Review - Wesleyan University
... spinal cord. A number of animal (predominantly rodent) injury models have been developed in an attempt to reproduce such injuries (3). The primary, mechanical disruption of tissue is quickly followed by a complex cascade of secondary injury processes that include regional blood flow alterations, ele ...
... spinal cord. A number of animal (predominantly rodent) injury models have been developed in an attempt to reproduce such injuries (3). The primary, mechanical disruption of tissue is quickly followed by a complex cascade of secondary injury processes that include regional blood flow alterations, ele ...
Thalamic Circuit Diversity: Modulation of the Driver/Modulator
... terminals with round vesicles (RS; Guillery, 1969) that are defined as modulators (Sherman and Guillery, 1998). RS terminals that originate from cortex layer VI converge on small caliber (distal) dendrites (depicted by the gray terminals surrounding a section of dendrite, pink, modified from Robson ...
... terminals with round vesicles (RS; Guillery, 1969) that are defined as modulators (Sherman and Guillery, 1998). RS terminals that originate from cortex layer VI converge on small caliber (distal) dendrites (depicted by the gray terminals surrounding a section of dendrite, pink, modified from Robson ...
Membrane Penetration of Cytosolic Phospholipase A2 Is Necessary
... of phospholipids (12, 13) and is generally thought to play a crucial role in maintaining cellular arachidonic acid levels (14). cPLA2 is therefore an attractive target for developing specific inhibitors that can be used as a novel antiinflammatory drugs. cPLA2 binds to membranes in the presence of m ...
... of phospholipids (12, 13) and is generally thought to play a crucial role in maintaining cellular arachidonic acid levels (14). cPLA2 is therefore an attractive target for developing specific inhibitors that can be used as a novel antiinflammatory drugs. cPLA2 binds to membranes in the presence of m ...
Development - Publications Repository
... Fig. 3. NRP1 is required for cranial neural crest migration in a cell-autonomous fashion. (A-I) Double-label immunofluorescence analysis of 9.5 dpc mouse embryos (21-23 somites) with the neural crest cell marker p75 (red, A-C) and the blood vessel marker endomucin (green, D-F); (G-I) merged images. ...
... Fig. 3. NRP1 is required for cranial neural crest migration in a cell-autonomous fashion. (A-I) Double-label immunofluorescence analysis of 9.5 dpc mouse embryos (21-23 somites) with the neural crest cell marker p75 (red, A-C) and the blood vessel marker endomucin (green, D-F); (G-I) merged images. ...
- TestbankU
... 2.1-4. _______ are located only within the central nervous system. a. Sensory b. Motor c. Relay interneurons d. Projection neurons e. Schwann cells Difficulty: 2 Question ID: 2.1-4 Page Ref: 28 Topic: Introduction Skill: Factual Answer: c. Relay interneurons Rationale: Relay interneurons are located ...
... 2.1-4. _______ are located only within the central nervous system. a. Sensory b. Motor c. Relay interneurons d. Projection neurons e. Schwann cells Difficulty: 2 Question ID: 2.1-4 Page Ref: 28 Topic: Introduction Skill: Factual Answer: c. Relay interneurons Rationale: Relay interneurons are located ...
the vagus nerve - European Medical Journal
... stomach and duodenum followed by a progressive reduction in the small intestine and colon.17 The fact that gastric myenteric neurons are activated by vagal input was also demonstrated immunohistochemically with the detection of c-Fos and phosphorylated c-AMP response element binding protein (p-CREB) ...
... stomach and duodenum followed by a progressive reduction in the small intestine and colon.17 The fact that gastric myenteric neurons are activated by vagal input was also demonstrated immunohistochemically with the detection of c-Fos and phosphorylated c-AMP response element binding protein (p-CREB) ...
Galanin-like peptide: a key player in the homeostatic regulation of
... hormone, which is derived from pro-opiomelanocortin in neurons in the ARC,36 with orexin-1 receptor immunoreactivity also being observed in a few GALP-positive neurons.38 We have previously reported that 3–12% of GALP-positive cells contain a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-like immunoreactivity.36 I ...
... hormone, which is derived from pro-opiomelanocortin in neurons in the ARC,36 with orexin-1 receptor immunoreactivity also being observed in a few GALP-positive neurons.38 We have previously reported that 3–12% of GALP-positive cells contain a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone-like immunoreactivity.36 I ...
PDF
... and reliable pattern of labeling was observed in the VCN. This pattern and the VCN cell types filled by such an injection have been described in detail previously (Doucet and Ryugo, 1997; Doucet et al., 1999b) and so will only be summarized. Microneurons and axons were labeled and distributed within ...
... and reliable pattern of labeling was observed in the VCN. This pattern and the VCN cell types filled by such an injection have been described in detail previously (Doucet and Ryugo, 1997; Doucet et al., 1999b) and so will only be summarized. Microneurons and axons were labeled and distributed within ...
Has Your Child with Autistic Symptoms Been Properly
... about mitochondrial disorders within the mainstream medical community for three reasons. First, mitochondrial disease was once thought to be very rare, which we now know is not true.1,2 Mitochondrial disease is now implicated in many other disease states including depression, mood disorders, bipolar ...
... about mitochondrial disorders within the mainstream medical community for three reasons. First, mitochondrial disease was once thought to be very rare, which we now know is not true.1,2 Mitochondrial disease is now implicated in many other disease states including depression, mood disorders, bipolar ...
`Hybrid Protein Model`for optimally defining 3D protein structure
... Blocks (PBs), that can approximate the protein backbone locally. The average root mean square deviation (rmsd) of the PBs is 0.58 Å. The 16 PBs are labeled by letters from a to p. PB m is the prototype of the central α-helix and d the prototype of the central β-sheet. PBs a to c primarily represent ...
... Blocks (PBs), that can approximate the protein backbone locally. The average root mean square deviation (rmsd) of the PBs is 0.58 Å. The 16 PBs are labeled by letters from a to p. PB m is the prototype of the central α-helix and d the prototype of the central β-sheet. PBs a to c primarily represent ...
Neural substrates for expectation-modulated fear learning in
... stores memories of the conditioned stimulus–unconditioned stimulus association, but the origin of UCS inputs to the amygdala is unknown. Theory and evidence suggest that instructive UCS inputs to the amygdala will be inhibited when the UCS is expected, but this has not been found during fear conditi ...
... stores memories of the conditioned stimulus–unconditioned stimulus association, but the origin of UCS inputs to the amygdala is unknown. Theory and evidence suggest that instructive UCS inputs to the amygdala will be inhibited when the UCS is expected, but this has not been found during fear conditi ...
Saccade-induced activity of dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus X
... characterized. It is suggested that the X-pathway is involved in the analysis of fine spatial resolution whereas the Y-pathway is involved in the analysis of form vision and motion (reviewed in Sherman & Koch, 1986). From these facts it may be expected that these pathways are affected differently du ...
... characterized. It is suggested that the X-pathway is involved in the analysis of fine spatial resolution whereas the Y-pathway is involved in the analysis of form vision and motion (reviewed in Sherman & Koch, 1986). From these facts it may be expected that these pathways are affected differently du ...
How Inhibition Shapes Cortical Activity
... rectifying K+ (GIRK) channels (Lüscher et al., 1997). It has been suggested that synaptically released GABA from a large number of coactive interneurons must be pooled or accumulated to activate GABAB receptors (Isaacson et al., 1993; Scanziani, 2000). Postsynaptic GABAB receptors also inhibit volt ...
... rectifying K+ (GIRK) channels (Lüscher et al., 1997). It has been suggested that synaptically released GABA from a large number of coactive interneurons must be pooled or accumulated to activate GABAB receptors (Isaacson et al., 1993; Scanziani, 2000). Postsynaptic GABAB receptors also inhibit volt ...
AP8_Lecture_3 - Forensic Consultation
... or abnormal) is determined largely by underlying dynamic - that is, interacting - psychological forces of which she or he is not consciously aware ...
... or abnormal) is determined largely by underlying dynamic - that is, interacting - psychological forces of which she or he is not consciously aware ...
Evolution of the Size and Functional Areas of the Human Brain
... Behavioral implications of anatomical differences are reviewed in the subsequent sections. Our knowledge of anatomical differences is further advanced than our knowledge of what these differences might mean behaviorally. In general, however, it is generally assumed, implicitly or explicitly, that mo ...
... Behavioral implications of anatomical differences are reviewed in the subsequent sections. Our knowledge of anatomical differences is further advanced than our knowledge of what these differences might mean behaviorally. In general, however, it is generally assumed, implicitly or explicitly, that mo ...
Rectal drug delivery: A promising route for enhancing drug absorption
... were stabilized by these inhibitors were not fully understood. 31 Chemical modification of protein and peptide drugs The absorption enhancers and protease inhibitors can enhance the absorption of normally non-absorbed molecules from the gastrointestinal tract. However, limitations such as local irri ...
... were stabilized by these inhibitors were not fully understood. 31 Chemical modification of protein and peptide drugs The absorption enhancers and protease inhibitors can enhance the absorption of normally non-absorbed molecules from the gastrointestinal tract. However, limitations such as local irri ...
The cognitive neuroscience of sustained attention
... the assessment of sustained attention (or vigilance) performance typically has utilized situations in which an observer is required to keep watch for inconspicuous signals over prolonged periods of time. The state of readiness to respond to rarely and unpredictably occurring signals is characterized ...
... the assessment of sustained attention (or vigilance) performance typically has utilized situations in which an observer is required to keep watch for inconspicuous signals over prolonged periods of time. The state of readiness to respond to rarely and unpredictably occurring signals is characterized ...
Botanicals and Anti-Inflammatories: Natural Ingredients for Rosacea and Diane Berson, MD
... leaves, is a medicinal herb used traditionally to reduce fever and treat headache, arthritis, and digestive problems.34,35 The perennial flowering plant has citrus-scented leaves and is reminiscent of daisies. It has potent antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-irritant properties. Its main compon ...
... leaves, is a medicinal herb used traditionally to reduce fever and treat headache, arthritis, and digestive problems.34,35 The perennial flowering plant has citrus-scented leaves and is reminiscent of daisies. It has potent antiinflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-irritant properties. Its main compon ...
mGluR-dependent persistent firing in entorhinal cortex layer III neurons SYNAPTIC MECHANISMS Motoharu Yoshida,
... 2007; Mikami et al., 2007). It has also been shown that group I mGluRs can modulate ICAN and transient receptor potential-like (TRP) channels, which are strong candidates as molecular correlates for ICAN (Congar et al., 1997; Gee et al., 2003; Ene et al., 2007; Fowler et al., 2007). These findings su ...
... 2007; Mikami et al., 2007). It has also been shown that group I mGluRs can modulate ICAN and transient receptor potential-like (TRP) channels, which are strong candidates as molecular correlates for ICAN (Congar et al., 1997; Gee et al., 2003; Ene et al., 2007; Fowler et al., 2007). These findings su ...
NETMORPH: A Framework for the Stochastic
... creating detailed network connectivity patterns, with axodendritic synapses at specific locations in the neuronal morphology; studying how typical connectivity patterns come about during development (e.g., small-world connectivity; Sporns et al. 2004); examining how characteristic changes in synapti ...
... creating detailed network connectivity patterns, with axodendritic synapses at specific locations in the neuronal morphology; studying how typical connectivity patterns come about during development (e.g., small-world connectivity; Sporns et al. 2004); examining how characteristic changes in synapti ...
Horizontal Interactions in Cat Striate Cortex: 1. Anatomical Substrate
... labelled terminals become organized in individual 300 to 350 pm wide clusters with a centre-to-centre spacing of about 500 pm. During the first three postnatal weeks the horizontal connections increase their span to up to 10.5 mm and the spacing between individual patches increases to about 700 prn. ...
... labelled terminals become organized in individual 300 to 350 pm wide clusters with a centre-to-centre spacing of about 500 pm. During the first three postnatal weeks the horizontal connections increase their span to up to 10.5 mm and the spacing between individual patches increases to about 700 prn. ...
Proton NMR chemical shifts and coupling constants for brain
... obtained for this field strength. Additionally, spectra for all metabolites were generated for 4.0 T, using a relatively narrow line width in comparison to that observed in vivo, in order to illustrate their spectral patterns. This field strength was chosen to provide a simpler spectrum, in light of ...
... obtained for this field strength. Additionally, spectra for all metabolites were generated for 4.0 T, using a relatively narrow line width in comparison to that observed in vivo, in order to illustrate their spectral patterns. This field strength was chosen to provide a simpler spectrum, in light of ...
The relation of emotions to placebo responses
... more frequently in the future, termed positive reinforcement [37]. The pleasant stimulus produced by the behaviour is called a ‘reinforcer’, and is any stimulus that the organism will behave in a way to obtain. Typical primary reinforcers are food, sex and drugs of abuse. Similarly, negative reinfor ...
... more frequently in the future, termed positive reinforcement [37]. The pleasant stimulus produced by the behaviour is called a ‘reinforcer’, and is any stimulus that the organism will behave in a way to obtain. Typical primary reinforcers are food, sex and drugs of abuse. Similarly, negative reinfor ...
Neural Mechanisms of Subclinical Depressive
... Background: Studies of individuals who do not meet criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) but with subclinical levels of depressive symptoms may aid in the identification of neurofunctional abnormalities that possibly precede and predict the development of MDD. The purpose of this study was to ...
... Background: Studies of individuals who do not meet criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) but with subclinical levels of depressive symptoms may aid in the identification of neurofunctional abnormalities that possibly precede and predict the development of MDD. The purpose of this study was to ...
Clinical neurochemistry
Clinical neurochemistry is the field of neurological biochemistry which relates biochemical phenomena to clinical symptomatic manifestations in humans. While neurochemistry is mostly associated with the effects of neurotransmitters and similarly-functioning chemicals on neurons themselves, clinical neurochemistry relates these phenomena to system-wide symptoms. Clinical neurochemistry is related to neurogenesis, neuromodulation, neuroplasticity, neuroendocrinology, and neuroimmunology in the context of associating neurological findings at both lower and higher level organismal functions.