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... receptor (p75 ), a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF) superfamily. Neurotrophins are under current investigation for their involvement in physiological and pathological conditions. Previously published literature points them out as promising therapeutic agents. In this thesis, an imm ...
Axonal morphometry of hippocampal pyramidal neurons semi
... 1998). In particular, axonal arbors of pyramidal cells in area CA3 are much more extensive than their dendritic counterparts, reaching out to hundreds of thousands of potential post-synaptic targets (Ishizuka et al. 1990; Li et al. 1994; Wittner et al. 2007). The CA3 region emanates the richest netw ...
... 1998). In particular, axonal arbors of pyramidal cells in area CA3 are much more extensive than their dendritic counterparts, reaching out to hundreds of thousands of potential post-synaptic targets (Ishizuka et al. 1990; Li et al. 1994; Wittner et al. 2007). The CA3 region emanates the richest netw ...
Neuronal basis of sequential foraging decisions in a
... relative value of leaving a depleting resource for a new one. Neurons fired during each sequential decision to stay in a patch and, for each travel time, these responses reached a fixed threshold for patch-leaving. Longer travel times reduced the gain of neural responses for choosing to stay in a pa ...
... relative value of leaving a depleting resource for a new one. Neurons fired during each sequential decision to stay in a patch and, for each travel time, these responses reached a fixed threshold for patch-leaving. Longer travel times reduced the gain of neural responses for choosing to stay in a pa ...
Cortical Motor Organization, Mirror Neurons, and
... Mirror neurons were first discovered in area F5 (see Fig.1A) of the monkey ventral premotor cortex (Di Pellegrino et al. 1992; Gallese et al. 1996; Ferrari et al. 2003) and then in area PFG in the rostral part of the inferior parietal lobule (Gallese et al. 2002; Fogassi et al. 2005; Rozzi et al. 20 ...
... Mirror neurons were first discovered in area F5 (see Fig.1A) of the monkey ventral premotor cortex (Di Pellegrino et al. 1992; Gallese et al. 1996; Ferrari et al. 2003) and then in area PFG in the rostral part of the inferior parietal lobule (Gallese et al. 2002; Fogassi et al. 2005; Rozzi et al. 20 ...
To maintain homeostasis, cells must work together in a co
... contraction of muscle cells in your big toe. If you want to wiggle your big toe, commands are sent from your brain down your spinal cord to initiate an action potential at the beginning of this nerve cell, which is located in the spinal cord. This action potential travels in undiminishing fashion al ...
... contraction of muscle cells in your big toe. If you want to wiggle your big toe, commands are sent from your brain down your spinal cord to initiate an action potential at the beginning of this nerve cell, which is located in the spinal cord. This action potential travels in undiminishing fashion al ...
Proprioceptive Eye Position Signals Are Still Missing a Sensory
... of the number of palisade ending axons that have motor terminals on MIFs are likely underestimates. Unfortunately, the authors did not provide an additional analysis based on examination of tracerpositive populations. Therefore, it remains unclear whether most axons would be expected to make motor c ...
... of the number of palisade ending axons that have motor terminals on MIFs are likely underestimates. Unfortunately, the authors did not provide an additional analysis based on examination of tracerpositive populations. Therefore, it remains unclear whether most axons would be expected to make motor c ...
THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF VISUAL-SACCADIC DECISION MAKING
... first class included only those behaviors that are fully deterministic with regard to events in the immediate sensory environment, behaviors that predictably link stereotyped sensory stimuli with simple motor responses. Their simple deterministic nature suggested to Descartes that, for these behavio ...
... first class included only those behaviors that are fully deterministic with regard to events in the immediate sensory environment, behaviors that predictably link stereotyped sensory stimuli with simple motor responses. Their simple deterministic nature suggested to Descartes that, for these behavio ...
Supranuclear control of ocular motility
... Several cortical areas are engaged in ocular motor control. Although these areas traditionally are viewed as an assortment of “centers” in which each is concerned with a separate function, it seems that parallel distributed processing of various inputs is required to accomplish real-life gaze shifts ...
... Several cortical areas are engaged in ocular motor control. Although these areas traditionally are viewed as an assortment of “centers” in which each is concerned with a separate function, it seems that parallel distributed processing of various inputs is required to accomplish real-life gaze shifts ...
Paper - Wharton Marketing
... relative value of leaving a depleting resource for a new one. Neurons fired during each sequential decision to stay in a patch and, for each travel time, these responses reached a fixed threshold for patch-leaving. Longer travel times reduced the gain of neural responses for choosing to stay in a pa ...
... relative value of leaving a depleting resource for a new one. Neurons fired during each sequential decision to stay in a patch and, for each travel time, these responses reached a fixed threshold for patch-leaving. Longer travel times reduced the gain of neural responses for choosing to stay in a pa ...
Identification of the Neuropeptide Transmitter Proctolin in Drosophila
... this method, Witten and O’Shea(1985) surveyed the legmuscles of the cockroach and identified musclebundles innervated by a specific peptidergic motoneuron. We reasonedthat if similar motoneuronal transmitter specializationsoccur in Drosophila, muscle fibers with peptidergic neuromuscularjunctions co ...
... this method, Witten and O’Shea(1985) surveyed the legmuscles of the cockroach and identified musclebundles innervated by a specific peptidergic motoneuron. We reasonedthat if similar motoneuronal transmitter specializationsoccur in Drosophila, muscle fibers with peptidergic neuromuscularjunctions co ...
Synaptic Integration of Olfactory Information in Mouse Anterior
... Individual odorants activate only a small fraction of mitral cells in the mouse main olfactory bulb (MOB). Odor mixtures are represented by a combination of activated mitral cells, forming reproducible activation maps in the olfactory bulb. However, how the activation of a cohort of narrowly tuned m ...
... Individual odorants activate only a small fraction of mitral cells in the mouse main olfactory bulb (MOB). Odor mixtures are represented by a combination of activated mitral cells, forming reproducible activation maps in the olfactory bulb. However, how the activation of a cohort of narrowly tuned m ...
Expression of the Emx-1 and Dlx-1 homeobox genes define three
... lateral amygdala (Bruce and Neary, 1995) and endopiriform nucleus (Striedter, 1997). It is now well established that the structure and cellular functions of many Drosophila developmental genes have been conserved during evolution. In addition, it has been realized that the arrangement along the main ...
... lateral amygdala (Bruce and Neary, 1995) and endopiriform nucleus (Striedter, 1997). It is now well established that the structure and cellular functions of many Drosophila developmental genes have been conserved during evolution. In addition, it has been realized that the arrangement along the main ...
Synaptic Plasticity and Connectivity Requirements to
... synapses, while LTPi occurs at inhibitory-to-excitatory synapses. Inhibition is feed forward only (i.e. the network does not include recurrent excitatoryto-inhibitory synapses). C. Excitatory cells from the Associative layer project all-to-all, initially with equal synaptic strength to excitatory ce ...
... synapses, while LTPi occurs at inhibitory-to-excitatory synapses. Inhibition is feed forward only (i.e. the network does not include recurrent excitatoryto-inhibitory synapses). C. Excitatory cells from the Associative layer project all-to-all, initially with equal synaptic strength to excitatory ce ...
Stereotyped responses of Drosophila peptidergic neuronal
... of activity, which can be recorded in intact (Kim et al., 2015, Lahr et al., 2012; Park et al., 2003) and puparium-free preparations (Kim et al., 2006; cf., Figure 2, below). In addition, fictive ecdysis can be visualized in ex vivo CNS preparations challenged with ETH that express the calcium senso ...
... of activity, which can be recorded in intact (Kim et al., 2015, Lahr et al., 2012; Park et al., 2003) and puparium-free preparations (Kim et al., 2006; cf., Figure 2, below). In addition, fictive ecdysis can be visualized in ex vivo CNS preparations challenged with ETH that express the calcium senso ...
Investigating Anatomical and Molecular Aspects of
... PV. It was also shown that this population of neurons tended to be cells with large soma diameters (Copray et al., 1994). Retrograde nerve fills of the sural and gastrocnemius nerves subsequently linked PV expression to muscle, but not cutaneous afferents (Honda, 1995). PV is also widely used in lab ...
... PV. It was also shown that this population of neurons tended to be cells with large soma diameters (Copray et al., 1994). Retrograde nerve fills of the sural and gastrocnemius nerves subsequently linked PV expression to muscle, but not cutaneous afferents (Honda, 1995). PV is also widely used in lab ...
the neurobiology of nicotine addiction: bridging the gap from
... regulated by exposure to the agonist: closed, open and desensitized11. When agonists bind to the nAChR, the receptor complex undergoes a conformational change in its structure, which allows the channel gate to open, permitting the passage of cations (such as Na+, K+ and also Ca2+, which might accoun ...
... regulated by exposure to the agonist: closed, open and desensitized11. When agonists bind to the nAChR, the receptor complex undergoes a conformational change in its structure, which allows the channel gate to open, permitting the passage of cations (such as Na+, K+ and also Ca2+, which might accoun ...
Insulin Treatment Prevents Neuroinflammation and Neuronal Injury
... collected from HIV-1-infected PBMCs (day 4 after infection; A) exposed to different concentrations of insulin (IU/ml). AZT (zidovucultured cells were suspended in TRIzol redine) was used as a positive treatment control. Both insulin and AZT exerted antiviral effects. B, p24 levels in supernatants fr ...
... collected from HIV-1-infected PBMCs (day 4 after infection; A) exposed to different concentrations of insulin (IU/ml). AZT (zidovucultured cells were suspended in TRIzol redine) was used as a positive treatment control. Both insulin and AZT exerted antiviral effects. B, p24 levels in supernatants fr ...
Chapter 12 PowerPoint Slided PDF - CM
... 2. Action potential is sent to another area of gray matter by projection fibers 3. Second (new) action potential is generated by gray matter; spreads to neighboring gray matter by association fibers 4. Lastly, a third action potential is generated; can be sent to other cerebral hemisphere by commiss ...
... 2. Action potential is sent to another area of gray matter by projection fibers 3. Second (new) action potential is generated by gray matter; spreads to neighboring gray matter by association fibers 4. Lastly, a third action potential is generated; can be sent to other cerebral hemisphere by commiss ...
Catalytic and transport cycles of ABC exporters
... be a perceived need to formulate a universal mechanism. Although it has been generally hoped and assumed that the whole superfamily of ABC transporters would exhibit similar conserved mechanisms, this is proving not to be the case. Structural considerations alone suggest that there are three overall ...
... be a perceived need to formulate a universal mechanism. Although it has been generally hoped and assumed that the whole superfamily of ABC transporters would exhibit similar conserved mechanisms, this is proving not to be the case. Structural considerations alone suggest that there are three overall ...
Identification of a molecular component of the mitochondrial
... However, eukaryotic orthologues to Pat have not been identified in either the mitochondrial or nuclear genome [9]. An alternative scenario in eukaryotes could be that mitochondrial proteins are acetylated in the cytosol prior to mitochondrial import. However, as fasting and feeding result in a dynam ...
... However, eukaryotic orthologues to Pat have not been identified in either the mitochondrial or nuclear genome [9]. An alternative scenario in eukaryotes could be that mitochondrial proteins are acetylated in the cytosol prior to mitochondrial import. However, as fasting and feeding result in a dynam ...
THALAMUS
... In the spinal cord and brain stem portions of the course you learned about certain “relay” nuclei of the thalamus that transfer information from sub-cortical structures to the cerebral cortex. By virtue of these relay functions that encompass the major senses and motor systems, the thalamus is often ...
... In the spinal cord and brain stem portions of the course you learned about certain “relay” nuclei of the thalamus that transfer information from sub-cortical structures to the cerebral cortex. By virtue of these relay functions that encompass the major senses and motor systems, the thalamus is often ...
Autometallographic Tracing of Bismuth in Human Brain Autopsies
... For more than 100 years, gastrointestinal disorders have been treated with drugs containing bismuth. Modern variants include a combination of bismuth salts and antibiotics (De-Nolt, Pyloridt) that are used to treat patients suffering from Helicobacter pylori-associated peptic ulcers. Bismuth compoun ...
... For more than 100 years, gastrointestinal disorders have been treated with drugs containing bismuth. Modern variants include a combination of bismuth salts and antibiotics (De-Nolt, Pyloridt) that are used to treat patients suffering from Helicobacter pylori-associated peptic ulcers. Bismuth compoun ...
Drug Metabolism
... Drug Metabolism • Drug Metabolism: The biochemical changes that occur on drugs or other foreign compounds, the purpose of which is to facilitate elimination from the body. Body Drug (lipophilic) ...
... Drug Metabolism • Drug Metabolism: The biochemical changes that occur on drugs or other foreign compounds, the purpose of which is to facilitate elimination from the body. Body Drug (lipophilic) ...
Segregation and convergence of specialised pathways in
... are centred on the thin stripes and interstripes respectively; we also use the same terms to designate the two types of module that are implied to exist in V4. Thus the type I module in V4 is the likely extension of the blob-thin stripe pathway and the type II module is the likely extension of the i ...
... are centred on the thin stripes and interstripes respectively; we also use the same terms to designate the two types of module that are implied to exist in V4. Thus the type I module in V4 is the likely extension of the blob-thin stripe pathway and the type II module is the likely extension of the i ...
Clinical neurochemistry
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Neuron_with_mHtt_inclusion.jpg?width=300)
Clinical neurochemistry is the field of neurological biochemistry which relates biochemical phenomena to clinical symptomatic manifestations in humans. While neurochemistry is mostly associated with the effects of neurotransmitters and similarly-functioning chemicals on neurons themselves, clinical neurochemistry relates these phenomena to system-wide symptoms. Clinical neurochemistry is related to neurogenesis, neuromodulation, neuroplasticity, neuroendocrinology, and neuroimmunology in the context of associating neurological findings at both lower and higher level organismal functions.