DISPERSAL LIMITATION, INVASION RESISTANCE, AND THE
... another site and maintain positive population growth in the local environment. I experimentally tested the role of dispersal limitation in structuring the zooplankton communities of fishless ponds in southwestern Michigan. An average of 12.9 new species of rotifers and crustaceans from the region we ...
... another site and maintain positive population growth in the local environment. I experimentally tested the role of dispersal limitation in structuring the zooplankton communities of fishless ponds in southwestern Michigan. An average of 12.9 new species of rotifers and crustaceans from the region we ...
Horse Ranching Increases Biodiversity in a Foothills Parkland
... can be seen as an earlier seral stage of the fescue community with a different contingent of plant species. light grazing in part of the prairie glade increased overall plant diversity so that it provided more diverse animal habitat. Key Words: Horses; Feral Horse; Equus ferus caballus; Mountain Rou ...
... can be seen as an earlier seral stage of the fescue community with a different contingent of plant species. light grazing in part of the prairie glade increased overall plant diversity so that it provided more diverse animal habitat. Key Words: Horses; Feral Horse; Equus ferus caballus; Mountain Rou ...
Community Patterns in Source
... At the local scale, Pik is the proportion of sites occupied by species i in community k (note that i always refers to species and k to communities). Each community consists of S species that compete for a limited proportion of vacant sites, Vk. The metacommunity is constituted by N communities that ...
... At the local scale, Pik is the proportion of sites occupied by species i in community k (note that i always refers to species and k to communities). Each community consists of S species that compete for a limited proportion of vacant sites, Vk. The metacommunity is constituted by N communities that ...
A Study of the Social Ecological Wisdom in H.W. Longfellow‟s Poetry
... integrating disciplines of the humanities and natural sciences are the important sources for eco-criticism. Edward O. Wilson offers the explanation of all the social behaviors based on the biological aspects of his Theory of Sociobiology. According to the Gaea Theory of another biologist, James Love ...
... integrating disciplines of the humanities and natural sciences are the important sources for eco-criticism. Edward O. Wilson offers the explanation of all the social behaviors based on the biological aspects of his Theory of Sociobiology. According to the Gaea Theory of another biologist, James Love ...
The Adaptive Significance of Coloration in Mammals
... Box 1. The measurement of color. The artist Albert Munsell developed a system for measuring color. He divided hue into 10 classes, red, yellow, green, blue, purple, and their intermediates; he then divided saturation, also known as chroma or intensity, into 6 uniform steps from 0 to 5; finally, he d ...
... Box 1. The measurement of color. The artist Albert Munsell developed a system for measuring color. He divided hue into 10 classes, red, yellow, green, blue, purple, and their intermediates; he then divided saturation, also known as chroma or intensity, into 6 uniform steps from 0 to 5; finally, he d ...
The interplay between environmental conditions and Allee effects
... this parameter could vary widely depending on environmental conditions. The length of breeding season corresponds to the length of the experiment. Given these parameter estimates, the critical density of E. lacustris is expected to fall between ;3 and ;8 individuals/m3. To include propagule-pressure ...
... this parameter could vary widely depending on environmental conditions. The length of breeding season corresponds to the length of the experiment. Given these parameter estimates, the critical density of E. lacustris is expected to fall between ;3 and ;8 individuals/m3. To include propagule-pressure ...
KLEE: a long-term multi-species herbivore
... Centre (and its partners) are stable and supportive of this research; 2) the baseline ecology of this biome in general, and this ecosystem, are well-studied; 3) the wild and domestic mammalian herbivores are numerous and diverse; 4) the plant community on black cotton soils is both floristically sim ...
... Centre (and its partners) are stable and supportive of this research; 2) the baseline ecology of this biome in general, and this ecosystem, are well-studied; 3) the wild and domestic mammalian herbivores are numerous and diverse; 4) the plant community on black cotton soils is both floristically sim ...
Mountain Cultures, Keystone Species
... implications on local livelihoods. In a region with relatively few economic opportunities, promising activities such as tourism will be negatively affected by the loss of attractions, such as wildlife, and increased land degradation. • PhotoVoice, and similar participant-led explorations and learnin ...
... implications on local livelihoods. In a region with relatively few economic opportunities, promising activities such as tourism will be negatively affected by the loss of attractions, such as wildlife, and increased land degradation. • PhotoVoice, and similar participant-led explorations and learnin ...
Growth, regeneration and predation in three species of large coral
... single and double quantities of sponge material. In all experiments 2 fish were fed pieces of Callyspongiae vaginalis as a reference. Force-feeding consisted of holding the fish and pushing a ca 25 mm3 piece of freshlycut sponge tissue into the fish's stomach. Reactions and movements of the fishes w ...
... single and double quantities of sponge material. In all experiments 2 fish were fed pieces of Callyspongiae vaginalis as a reference. Force-feeding consisted of holding the fish and pushing a ca 25 mm3 piece of freshlycut sponge tissue into the fish's stomach. Reactions and movements of the fishes w ...
Community Ecology, BIOL 7083 – Fall 2003
... competition on growth and survival of rain forest tree seedlings. Ecology 81:2525-2538. MacArthur, Robert H. 1958. Population ecology of some warblers of northeastern coniferous forests. Ecology 39:599-619. Pacala, Stephen & Jonathan Roughgarden. 1982. Resource partitioning and interspecific competi ...
... competition on growth and survival of rain forest tree seedlings. Ecology 81:2525-2538. MacArthur, Robert H. 1958. Population ecology of some warblers of northeastern coniferous forests. Ecology 39:599-619. Pacala, Stephen & Jonathan Roughgarden. 1982. Resource partitioning and interspecific competi ...
Than Muck Munchers: Detritivores Impact Primary Producer Food Web
... Objective 2: To determine the influence of detritivore diversity on ability of predators to exert top-down control on decomposition, primary production, and herbivore abundance. Rationale: Predators can have a broad range of indirect effects on rates of decomposition; previous studies have reported ...
... Objective 2: To determine the influence of detritivore diversity on ability of predators to exert top-down control on decomposition, primary production, and herbivore abundance. Rationale: Predators can have a broad range of indirect effects on rates of decomposition; previous studies have reported ...
Integrating Different Organizational Levels in Benthic Biodiversity
... representing a biodiversity gradient as it might occur in nature after species loss across all trophic levels (31 species in the “complete”, i.e. most diverse assemblage; McGrady-Steed et al., 1997). Although this approach risks confounding species richness with species composition, additional exper ...
... representing a biodiversity gradient as it might occur in nature after species loss across all trophic levels (31 species in the “complete”, i.e. most diverse assemblage; McGrady-Steed et al., 1997). Although this approach risks confounding species richness with species composition, additional exper ...
Succession of bee communities on fallows
... 1987, Greiler 1994, Gathmann et al. 1994, SteffanDewenter and Tscharntke 1997). Furthermore, depending on the used time scale, non-linear changes of species richness during succession may be clouded by the general long-term increase of species diversity. Short-term changes of insect communities can ...
... 1987, Greiler 1994, Gathmann et al. 1994, SteffanDewenter and Tscharntke 1997). Furthermore, depending on the used time scale, non-linear changes of species richness during succession may be clouded by the general long-term increase of species diversity. Short-term changes of insect communities can ...
Opposing intraspecific vs. interspecific diversity effects on
... comparably little attention in BEF research, particularly in forest BEF experiments. Other causes of positive biodiversity– productivity relationships might be mediated through biotic interactions, e.g. between plants and herbivores. Genotypic diversity may be more (Crawford and Rudgers 2013), equal ...
... comparably little attention in BEF research, particularly in forest BEF experiments. Other causes of positive biodiversity– productivity relationships might be mediated through biotic interactions, e.g. between plants and herbivores. Genotypic diversity may be more (Crawford and Rudgers 2013), equal ...
comparing species diversity and evenness indices
... The current interest in diversity as one of the major parameters describing a community has led to an increasing number of published results and theoretical discussions during the last years. Diversity has variously been related to other attributes of the community or properties of the environment, ...
... The current interest in diversity as one of the major parameters describing a community has led to an increasing number of published results and theoretical discussions during the last years. Diversity has variously been related to other attributes of the community or properties of the environment, ...
Species Diversity of Seed-Eating Desert Rodents in
... exist on those dunes. Two of the dunes occur at high altitudes and these appear to be depauperate in an evolutionary sense; although these dunes seem to be capable of supporting additional rodent species, it is likely that no existing species possess the adaptations necessary to colonize them. INTRO ...
... exist on those dunes. Two of the dunes occur at high altitudes and these appear to be depauperate in an evolutionary sense; although these dunes seem to be capable of supporting additional rodent species, it is likely that no existing species possess the adaptations necessary to colonize them. INTRO ...
the impacts of introduced freshwater fishes in the
... Fisheries Administrative Order No. 221 (Series of 2003) of the Department of Agriculture Subject: Regulating the importation of live fish and fishery/aquatic products Section 3: Categories based on risk . . . the legality of importation of live fish shall be determined based on the CITES categories ...
... Fisheries Administrative Order No. 221 (Series of 2003) of the Department of Agriculture Subject: Regulating the importation of live fish and fishery/aquatic products Section 3: Categories based on risk . . . the legality of importation of live fish shall be determined based on the CITES categories ...
John Turner - Ecology rebuttal evidence
... there was a particularly rare species found living and breeding in a bush fragment (and then it would have to be tailored to that species). In reality most of the plant and animal species associated with these small fragments of habitat are able to do so because they can tolerate grazing or predatio ...
... there was a particularly rare species found living and breeding in a bush fragment (and then it would have to be tailored to that species). In reality most of the plant and animal species associated with these small fragments of habitat are able to do so because they can tolerate grazing or predatio ...
CAMo: from molecules to modeling PROVISIONAL Abstract Collection
... mediate multi-trophic interactions between above- and belowground organisms and how these interactions are affected by (human induced) changes in climate, land use and species invasions. One of the topics that we focus on is so-called “plant soil feedback”. During plant growth, plants change the comp ...
... mediate multi-trophic interactions between above- and belowground organisms and how these interactions are affected by (human induced) changes in climate, land use and species invasions. One of the topics that we focus on is so-called “plant soil feedback”. During plant growth, plants change the comp ...
Resource pulses, species interactions, and diversity maintenance in
... coexisting species have unique patterns of population growth and resource consumption over time, but these mechanisms differ in the ways these patterns come about. We consider each mechanism in turn, discussing the role of resource pulses in their operation. These mechanisms are illustrated by resul ...
... coexisting species have unique patterns of population growth and resource consumption over time, but these mechanisms differ in the ways these patterns come about. We consider each mechanism in turn, discussing the role of resource pulses in their operation. These mechanisms are illustrated by resul ...
Community Maturity, Species Saturation and the Variant Diversity
... relation to seeded species richness among the four sites and 3 years. In 2003, the ÔconstantÕ diversity–productivity model received the greatest weight for LW and SH sites (Table 2). Model selection uncertainty was substantial, however, and model averaging suggested that productivity may have increa ...
... relation to seeded species richness among the four sites and 3 years. In 2003, the ÔconstantÕ diversity–productivity model received the greatest weight for LW and SH sites (Table 2). Model selection uncertainty was substantial, however, and model averaging suggested that productivity may have increa ...
Linking community and ecosystem dynamics through spatial
... material) and the second axis the rates or scales of the coupling agents (the grain). Studies belonging to the two traditions of spatial ecology can be positioned along this continuum. Vertical axis: Along the first axis, food web metacommunity ecology focuses on the movement of living organisms and ...
... material) and the second axis the rates or scales of the coupling agents (the grain). Studies belonging to the two traditions of spatial ecology can be positioned along this continuum. Vertical axis: Along the first axis, food web metacommunity ecology focuses on the movement of living organisms and ...
PPT 2
... a. The niche does not include the place where the organism lives. b. the niche includes all the conditions under which the organism lives. c. the niche includes only abiotic factors. d. the niche includes only biotic factors. Slide 29 of 39 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall ...
... a. The niche does not include the place where the organism lives. b. the niche includes all the conditions under which the organism lives. c. the niche includes only abiotic factors. d. the niche includes only biotic factors. Slide 29 of 39 End Show Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall ...
Development of a subtidal epifaunal community at the island of
... complex network of biotic and abiotic factors. They have been reviewed in the comprehensive works of Meadows & Campbell (1972), Conneli (1972), Crisp (1974), Schehema (1974), and in the more recent articles mentioned in the introduction to this report. Many efforts have been made to examine the infl ...
... complex network of biotic and abiotic factors. They have been reviewed in the comprehensive works of Meadows & Campbell (1972), Conneli (1972), Crisp (1974), Schehema (1974), and in the more recent articles mentioned in the introduction to this report. Many efforts have been made to examine the infl ...
The Value of Animal Behavior in Evaluations of Restoration Success
... Van Bael & Brawn 2005; Feldman 2006). The design of restoration projects may facilitate or impede the recovery of these processes through effects on animal behavior. Apportioning Resources to Behavioral Studies Resources to evaluate the success of restoration efforts are often very limited. Thus, wh ...
... Van Bael & Brawn 2005; Feldman 2006). The design of restoration projects may facilitate or impede the recovery of these processes through effects on animal behavior. Apportioning Resources to Behavioral Studies Resources to evaluate the success of restoration efforts are often very limited. Thus, wh ...
Ecological fitting
Ecological fitting is ""the process whereby organisms colonize and persist in novel environments, use novel resources or form novel associations with other species as a result of the suites of traits that they carry at the time they encounter the novel condition.” It can be understood as a situation in which a species' interactions with its biotic and abiotic environment seem to indicate a history of coevolution, when in actuality the relevant traits evolved in response to a different set of biotic and abiotic conditions. The simplest form of ecological fitting is resource tracking, in which an organism continues to exploit the same resources, but in a new host or environment. In this framework, the organism occupies a multidimensional operative environment defined by the conditions in which it can persist, similar to the idea of the Hutchinsonian niche. In this case, a species can colonize new environments (e.g. an area with the same temperature and water regime) and/or form new species interactions (e.g. a parasite infecting a new host) which can lead to the misinterpretation of the relationship as coevolution, although the organism has not evolved and is continuing to exploit the same resources it always has. The more strict definition of ecological fitting requires that a species encounter an environment or host outside of its original operative environment and obtain realized fitness based on traits developed in previous environments that are now co-opted for a new purpose. This strict form of ecological fitting can also be expressed either as colonization of new habitat or the formation of new species interactions.