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... • Receives afferents from dorsal roots via the dorsal funiculus • At rostral end of spinal cord, laminas I-IV become continuous with the spinal trigeminal nucleus ...
... • Receives afferents from dorsal roots via the dorsal funiculus • At rostral end of spinal cord, laminas I-IV become continuous with the spinal trigeminal nucleus ...
Reward Systems in the Brain and Nutrition
... magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in humans indicate that taste activates an area of the anterior insula/frontal operculum, which is probably the primary taste cortex (24, 43, 82, 163, 167). This area is generally found at coordinates between Y = 10 and Y = 20. Figure 3 illustrates the primary taste ...
... magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in humans indicate that taste activates an area of the anterior insula/frontal operculum, which is probably the primary taste cortex (24, 43, 82, 163, 167). This area is generally found at coordinates between Y = 10 and Y = 20. Figure 3 illustrates the primary taste ...
Thesis - HuVetA
... hypothalamus, thus continuously imposing a limit to the functional intensity of the two basic types (excitation-inhibition) of neuronal functions. Today, it is generally accepted that the aforementioned synaptic plasticity is responsible for the final shaping of the patterns detectable in hypothalam ...
... hypothalamus, thus continuously imposing a limit to the functional intensity of the two basic types (excitation-inhibition) of neuronal functions. Today, it is generally accepted that the aforementioned synaptic plasticity is responsible for the final shaping of the patterns detectable in hypothalam ...
Interaction between calmodulin and ER
... blocking interaction with coactivators. Gene transcription is thus inhibited. ...
... blocking interaction with coactivators. Gene transcription is thus inhibited. ...
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... D) It affects about 1.5 million Americans. E) It involves an excess of the neurotransmitter glutamate. ANS: E REF: 43 MOD: Module 2-1 Neurons: The Body’s Wiring MSC: factual OBJ: 2.2 KEY: Evaluate/Explain ...
... D) It affects about 1.5 million Americans. E) It involves an excess of the neurotransmitter glutamate. ANS: E REF: 43 MOD: Module 2-1 Neurons: The Body’s Wiring MSC: factual OBJ: 2.2 KEY: Evaluate/Explain ...
Barrel cortex function - Brain Research Institute
... Elucidating the function of cortical networks requires an interplay between anatomical and physiological analyses, as has been emphasized repeatedly by earlier reviews of cortical function (e.g. Douglas and Martin, 2007; O’Connor et al., 2009). Such an interactive approach will provide mechanistic i ...
... Elucidating the function of cortical networks requires an interplay between anatomical and physiological analyses, as has been emphasized repeatedly by earlier reviews of cortical function (e.g. Douglas and Martin, 2007; O’Connor et al., 2009). Such an interactive approach will provide mechanistic i ...
Zhang Yufeng - USD Biology
... Impulsivity task • Go/No-go task – assesses the ability of subjects to withhold a prepotent response on a small subset of discrete ‘nogo’ trials, which are signalled by a discriminative ...
... Impulsivity task • Go/No-go task – assesses the ability of subjects to withhold a prepotent response on a small subset of discrete ‘nogo’ trials, which are signalled by a discriminative ...
Macrophages Promote Axon Regeneration with Concurrent Neurotoxicity
... a graded column of activated microglia and macrophages emanating from a zymosan injection site (A, B, D, green). Phagocytic monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) occupy the center of the injection site (see also Fig. 8) (Popovich et al., 2002). Activated microglia (blue) lie adjacent to MDMs and form ...
... a graded column of activated microglia and macrophages emanating from a zymosan injection site (A, B, D, green). Phagocytic monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) occupy the center of the injection site (see also Fig. 8) (Popovich et al., 2002). Activated microglia (blue) lie adjacent to MDMs and form ...
An Analysis of Free-Will - ScholarWorks at WMU
... electrical signal and elicit a response. All of these processes occur in less than a second and involve multiple muscles (and therefore multiple neurons) for most actions. Once the given environmental stimulus acts on the receptors, the reflexive movement is determined. ...
... electrical signal and elicit a response. All of these processes occur in less than a second and involve multiple muscles (and therefore multiple neurons) for most actions. Once the given environmental stimulus acts on the receptors, the reflexive movement is determined. ...
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... a) occipital; lobitical b) oligodendrocytes; Schwann cells c) occipital; Schwann d) oligodendrocytes; lobitical 2. ____________neurotransmitters make it more likely that a neuron will send its message to other neurons, whereas _____________ neurotransmitters make it less likely that a neuron will se ...
... a) occipital; lobitical b) oligodendrocytes; Schwann cells c) occipital; Schwann d) oligodendrocytes; lobitical 2. ____________neurotransmitters make it more likely that a neuron will send its message to other neurons, whereas _____________ neurotransmitters make it less likely that a neuron will se ...
Aggression in Drosophila - American Psychological Association
... and aggression using ebony mutants in which -alanine is not inserted into developing cuticles, and black variants showing reduced synthesis of -alanine (Jacobs, 1978). Fifteen years later a more complete description of aggression and its relationship to courtship success in D. melanogaster was pub ...
... and aggression using ebony mutants in which -alanine is not inserted into developing cuticles, and black variants showing reduced synthesis of -alanine (Jacobs, 1978). Fifteen years later a more complete description of aggression and its relationship to courtship success in D. melanogaster was pub ...
Cholinergic Cells and Pathways
... Israel Hanin, Don Jenden, and Bo Holmstedt (see Hanin and Goldberg, 1976) is commonly used today; it is sensitive at a nanogram level.1 Finally, when Maurice Israel and his associates wished to prove an unorthodox concept of ACh release, they needed an ultrasensitive ACh measurement method to prove ...
... Israel Hanin, Don Jenden, and Bo Holmstedt (see Hanin and Goldberg, 1976) is commonly used today; it is sensitive at a nanogram level.1 Finally, when Maurice Israel and his associates wished to prove an unorthodox concept of ACh release, they needed an ultrasensitive ACh measurement method to prove ...
Structural and functional architecture of respiratory networks in the
... Neural circuits controlling breathing in mammals are organized within serially arrayed and functionally interacting brainstem compartments extending from the pons to the lower medulla. The core circuit components that constitute the neural machinery for generating respiratory rhythm and shaping insp ...
... Neural circuits controlling breathing in mammals are organized within serially arrayed and functionally interacting brainstem compartments extending from the pons to the lower medulla. The core circuit components that constitute the neural machinery for generating respiratory rhythm and shaping insp ...
Protein for Athletes
... protein is needed each day,2 although others dispute this claim. In addition to possible growth of muscle, protein is a highly versatile nutrient and is involved in other functions that are crucial to sports performance: cell regulation, muscle repair, immune function, neurological function, nutrien ...
... protein is needed each day,2 although others dispute this claim. In addition to possible growth of muscle, protein is a highly versatile nutrient and is involved in other functions that are crucial to sports performance: cell regulation, muscle repair, immune function, neurological function, nutrien ...
Biochi~ic~a - ScienceDirect
... are known as the muscle, liver and brain isozymes. The muscle form has been assigned to the long arm of chromosome 11 by high resolution chromosome sorting and DNA spot-blot analysis [4]. The liver form is encoded on chromosome 14 [5] and the brain form maps to chromosome 20 and to an homologous seq ...
... are known as the muscle, liver and brain isozymes. The muscle form has been assigned to the long arm of chromosome 11 by high resolution chromosome sorting and DNA spot-blot analysis [4]. The liver form is encoded on chromosome 14 [5] and the brain form maps to chromosome 20 and to an homologous seq ...
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... distribution of molecules. These form axes (Animal/Veg, D/V, Ant/Post) that guide the movement of embryonic cells. ...
... distribution of molecules. These form axes (Animal/Veg, D/V, Ant/Post) that guide the movement of embryonic cells. ...
Audition, the Body Senses, and the Chemical Senses
... • Mediated by pathways reaching the prefrontal cortex. Patients with prefrontal damage are _____________ with the implications of chronic pain for healthfullness ...
... • Mediated by pathways reaching the prefrontal cortex. Patients with prefrontal damage are _____________ with the implications of chronic pain for healthfullness ...
Neuronal Activity and Ion Homeostasis in the Hypoxic Brain
... modeling the dynamics of excitotoxicity and neuronal depolarization, i.e. the overstimulation and subsequent depolarization of neurons by extracellular potassium and glutamate, that are released following ischemia. The intended mechanism of several proposed neuroprotective agents is to reduce excito ...
... modeling the dynamics of excitotoxicity and neuronal depolarization, i.e. the overstimulation and subsequent depolarization of neurons by extracellular potassium and glutamate, that are released following ischemia. The intended mechanism of several proposed neuroprotective agents is to reduce excito ...
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... hook-shaped nerve (Fig. 4G). All mutants (n=13 nerves) displayed spinal accessory nerve abnormalities in at least one side of the body, but the phenotype remained variable. In mildly affected nerves a few axons wander ventrally (Fig. 4H), whereas in more severe cases entire segments of the nerve bra ...
... hook-shaped nerve (Fig. 4G). All mutants (n=13 nerves) displayed spinal accessory nerve abnormalities in at least one side of the body, but the phenotype remained variable. In mildly affected nerves a few axons wander ventrally (Fig. 4H), whereas in more severe cases entire segments of the nerve bra ...
Active Placebo - Munin
... treatment response, e.g. the response to the pharmacological action of a drug, and the placebo response. Previous research indicate that the total treatment effect is modulated by placebo and nocebo responses, such that placebo responses increase the treatment effect and nocebo responses decrease it ...
... treatment response, e.g. the response to the pharmacological action of a drug, and the placebo response. Previous research indicate that the total treatment effect is modulated by placebo and nocebo responses, such that placebo responses increase the treatment effect and nocebo responses decrease it ...
A transcription factor network controls cell migration
... This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed. ...
... This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution and reproduction in any medium provided that the original work is properly attributed. ...
Somatostatin-Expressing Inhibitory Interneurons in Cortical Circuits
... Cortical inhibitory neurons exhibit remarkable diversity in their morphology, connectivity, and synaptic properties. Here, we review the function of somatostatin-expressing (SOM) inhibitory interneurons, focusing largely on sensory cortex. SOM neurons also comprise a number of subpopulations that ca ...
... Cortical inhibitory neurons exhibit remarkable diversity in their morphology, connectivity, and synaptic properties. Here, we review the function of somatostatin-expressing (SOM) inhibitory interneurons, focusing largely on sensory cortex. SOM neurons also comprise a number of subpopulations that ca ...
Separate Representations of Target and Timing Cue Locations in
... the occurrence of each of these events was therefore predictable. In the memory-guided saccade task, in contrast, these events followed variable intervals ( fixation, 1,000 –1,300 ms; memory, 700 – 1,000 ms) and the occurrence of these events was thus not predictable. The timing-cue and target locat ...
... the occurrence of each of these events was therefore predictable. In the memory-guided saccade task, in contrast, these events followed variable intervals ( fixation, 1,000 –1,300 ms; memory, 700 – 1,000 ms) and the occurrence of these events was thus not predictable. The timing-cue and target locat ...
Search Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School The
... wave propagation (25). Sequential intercellular propagation of calcium waves may occur as a consequence of the relative combined effects of intercellular Ca2+ and/or InsP3 transmission and coincident neurotransmitter stimulation from overlapping domains of synaptic influence. Varieties of calcium wa ...
... wave propagation (25). Sequential intercellular propagation of calcium waves may occur as a consequence of the relative combined effects of intercellular Ca2+ and/or InsP3 transmission and coincident neurotransmitter stimulation from overlapping domains of synaptic influence. Varieties of calcium wa ...
Hrk/DP5 contributes to the apoptosis of select neuronal populations
... Hrk+/– 100, Hrk–/– 60). Their appearance, fertility and behaviour were indistinguishable from control littermates up to 2 years of age. Both Hrk–/– males and females had normal body weights and weight of major organs (liver, lung, heart, thymus, spleen and kidney). Histological analysis of these and ...
... Hrk+/– 100, Hrk–/– 60). Their appearance, fertility and behaviour were indistinguishable from control littermates up to 2 years of age. Both Hrk–/– males and females had normal body weights and weight of major organs (liver, lung, heart, thymus, spleen and kidney). Histological analysis of these and ...
Clinical neurochemistry
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Clinical neurochemistry is the field of neurological biochemistry which relates biochemical phenomena to clinical symptomatic manifestations in humans. While neurochemistry is mostly associated with the effects of neurotransmitters and similarly-functioning chemicals on neurons themselves, clinical neurochemistry relates these phenomena to system-wide symptoms. Clinical neurochemistry is related to neurogenesis, neuromodulation, neuroplasticity, neuroendocrinology, and neuroimmunology in the context of associating neurological findings at both lower and higher level organismal functions.