of ) species will be most vulnerable to extinction in the near future, (ii) are ecosystems of high biodiversity (such as tropical forests, coral reefs) under greater threat than those less diverse, (iii) will the loss of some species (e.g. top predators) lea ...
... conservation agenda are: (i) which (types of ) species will be most vulnerable to extinction in the near future, (ii) are ecosystems of high biodiversity (such as tropical forests, coral reefs) under greater threat than those less diverse, (iii) will the loss of some species (e.g. top predators) lea ...
Larsen et al (2005) Ecol Letters pdf
... were extremely low (T.H. Larsen, unpublished data). Species collected at only one site were omitted from the analysis because it is likely that they were not widely distributed across the original unfragmented landscape. Bee abundance and diversity were assessed in watermelon patches along 50 m tran ...
... were extremely low (T.H. Larsen, unpublished data). Species collected at only one site were omitted from the analysis because it is likely that they were not widely distributed across the original unfragmented landscape. Bee abundance and diversity were assessed in watermelon patches along 50 m tran ...
Module 6 Ecological Principles - Members
... A particularly important feature of Arctic ecology is the influence of environmental gradients. The climatic regime has a strong influence on Arctic species and systems and the microclimate that is so important in ecology is strongly influenced by both small and large changes in the shape or topogra ...
... A particularly important feature of Arctic ecology is the influence of environmental gradients. The climatic regime has a strong influence on Arctic species and systems and the microclimate that is so important in ecology is strongly influenced by both small and large changes in the shape or topogra ...
Species interaction mechanisms maintain grassland
... overyielding (Vandermeer 1981, Loreau 2004). Species overyield when interspecific interactions are less detrimental or more favorable than intraspecific interactions. That is, a species overyields when there is less competition or when there are more positive interactions in mixture than in monocultur ...
... overyielding (Vandermeer 1981, Loreau 2004). Species overyield when interspecific interactions are less detrimental or more favorable than intraspecific interactions. That is, a species overyields when there is less competition or when there are more positive interactions in mixture than in monocultur ...
Migratory Animals Couple Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning
... communities and ecosystems, demonstrating that they can uniquely alter energy flow, food-web topology and stability, trophic cascades, and the structure of metacommunities. Given the potential for migration to alter ecological networks worldwide, we suggest an integrative framework through which com ...
... communities and ecosystems, demonstrating that they can uniquely alter energy flow, food-web topology and stability, trophic cascades, and the structure of metacommunities. Given the potential for migration to alter ecological networks worldwide, we suggest an integrative framework through which com ...
Workshop on Kingdom Fungi by Dana Krempels
... Kingdom Fungi is an ostensibly monophyletic assemblage of ecologically important organisms that not only perform the vital function of decomposition, but also engage in a wide variety of symbiotic relationships with other species. Although once thought to be related to plants, fungi are now known to ...
... Kingdom Fungi is an ostensibly monophyletic assemblage of ecologically important organisms that not only perform the vital function of decomposition, but also engage in a wide variety of symbiotic relationships with other species. Although once thought to be related to plants, fungi are now known to ...
Parallel ecological networks in ecosystems Olff, Han
... conservation agenda are: (i) which (types of ) species will be most vulnerable to extinction in the near future, (ii) are ecosystems of high biodiversity (such as tropical forests, coral reefs) under greater threat than those less diverse, (iii) will the loss of some species (e.g. top predators) lea ...
... conservation agenda are: (i) which (types of ) species will be most vulnerable to extinction in the near future, (ii) are ecosystems of high biodiversity (such as tropical forests, coral reefs) under greater threat than those less diverse, (iii) will the loss of some species (e.g. top predators) lea ...
Ecological Role of Predators - National Wolfwatcher Coalition
... Large terrestrial carnivores, e.g. wolves or bears, often play a key ecological role from their position at the apex of trophic systems. Changes to their populations reverberate through ecological communities; consequently their widespread decline in numbers and shrinking distribution due to human p ...
... Large terrestrial carnivores, e.g. wolves or bears, often play a key ecological role from their position at the apex of trophic systems. Changes to their populations reverberate through ecological communities; consequently their widespread decline in numbers and shrinking distribution due to human p ...
A new parameterization for estimating co
... We develop the model using a hierarchical (or statespace) formulation that includes distinct components for species occurrence and species detection given occurrence. This approach allows us to build models of predator and prey species occurrences and their potential ecological determinants (e.g., h ...
... We develop the model using a hierarchical (or statespace) formulation that includes distinct components for species occurrence and species detection given occurrence. This approach allows us to build models of predator and prey species occurrences and their potential ecological determinants (e.g., h ...
Network Role Analysis in the Study of Food Webs
... herbivores, intermediate consumers, top predators, and dead material (detritus and carrion) in food webs, providing opportunities for comparative analysis of whole ecosystems measured at different places and times. The food web is modeled as a series of n compartments into which energy or materials ...
... herbivores, intermediate consumers, top predators, and dead material (detritus and carrion) in food webs, providing opportunities for comparative analysis of whole ecosystems measured at different places and times. The food web is modeled as a series of n compartments into which energy or materials ...
Sink habitats can alter ecological outcomes for competing species
... return to the source habitat (B. Kotler, personal communication). While ideal free populations in which individuals move freely to maximize their per-capita fitness do not occupy sink habitats under equilibrium conditions (Holt 1985), they may occupy sink habitats under non-equilibrium conditions (H ...
... return to the source habitat (B. Kotler, personal communication). While ideal free populations in which individuals move freely to maximize their per-capita fitness do not occupy sink habitats under equilibrium conditions (Holt 1985), they may occupy sink habitats under non-equilibrium conditions (H ...
- ePrints Soton
... 2000b; Swenson et al., 2000a), ecosystems are complex systems, sensitively dependent on initial conditions, and it is this that can potentially give rise to wide phenotypic variation from small variations due to sampling error when ecosystems are reproduced. This position implicitly assumes that the ...
... 2000b; Swenson et al., 2000a), ecosystems are complex systems, sensitively dependent on initial conditions, and it is this that can potentially give rise to wide phenotypic variation from small variations due to sampling error when ecosystems are reproduced. This position implicitly assumes that the ...
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.