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Normalization in human somatosensory cortex
... mask digits were stimulated concurrently compared with when the target was stimulated in isolation. fMRI voxels in a region of the left postcentral gyrus each responded when either digit was stimulated. A regression model (called a forward model) was used to separate the fMRI measurements from these ...
... mask digits were stimulated concurrently compared with when the target was stimulated in isolation. fMRI voxels in a region of the left postcentral gyrus each responded when either digit was stimulated. A regression model (called a forward model) was used to separate the fMRI measurements from these ...
construction of a model demonstrating neural pathways and reflex arcs
... The spinal cord is protected by the vertebrae (backbone) asit passesdown the vertebral canal. The spinal cord terminates between the first two lumbar vertebrae in most adults. Neurons in the spinal cord are also functionally arranged so that areas dealing with the same types of information are group ...
... The spinal cord is protected by the vertebrae (backbone) asit passesdown the vertebral canal. The spinal cord terminates between the first two lumbar vertebrae in most adults. Neurons in the spinal cord are also functionally arranged so that areas dealing with the same types of information are group ...
Applying Transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation to the Study of Spike Timing Dependent Plasticity in Neural Networks
... expected the simulation output did not match what has been clinically observed: synaptic weights did not diminish as the frequency of tACS deviated from the resting frequency of the network and the effects of tACS did not persist following its removal. This could be due to network size, the FitzHugh ...
... expected the simulation output did not match what has been clinically observed: synaptic weights did not diminish as the frequency of tACS deviated from the resting frequency of the network and the effects of tACS did not persist following its removal. This could be due to network size, the FitzHugh ...
construction of a model demonstrating neural pathways and reflex arcs
... The spinal cord is protected by the vertebrae (backbone) asit passesdown the vertebral canal. The spinal cord terminates between the first two lumbar vertebrae in most adults. Neurons in the spinal cord are also functionally arranged so that areas dealing with the same types of information are group ...
... The spinal cord is protected by the vertebrae (backbone) asit passesdown the vertebral canal. The spinal cord terminates between the first two lumbar vertebrae in most adults. Neurons in the spinal cord are also functionally arranged so that areas dealing with the same types of information are group ...
Spatiotemporal Properties of Eye Position Signals
... 1506 Eye Position Signals in the Central Thalamus ...
... 1506 Eye Position Signals in the Central Thalamus ...
Been There, Seen That: A Neural Mechanism for Performing
... This definition helps to exclude saccades that result in short fixation durations during which the animal is clearly aware that the item he is fixating is not the reward loaded target. Fixations with durations of ⬎500 ms were completely informative; if the monkey was looking at a potential target an ...
... This definition helps to exclude saccades that result in short fixation durations during which the animal is clearly aware that the item he is fixating is not the reward loaded target. Fixations with durations of ⬎500 ms were completely informative; if the monkey was looking at a potential target an ...
Circadian Organization in Hemimetabolous Insects
... rhythm, the bilaterally paired clocks form a functional unit. They interact to produce a stable time structure within individual insects by exchanging photic and temporal information through neural pathways, in which serotonin and pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) are involved as chemical messengers. ...
... rhythm, the bilaterally paired clocks form a functional unit. They interact to produce a stable time structure within individual insects by exchanging photic and temporal information through neural pathways, in which serotonin and pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) are involved as chemical messengers. ...
Mechanisms of gustatory coding in Spodoptera littoralis
... spatial location of the stimuli which excite them. These sensilla are involved in different behaviours and might therefore be tuned to different types of contact chemosensory stimuli. These functional constraints imply a different organisation of the nervous centres processing the information receiv ...
... spatial location of the stimuli which excite them. These sensilla are involved in different behaviours and might therefore be tuned to different types of contact chemosensory stimuli. These functional constraints imply a different organisation of the nervous centres processing the information receiv ...
sensory receptors
... and proprioception • Picked up by sensory receptors • Specialized cells or cell processes • Simplest – dendrites of sensory neurons (free nerve endings) • Stimulated by many different stimuli (chemical, pressure, temperature) • Little receptor specificity ...
... and proprioception • Picked up by sensory receptors • Specialized cells or cell processes • Simplest – dendrites of sensory neurons (free nerve endings) • Stimulated by many different stimuli (chemical, pressure, temperature) • Little receptor specificity ...
UNC-119 suppresses axon branching
... mutants (Mello et al., 1991). F1 progeny with a wild-type vulval phenotype were selected and scored for GFP expression using fluorescence microscopy. unc-119(ed3); lin-15(n765ts) oxEx150 [pKK11; EK L15] and lin-15(n765ts) oxEx267[pKK11; EK L15] were generated in this manner. We generated unc-119(ed3 ...
... mutants (Mello et al., 1991). F1 progeny with a wild-type vulval phenotype were selected and scored for GFP expression using fluorescence microscopy. unc-119(ed3); lin-15(n765ts) oxEx150 [pKK11; EK L15] and lin-15(n765ts) oxEx267[pKK11; EK L15] were generated in this manner. We generated unc-119(ed3 ...
Visual Processing in the Primate Brain
... behavior will be emphasized and those aspects that carry little information will be discarded. Vision begins at the eye with light passing through the cornea (refracts light), pupil (controls how much light enters the eye), and the lens (adjustably focuses light) onto the retina at the back of the e ...
... behavior will be emphasized and those aspects that carry little information will be discarded. Vision begins at the eye with light passing through the cornea (refracts light), pupil (controls how much light enters the eye), and the lens (adjustably focuses light) onto the retina at the back of the e ...
IEMs Emergency Management
... HPX • Clinical: – Exaggerated startle reaction. – Hypertonia ( decrease in sleep). – violent flexor spasms of limbs and neck muscles. elicited by tapping the tip of the nose. – SIDS has been reported. – Intellect is usually normal. ...
... HPX • Clinical: – Exaggerated startle reaction. – Hypertonia ( decrease in sleep). – violent flexor spasms of limbs and neck muscles. elicited by tapping the tip of the nose. – SIDS has been reported. – Intellect is usually normal. ...
18 Coordination in Behavior and Cognition
... the form of control parameters in a dynamical system. For example, candidate control parameters in neural circuits include neuromodulators and synaptic drive. A circuit may be capable of operating in distinctly different stable modes and switching between them depending on the level of synaptic driv ...
... the form of control parameters in a dynamical system. For example, candidate control parameters in neural circuits include neuromodulators and synaptic drive. A circuit may be capable of operating in distinctly different stable modes and switching between them depending on the level of synaptic driv ...
Sodium-Coupled Neurotransmitter Transporters Baruch I. Kanner* and Elia Zomot
... Generally, transporters function by exposing their binding sites alternately to either side of the membrane, catching up their cargo on one side and releasing it on the other. A widely accepted theory proposes that this can be accomplished using two gates, with only one open at a time, just like loc ...
... Generally, transporters function by exposing their binding sites alternately to either side of the membrane, catching up their cargo on one side and releasing it on the other. A widely accepted theory proposes that this can be accomplished using two gates, with only one open at a time, just like loc ...
Neural representation of object orientation: A dissociation between
... behaviorally more confusable OPA reflections would elicit a greater degree of RS than EVA reflections. However, this prediction was not confirmed in either LO or pFs. Neither region showed any difference in RS between OPA and EVA reflections. In pFs, both OPA and EVA reflections induced RS relative to th ...
... behaviorally more confusable OPA reflections would elicit a greater degree of RS than EVA reflections. However, this prediction was not confirmed in either LO or pFs. Neither region showed any difference in RS between OPA and EVA reflections. In pFs, both OPA and EVA reflections induced RS relative to th ...
Neural tube defects and abnormal brain development in F52
... manifest severe neural tube defects that are not associated with other complex malformations, a phenotype reminiscent of common human neural tube defects. The neural tube defects observed include both exencephaly and spina bifida, and the phenotype exhibits partial penetrance with about 60% of homoz ...
... manifest severe neural tube defects that are not associated with other complex malformations, a phenotype reminiscent of common human neural tube defects. The neural tube defects observed include both exencephaly and spina bifida, and the phenotype exhibits partial penetrance with about 60% of homoz ...
Autonomic Nervous System
... • All postganglionic PsNS fibers release ACH • Most postganglionic SNS fibers release norepinephrine • Can be stimulatory or inhibitory based on receptor types ...
... • All postganglionic PsNS fibers release ACH • Most postganglionic SNS fibers release norepinephrine • Can be stimulatory or inhibitory based on receptor types ...
neuroanatomy - NC State Veterinary Medicine
... spinotectal tract- move neck (head and eyes) towards movements Tegmentum The tegmentum is the ventral mesencephalon. Some definitions exclude the crus cerebri. This area is the location of several LMN nuclei associated with eye functions. In addition, there are pathways passing through this region, ...
... spinotectal tract- move neck (head and eyes) towards movements Tegmentum The tegmentum is the ventral mesencephalon. Some definitions exclude the crus cerebri. This area is the location of several LMN nuclei associated with eye functions. In addition, there are pathways passing through this region, ...
Preferred visually evoked spatial and temporal frequencies in
... The primary visual cortex is the first cortical area in the visual processing pathway. Neurons in the primary visual cortex respond well to sinusoidal drifting gratings across a range of different spatial and temporal frequencies. Most studies of single neurons in rat primary visual cortex have been ...
... The primary visual cortex is the first cortical area in the visual processing pathway. Neurons in the primary visual cortex respond well to sinusoidal drifting gratings across a range of different spatial and temporal frequencies. Most studies of single neurons in rat primary visual cortex have been ...
Introduction
... Antidepressant medication can be used as an initial treatment modality by patients with mild, moderate, or severe major depressive disorder. Clinical features that may suggest that medication is the preferred treatment modality include history of prior positive response to antidepressant medications ...
... Antidepressant medication can be used as an initial treatment modality by patients with mild, moderate, or severe major depressive disorder. Clinical features that may suggest that medication is the preferred treatment modality include history of prior positive response to antidepressant medications ...
Lateral Hypothalamus Contains Two Types of Palatability
... of LH drives both voracious eating (Hoebel and Teitelbaum, 1962; Margules and Olds, 1962) and production of orofacial behaviors typically associated with aversive tastes (Berridge and Valenstein, 1991). It is reasonable to suggest that LH may play a role in processing the hedonic quality of taste st ...
... of LH drives both voracious eating (Hoebel and Teitelbaum, 1962; Margules and Olds, 1962) and production of orofacial behaviors typically associated with aversive tastes (Berridge and Valenstein, 1991). It is reasonable to suggest that LH may play a role in processing the hedonic quality of taste st ...
Thalamic POm projections to the dorsolateral striatum of rats
... sections were divided into three series. The first series was processed for cytochrome oxidase to reveal thalamic cytoarchitecture (Land and Simons 1985; Wong-Riley 1979). The second series was processed for BDA as described before (Alloway et al. 1998; Kincaid and Wilson 1996). These sections were ...
... sections were divided into three series. The first series was processed for cytochrome oxidase to reveal thalamic cytoarchitecture (Land and Simons 1985; Wong-Riley 1979). The second series was processed for BDA as described before (Alloway et al. 1998; Kincaid and Wilson 1996). These sections were ...
Zwicker Tone Illusion and Noise Reduction in the Auditory System
... ‘‘spectral gap’’ in the auditory-nerve activity. A common type of central tinnitus develops over days following peripheral hearing loss, and the perceived pitch of the illusionary pure tone often matches frequencies of the hearing loss— similar to the relation between a notchednoise stimulus and the ...
... ‘‘spectral gap’’ in the auditory-nerve activity. A common type of central tinnitus develops over days following peripheral hearing loss, and the perceived pitch of the illusionary pure tone often matches frequencies of the hearing loss— similar to the relation between a notchednoise stimulus and the ...
Clinical neurochemistry
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Neuron_with_mHtt_inclusion.jpg?width=300)
Clinical neurochemistry is the field of neurological biochemistry which relates biochemical phenomena to clinical symptomatic manifestations in humans. While neurochemistry is mostly associated with the effects of neurotransmitters and similarly-functioning chemicals on neurons themselves, clinical neurochemistry relates these phenomena to system-wide symptoms. Clinical neurochemistry is related to neurogenesis, neuromodulation, neuroplasticity, neuroendocrinology, and neuroimmunology in the context of associating neurological findings at both lower and higher level organismal functions.