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Axonal wiring of guanylate cyclase-D
... The main and accessory olfactory systems of the mouse detect a large variety of chemical stimuli from the external environment. Chemoreception is mediated by several types of receptor molecules that are expressed by specialized sensory neurons (Axel, 2005; Buck, 2005; Mombaerts, 2004). The informati ...
... The main and accessory olfactory systems of the mouse detect a large variety of chemical stimuli from the external environment. Chemoreception is mediated by several types of receptor molecules that are expressed by specialized sensory neurons (Axel, 2005; Buck, 2005; Mombaerts, 2004). The informati ...
Serotonin in the inferior colliculus fluctuates with behavioral state
... variability in 5-HT regulatory mechanisms means that in order to determine the conditions in which 5-HT has an elevated effect on auditory processing, extracellular 5-HT must be measured directly within the auditory system. Concentrations of extracellular 5-HT in the brain are not only region-specif ...
... variability in 5-HT regulatory mechanisms means that in order to determine the conditions in which 5-HT has an elevated effect on auditory processing, extracellular 5-HT must be measured directly within the auditory system. Concentrations of extracellular 5-HT in the brain are not only region-specif ...
Visual Stimulation Regulates the Expression of Transcription Factors
... Figure 1. The levels of ZIF 268 DNA-binding activity in nuclear extracts from visual cortex of rats exposed to different light conditions. A, EMSA reactions were made using 20 pg of nuclear extracts from two different animals for each condition. The retarded bands in the level marked Z represent the ...
... Figure 1. The levels of ZIF 268 DNA-binding activity in nuclear extracts from visual cortex of rats exposed to different light conditions. A, EMSA reactions were made using 20 pg of nuclear extracts from two different animals for each condition. The retarded bands in the level marked Z represent the ...
The functional role of the parieto-frontal mirror circuit
... action observation and action execution is not sufficient to prove the existence of the mirror mechanism in humans25. Instead, they have suggested that, in humans, motor areas have distinct, segregated populations of visual and motor neurons, the visual neurons discharging during action observation ...
... action observation and action execution is not sufficient to prove the existence of the mirror mechanism in humans25. Instead, they have suggested that, in humans, motor areas have distinct, segregated populations of visual and motor neurons, the visual neurons discharging during action observation ...
File
... system. The concentration gradient of each of these ions across the membrane helps determine the voltage of the membrane potential. Second, the quantitative importance of each of the ions in determining the voltage is proportional to the membrane permeability for that particular ion. That is, if th ...
... system. The concentration gradient of each of these ions across the membrane helps determine the voltage of the membrane potential. Second, the quantitative importance of each of the ions in determining the voltage is proportional to the membrane permeability for that particular ion. That is, if th ...
Vestibular Signals in the Parasolitary Nucleus
... the uvula-nodulus of the cerebellum where they terminate on granule cells. In this report we describe the physiological properties of neurons in a “new” vestibular nucleus, the parasolitary nucleus (Psol). This nucleus consists of 2,300 GABAergic neurons that project onto the ipsilateral inferior ol ...
... the uvula-nodulus of the cerebellum where they terminate on granule cells. In this report we describe the physiological properties of neurons in a “new” vestibular nucleus, the parasolitary nucleus (Psol). This nucleus consists of 2,300 GABAergic neurons that project onto the ipsilateral inferior ol ...
Brca1 is required for embryonic development of the mouse cerebral
... To examine the effects of conditional Brca1 ablation on the neocortex, we first analyzed the size and gross morphology of the P4.5 brain. Compared with the control, Brca1-ablated brains showed a reduction in size specific to the cerebral cortex (Fig. 1C). The whole-brain weight of Brca1-ablated mice ...
... To examine the effects of conditional Brca1 ablation on the neocortex, we first analyzed the size and gross morphology of the P4.5 brain. Compared with the control, Brca1-ablated brains showed a reduction in size specific to the cerebral cortex (Fig. 1C). The whole-brain weight of Brca1-ablated mice ...
Lecture 6: Single neuron models
... McCulloch and Pitts knew that spikes (action potential) somehow carry information through the brain: each spike would represent a binary 1 each lack of spike would represent a binary 0 They showed how spikes could be combined to do logical and arithmetical operations From modern perspective there is ...
... McCulloch and Pitts knew that spikes (action potential) somehow carry information through the brain: each spike would represent a binary 1 each lack of spike would represent a binary 0 They showed how spikes could be combined to do logical and arithmetical operations From modern perspective there is ...
Postnatal Development of the Corticospinal Tract in the Reeler Mouse
... Corticospinal tract (CST) neurons are located in layer V of the motor cortex, and send their axons to the spinal motoneurons, directly (5, 23) or indirectly (2, 35). The CST forms the longest axonal projection in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). The development of CST axons is the latest ...
... Corticospinal tract (CST) neurons are located in layer V of the motor cortex, and send their axons to the spinal motoneurons, directly (5, 23) or indirectly (2, 35). The CST forms the longest axonal projection in the mammalian central nervous system (CNS). The development of CST axons is the latest ...
Optophysiological analysis of associational circuits in the olfactory
... Price, 1983b; Piredda and Gale, 1985; Behan and Haberly, 1999; Ekstrand et al., 2001; Neville and Haberly, 2004), but information at the level of cellular connectivity remains scarce (Franks and Isaacson, 2005; Wiegand et al., 2011). Modern molecular biological and viral techniques promise to yield ...
... Price, 1983b; Piredda and Gale, 1985; Behan and Haberly, 1999; Ekstrand et al., 2001; Neville and Haberly, 2004), but information at the level of cellular connectivity remains scarce (Franks and Isaacson, 2005; Wiegand et al., 2011). Modern molecular biological and viral techniques promise to yield ...
IMD Program List of Disorders, Covered Drugs
... Foods (IMD program list). Membership of the subcommittee consists of metabolic and genetic specialists from each of the Ontario Newborn Screening Program regional treatment centres and the University Health Network, a pharmacist and a dietitian. The subcommittee will then make funding recommendation ...
... Foods (IMD program list). Membership of the subcommittee consists of metabolic and genetic specialists from each of the Ontario Newborn Screening Program regional treatment centres and the University Health Network, a pharmacist and a dietitian. The subcommittee will then make funding recommendation ...
What the Science Says About Magnesium Stearate
... magnesium stearate impacts absorption of nutrients. In fact, this paper examines crospovidone, an excipient used to help drugs (ketorolac tromethamine in this case) dissolve in water. The findings of this study are only relevant to food, supplements or drugs containing crospovidone. It has no bearin ...
... magnesium stearate impacts absorption of nutrients. In fact, this paper examines crospovidone, an excipient used to help drugs (ketorolac tromethamine in this case) dissolve in water. The findings of this study are only relevant to food, supplements or drugs containing crospovidone. It has no bearin ...
gaba-mediated inhibition correlates with orientation selectivity in
... Sohya et al., 2007) indicated that suppression of neural responses to nonoptimal stimuli, induced by broad inhibition, plays an important role in the generation of sharp orientation selectivity. However, previous work only focused on the presence of inhibition in the generation of sharp orientation ...
... Sohya et al., 2007) indicated that suppression of neural responses to nonoptimal stimuli, induced by broad inhibition, plays an important role in the generation of sharp orientation selectivity. However, previous work only focused on the presence of inhibition in the generation of sharp orientation ...
Everitt et al. (2000) in The Amygdala - Rudolf Cardinal
... There is perhaps a tendency to assume that the amygdala alone is involved in associations between environmental stimuli and reinforcing events, especially in studies of aversive conditioning. However, not only is it clear that some forms of fear-motivated learning, such as aversive eye-blink conditi ...
... There is perhaps a tendency to assume that the amygdala alone is involved in associations between environmental stimuli and reinforcing events, especially in studies of aversive conditioning. However, not only is it clear that some forms of fear-motivated learning, such as aversive eye-blink conditi ...
Goals of Explaining Brain Functions Underlying Anxiety Disorders
... The Amygdala • Almond-shaped structure that serves as an “alarm system” in the brain • Other functions, too, but scans for danger signals • Capable of turning on the Fight/Flight/Freeze Response in a matter of milliseconds • The amygdala has extensive connections – can influence sympathetic nervous ...
... The Amygdala • Almond-shaped structure that serves as an “alarm system” in the brain • Other functions, too, but scans for danger signals • Capable of turning on the Fight/Flight/Freeze Response in a matter of milliseconds • The amygdala has extensive connections – can influence sympathetic nervous ...
Background - Harvard University
... the feeling of its going down the throat, or the rise in blood sugar subsequent to its digestion that makes it a reward and has one come back for more? Which of these events constitutes the primary rewarding effect, and do different objects draw their rewarding effects from different events (Wise 20 ...
... the feeling of its going down the throat, or the rise in blood sugar subsequent to its digestion that makes it a reward and has one come back for more? Which of these events constitutes the primary rewarding effect, and do different objects draw their rewarding effects from different events (Wise 20 ...
Electronic Realization of Human Brain`s Neo
... Considerable progress made in neuro-morphic engineering is not yet developed enough to get close to VLSI mimicry of the brain power efficiency. The brain consisting of 1010 neurons with 1014 neural connections is a very power efficient system that is still the most complex system to date [16]. Compa ...
... Considerable progress made in neuro-morphic engineering is not yet developed enough to get close to VLSI mimicry of the brain power efficiency. The brain consisting of 1010 neurons with 1014 neural connections is a very power efficient system that is still the most complex system to date [16]. Compa ...
Modulating the cobalt redox potential through imidazole hydrogen
... to cobyric acid. The resulting intramolecular coordination complex is an excellent structural model of its natural archetype, according to 2D 1H-NMR studies and molecular modeling. The effect of deprotonation of the axially coordinating imidazole ligand – as proposed for natural cofactor complexes – ...
... to cobyric acid. The resulting intramolecular coordination complex is an excellent structural model of its natural archetype, according to 2D 1H-NMR studies and molecular modeling. The effect of deprotonation of the axially coordinating imidazole ligand – as proposed for natural cofactor complexes – ...
Preferential Termination of Corticorubral Axons on Spine
... During brain development, growth cones navigate through a complex environment to reach their target. Recent studies have revealed various kinds of interactions during growth cone navigation (for review, see Dodd and Jessel, 1988; Goodman and Shatz, 1993; Goodman, 1996), but relatively little is know ...
... During brain development, growth cones navigate through a complex environment to reach their target. Recent studies have revealed various kinds of interactions during growth cone navigation (for review, see Dodd and Jessel, 1988; Goodman and Shatz, 1993; Goodman, 1996), but relatively little is know ...
- University of East Anglia
... of Robuvit, a water extract obtained from the wood of Quercus robur, showing that it is associated with decrease of markers of oxidative stress and increase of activity of antioxidant enzymes and total antioxidant capacity of plasma. As reactive oxygen species (ROS) are strongly associated also with ...
... of Robuvit, a water extract obtained from the wood of Quercus robur, showing that it is associated with decrease of markers of oxidative stress and increase of activity of antioxidant enzymes and total antioxidant capacity of plasma. As reactive oxygen species (ROS) are strongly associated also with ...
The initiation phase of protein synthesis in eukaryotes
... convex surface of eIF4E and adopts an extended L-shaped conformation; (C) the eIF4GII peptide (red) also adopts an extended L-shaped conformation when binding ...
... convex surface of eIF4E and adopts an extended L-shaped conformation; (C) the eIF4GII peptide (red) also adopts an extended L-shaped conformation when binding ...
Choice Coding in Frontal Cortex during Stimulus
... choices, the animal may learn to make a specific response when a specific pair of pictures is presented (a stimulus–response association). Reward-predictive neural activity could then reflect an AO association, indicating knowledge of the reward that is associated with that response. A second proble ...
... choices, the animal may learn to make a specific response when a specific pair of pictures is presented (a stimulus–response association). Reward-predictive neural activity could then reflect an AO association, indicating knowledge of the reward that is associated with that response. A second proble ...
Transgenic Mice for Intersectional Targeting of Neural Sensors and
... fluorescent proteins, genetically encoded calcium, voltage, or glutamate indicators, and optogenetic effectors, all at substantially higher levels than before. High functionality was shown in example mouse lines for GCaMP6, YCX2.60, VSFP Butterfly 1.2, and Jaws. These novel transgenic lines greatly ...
... fluorescent proteins, genetically encoded calcium, voltage, or glutamate indicators, and optogenetic effectors, all at substantially higher levels than before. High functionality was shown in example mouse lines for GCaMP6, YCX2.60, VSFP Butterfly 1.2, and Jaws. These novel transgenic lines greatly ...
Synchronous vs. Conjunctive Binding: A False Dichotomy? Robert F. Hadley ()
... proliferation of nodes attributed to conjunctive coding. Evidence for the role of synchronously firing neurons in sensory feature binding is substantial (Singer, 1999), and synchronous firing has been used as a basis for variable binding in some models of inference, including SHRUTI (Shastri and Ajj ...
... proliferation of nodes attributed to conjunctive coding. Evidence for the role of synchronously firing neurons in sensory feature binding is substantial (Singer, 1999), and synchronous firing has been used as a basis for variable binding in some models of inference, including SHRUTI (Shastri and Ajj ...
Clinical neurochemistry
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Neuron_with_mHtt_inclusion.jpg?width=300)
Clinical neurochemistry is the field of neurological biochemistry which relates biochemical phenomena to clinical symptomatic manifestations in humans. While neurochemistry is mostly associated with the effects of neurotransmitters and similarly-functioning chemicals on neurons themselves, clinical neurochemistry relates these phenomena to system-wide symptoms. Clinical neurochemistry is related to neurogenesis, neuromodulation, neuroplasticity, neuroendocrinology, and neuroimmunology in the context of associating neurological findings at both lower and higher level organismal functions.