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Sink habitats can alter ecological outcomes for competing species
... return to the source habitat (B. Kotler, personal communication). While ideal free populations in which individuals move freely to maximize their per-capita fitness do not occupy sink habitats under equilibrium conditions (Holt 1985), they may occupy sink habitats under non-equilibrium conditions (H ...
... return to the source habitat (B. Kotler, personal communication). While ideal free populations in which individuals move freely to maximize their per-capita fitness do not occupy sink habitats under equilibrium conditions (Holt 1985), they may occupy sink habitats under non-equilibrium conditions (H ...
Network Role Analysis in the Study of Food Webs
... herbivores, intermediate consumers, top predators, and dead material (detritus and carrion) in food webs, providing opportunities for comparative analysis of whole ecosystems measured at different places and times. The food web is modeled as a series of n compartments into which energy or materials ...
... herbivores, intermediate consumers, top predators, and dead material (detritus and carrion) in food webs, providing opportunities for comparative analysis of whole ecosystems measured at different places and times. The food web is modeled as a series of n compartments into which energy or materials ...
Incorporating Plant Mortality and Recruitment Into
... Adler 2008). When plants die, they create gaps in communities which can be filled by existing dominant species or by new or rare species. This relatively simple concept was termed the ‘‘regeneration niche’’ by Grubb (1977), and is a critical phase from the standpoint of plant community change or res ...
... Adler 2008). When plants die, they create gaps in communities which can be filled by existing dominant species or by new or rare species. This relatively simple concept was termed the ‘‘regeneration niche’’ by Grubb (1977), and is a critical phase from the standpoint of plant community change or res ...
MS Word - Invasive.Org
... reduced considerably, but viable plants were still being found. As of early 2002, there are plans to continue these treatments until egeria is completely eradicated from this site. David Gumbart, the Director of Ecological Management for TNC-Connecticut, states that this eradication effort is likely ...
... reduced considerably, but viable plants were still being found. As of early 2002, there are plans to continue these treatments until egeria is completely eradicated from this site. David Gumbart, the Director of Ecological Management for TNC-Connecticut, states that this eradication effort is likely ...
Reef-fish community structure and dynamics
... w h ~ c hcould otherwise be confounded between locations. Recruitment, both total abundance and species richness of recruits, to these reefs was greater at the northern location than at the southern one. In contrast, communities of resident fishes that developed on these reefs showed the o p p o s ~ ...
... w h ~ c hcould otherwise be confounded between locations. Recruitment, both total abundance and species richness of recruits, to these reefs was greater at the northern location than at the southern one. In contrast, communities of resident fishes that developed on these reefs showed the o p p o s ~ ...
Unit 1 Review
... 1. Obtaining food from the ecosystem 2. Contributing energy to the ecosystem Plants are called “producers” because they produce carbohydrates from carbon dioxide, water and the sun’s energy. “Consumers” get their energy by feeding on producers or other consumers. Decomposition is the break-dow ...
... 1. Obtaining food from the ecosystem 2. Contributing energy to the ecosystem Plants are called “producers” because they produce carbohydrates from carbon dioxide, water and the sun’s energy. “Consumers” get their energy by feeding on producers or other consumers. Decomposition is the break-dow ...
Fulltext PDF - Indian Academy of Sciences
... origin of diversity. Darwin viewed speciation as a gradual process and was of the opinion that the same process eventually gives rise to an evolutionary novelty or higher taxa when enough differences pile up. In his view, races, species, genera and families are nothing more than different degrees of ...
... origin of diversity. Darwin viewed speciation as a gradual process and was of the opinion that the same process eventually gives rise to an evolutionary novelty or higher taxa when enough differences pile up. In his view, races, species, genera and families are nothing more than different degrees of ...
Temporal stability in forest productivity increases with tree diversity
... et al. 1972; Bugmann 2001), i.e. (1) the forest stand is abstracted as a composite of many small patches of land (800 m2), each patch having its own dynamics, (2) patches are horizontally homogeneous, i.e. tree position within a patch is not considered, (3) the leaves of each tree are located in an ...
... et al. 1972; Bugmann 2001), i.e. (1) the forest stand is abstracted as a composite of many small patches of land (800 m2), each patch having its own dynamics, (2) patches are horizontally homogeneous, i.e. tree position within a patch is not considered, (3) the leaves of each tree are located in an ...
Lecture 22. Succession Reconsidered
... -in fact, successional sequence depends a great deal on chance events -most important of these is initial colonizers ** plants that colonize after a disturbance can vary greatly from one disturbance to another -these initial species have a strong influence on the direction in which succession procee ...
... -in fact, successional sequence depends a great deal on chance events -most important of these is initial colonizers ** plants that colonize after a disturbance can vary greatly from one disturbance to another -these initial species have a strong influence on the direction in which succession procee ...
articolo completo - Società Italiana Scienza della
... and with the ecological heterogeneity. This type of diversity is correlated with the consideration of the value of singular habitats, often under severe stress, in which specialized species live forming particular communities which show low alpha diversity but increase the beta and the gamma diversi ...
... and with the ecological heterogeneity. This type of diversity is correlated with the consideration of the value of singular habitats, often under severe stress, in which specialized species live forming particular communities which show low alpha diversity but increase the beta and the gamma diversi ...
Overgrazing - IDC Technologies
... measured values of near surface temperatures and, therefore, will suggest contributions to global warming. Also, while this phenomenon will increase reported global warming incidence, it may in fact overstate the true earth warming impact, since a proper energy balance analysis may show the surface ...
... measured values of near surface temperatures and, therefore, will suggest contributions to global warming. Also, while this phenomenon will increase reported global warming incidence, it may in fact overstate the true earth warming impact, since a proper energy balance analysis may show the surface ...
Restoration Biology: A Population Biology Perspective
... Thus, “real world” deviations from the ideal assumptions of genetic theory (e.g., random mating, equal sex ratio, non-overlapping generations, constant population size over generations, and no selection) can be encapsulated as differences between the effective population size and the number of repro ...
... Thus, “real world” deviations from the ideal assumptions of genetic theory (e.g., random mating, equal sex ratio, non-overlapping generations, constant population size over generations, and no selection) can be encapsulated as differences between the effective population size and the number of repro ...
Darwin`s Galápagos finches in modern biology
... G. fortis with the greatest divergence in beak size also showed the greatest divergence at neutral markers. This pattern is also similar for the interspecific comparisons among the ground finches, and consistent results at these two biological scales (intra- and interspecific variation) suggest that ...
... G. fortis with the greatest divergence in beak size also showed the greatest divergence at neutral markers. This pattern is also similar for the interspecific comparisons among the ground finches, and consistent results at these two biological scales (intra- and interspecific variation) suggest that ...
The ecology and evolution of social behavior in microbes
... © 2017. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2017) 220, 18-24 doi:10.1242/jeb.145631 ...
... © 2017. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd | Journal of Experimental Biology (2017) 220, 18-24 doi:10.1242/jeb.145631 ...
Darwin`s Galápagos finches in modern biology
... G. fortis with the greatest divergence in beak size also showed the greatest divergence at neutral markers. This pattern is also similar for the interspecific comparisons among the ground finches, and consistent results at these two biological scales (intra- and interspecific variation) suggest that ...
... G. fortis with the greatest divergence in beak size also showed the greatest divergence at neutral markers. This pattern is also similar for the interspecific comparisons among the ground finches, and consistent results at these two biological scales (intra- and interspecific variation) suggest that ...
Importance of large colony formation in bloom
... studied in northern Taiwan in 2009. Eighty-four ponds were sampled in mid-summer, and the relationship between colony size and relative abundance of each cyanobacterial species was analyzed. Anabaena crassa and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii were the dominant species in terms of frequency of appeara ...
... studied in northern Taiwan in 2009. Eighty-four ponds were sampled in mid-summer, and the relationship between colony size and relative abundance of each cyanobacterial species was analyzed. Anabaena crassa and Cylindrospermopsis raciborskii were the dominant species in terms of frequency of appeara ...
Adaptive Radiations - U.W.
... • It is clear that few of the classic cases of adaptive radiation have been studied rigorously from a combined systematic and ecological point of view Two main issues: ...
... • It is clear that few of the classic cases of adaptive radiation have been studied rigorously from a combined systematic and ecological point of view Two main issues: ...
Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences University of
... variation in vegetation cover and high frequency of sheep grazing. While Skeiðarársandur is primarily sparsely vegetated (75 % of total area), at stages of early primary succession, some parts have developed into continuous moss heathland, with herbs and few small birch and willow shrubs (Kofler 200 ...
... variation in vegetation cover and high frequency of sheep grazing. While Skeiðarársandur is primarily sparsely vegetated (75 % of total area), at stages of early primary succession, some parts have developed into continuous moss heathland, with herbs and few small birch and willow shrubs (Kofler 200 ...
Habitat filtering and niche differentiation jointly explain
... (Maire et al., 2009). For example, LNC exhibited a high variability among our grass species (30–55 mg N g1), similar to that encountered world-wide in grasslands (Diaz et al., 2004). We measured plant traits under nonlimiting conditions (CN+ treatment) in monocultures and during the vegetative sta ...
... (Maire et al., 2009). For example, LNC exhibited a high variability among our grass species (30–55 mg N g1), similar to that encountered world-wide in grasslands (Diaz et al., 2004). We measured plant traits under nonlimiting conditions (CN+ treatment) in monocultures and during the vegetative sta ...
Competitive dominance among sessile marine organisms in a high
... Although crustose coralline algae were the major space occupiers in this high Arctic ecosystem, they were not the competitive dominants in many of the interactions with other sessile organisms, particularly invertebrates. This is not unusual as overgrowth dominants often do not monopolize space, and ...
... Although crustose coralline algae were the major space occupiers in this high Arctic ecosystem, they were not the competitive dominants in many of the interactions with other sessile organisms, particularly invertebrates. This is not unusual as overgrowth dominants often do not monopolize space, and ...
Ecological Inventory of Queensborough, City of New Westminster
... vegetation, including cultural vegetation such as playing fields and rough fields (Appendix 2). A total of 507 polygons were mapped ranging in size from 0.001 to 40.6 ha (the mean polygon size, excluding the Fraser River, was 0.29 ha). Approximately 40.6 ha (10.6%) was included by a large polygon ...
... vegetation, including cultural vegetation such as playing fields and rough fields (Appendix 2). A total of 507 polygons were mapped ranging in size from 0.001 to 40.6 ha (the mean polygon size, excluding the Fraser River, was 0.29 ha). Approximately 40.6 ha (10.6%) was included by a large polygon ...
Using Network Analysis to infer impact of climate change on
... complexity of direct and indirect interactions linking species within ecosystems is so ...
... complexity of direct and indirect interactions linking species within ecosystems is so ...
Chapter 12 Natural Environment The State of Our Biodiversity
... Although 90% of the Waitakere Ranges has returned to native bush, vegetation patterns have been altered, with the majority of vegetation now forming bands of successional and regenerating forest and scrub. A few areas have remained in their original state (e.g. the Cascades Kauri Park) and from thes ...
... Although 90% of the Waitakere Ranges has returned to native bush, vegetation patterns have been altered, with the majority of vegetation now forming bands of successional and regenerating forest and scrub. A few areas have remained in their original state (e.g. the Cascades Kauri Park) and from thes ...
Human nature and institutions
... ♦ Depending on punishing circumstances, cheaters lead cooperators incapable to retaliate to cheat; or cooperators willing to incur costly retaliation lead cheaters to cooperate ...
... ♦ Depending on punishing circumstances, cheaters lead cooperators incapable to retaliate to cheat; or cooperators willing to incur costly retaliation lead cheaters to cooperate ...
MOOREA`S NEWEST INVASIVE SPECIES: THE DISTRIBUTION
... Oceanic islands have native flora and fauna that develop without much competition for resources, niches or habitats. As a result, invasive species often can outcompete natives. The recent introduction of Phelsuma laticauda to Moorea, French Polynesia, raises concerns over how the biodiversity on the ...
... Oceanic islands have native flora and fauna that develop without much competition for resources, niches or habitats. As a result, invasive species often can outcompete natives. The recent introduction of Phelsuma laticauda to Moorea, French Polynesia, raises concerns over how the biodiversity on the ...
Ecological fitting
![](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Colorado_potato_beetle.jpg?width=300)
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.