Segregation and convergence of specialised pathways in
... are centred on the thin stripes and interstripes respectively; we also use the same terms to designate the two types of module that are implied to exist in V4. Thus the type I module in V4 is the likely extension of the blob-thin stripe pathway and the type II module is the likely extension of the i ...
... are centred on the thin stripes and interstripes respectively; we also use the same terms to designate the two types of module that are implied to exist in V4. Thus the type I module in V4 is the likely extension of the blob-thin stripe pathway and the type II module is the likely extension of the i ...
How Do We See the World?
... The only reason that we experience sound is that the information from the ear goes to a region of the brain that converts the neural activity into what we then perceive to be sound. The brain might just as well convert that neural activity into some other subjective sensation. For instance, imagine ...
... The only reason that we experience sound is that the information from the ear goes to a region of the brain that converts the neural activity into what we then perceive to be sound. The brain might just as well convert that neural activity into some other subjective sensation. For instance, imagine ...
Cell migration in the developing rodent olfactory system
... assembled in development by the process of cell migration. Although the principles of cell migration are conserved throughout the brain, different subsystems may predominantly utilize specific migratory mechanisms, or may display unusual features during migration. Examining these subsystems offers n ...
... assembled in development by the process of cell migration. Although the principles of cell migration are conserved throughout the brain, different subsystems may predominantly utilize specific migratory mechanisms, or may display unusual features during migration. Examining these subsystems offers n ...
Modulation of Neuronal Activity in the Monkey Putamen Associated
... lowered below the surface of the dura, the microelectrode was passed inside the guide and was advanced using a manual hydraulic microdrive (MO95, Narishige, Tokyo, Japan). The signal from neuronal activity was amplified 5,000 times, filtered at 0.3–1.5 kHz, and converted to digital pulses through a ...
... lowered below the surface of the dura, the microelectrode was passed inside the guide and was advanced using a manual hydraulic microdrive (MO95, Narishige, Tokyo, Japan). The signal from neuronal activity was amplified 5,000 times, filtered at 0.3–1.5 kHz, and converted to digital pulses through a ...
Sound processing by local neural populations in the
... starts when a sound wave reaches the inner ear, generating a vibration in the cochlea which is transduced into an electrical signal. This signal propagates along various stations of the auditory pathway, through the thalamus, eventually reaching the auditory cortex (AC). The AC is the primary cortic ...
... starts when a sound wave reaches the inner ear, generating a vibration in the cochlea which is transduced into an electrical signal. This signal propagates along various stations of the auditory pathway, through the thalamus, eventually reaching the auditory cortex (AC). The AC is the primary cortic ...
Neural Interaction in Cat Primary Auditory Cortex. Dependence on
... “noise” from the newly formed synaptic connections. ...
... “noise” from the newly formed synaptic connections. ...
Affective percept and voluntary action: A hypothesis
... systems. Accordingly, we will distinguish food affective stimuli, esthetic affective stimuli, etc. Different affective stimuli evoke the corresponding affective percepts and the latter can be divided according to the same four criteria. The division of affective percepts according to criteria 1 and ...
... systems. Accordingly, we will distinguish food affective stimuli, esthetic affective stimuli, etc. Different affective stimuli evoke the corresponding affective percepts and the latter can be divided according to the same four criteria. The division of affective percepts according to criteria 1 and ...
A neurotoxic regimen of MDMA suppresses behavioral, thermal and
... (Green et al. 1995; Scheffel et al. 1998). The evidence of MDMA-induced 5-HT toxicity is based on biochemical studies in which there is a reduction in the tissue concentration of 5-HT and its major metabolite 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (Stone et al. 1986; Schmidt 1987); reduction in the activity of ...
... (Green et al. 1995; Scheffel et al. 1998). The evidence of MDMA-induced 5-HT toxicity is based on biochemical studies in which there is a reduction in the tissue concentration of 5-HT and its major metabolite 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid (Stone et al. 1986; Schmidt 1987); reduction in the activity of ...
Intersegmental synchronization of spontaneous activity of dorsal
... set to 0.3 Hz in the low range and 10 kHz in the high range. In all figures, negativity in recordings of cord dorsum potentials is upwards. Action potentials from dorsal horn neurons and field potentials were recorded from the L6–L7 segments using glass micropipettes filled with 1.2 M NaCl solution. ...
... set to 0.3 Hz in the low range and 10 kHz in the high range. In all figures, negativity in recordings of cord dorsum potentials is upwards. Action potentials from dorsal horn neurons and field potentials were recorded from the L6–L7 segments using glass micropipettes filled with 1.2 M NaCl solution. ...
Sample
... b) an electrical current initiated in the cell body which flows the length of the axon c) the opening of ion channels, promoting a negative charge within the axonal membrane Incorrect. The opening of ion channels promotes a positive internal charge, not a negative one. d) the transmission of neurona ...
... b) an electrical current initiated in the cell body which flows the length of the axon c) the opening of ion channels, promoting a negative charge within the axonal membrane Incorrect. The opening of ion channels promotes a positive internal charge, not a negative one. d) the transmission of neurona ...
ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES XIV (1–2)
... have broad immunostimulating properties, while their elevated level as a result of stress causes immunosuppressive action (Webster-Marketon and Glaser 2008, Aguilera 2010). Stress is one of the factors activating sympathetic nervous system, as it was evidenced that its activation results in release ...
... have broad immunostimulating properties, while their elevated level as a result of stress causes immunosuppressive action (Webster-Marketon and Glaser 2008, Aguilera 2010). Stress is one of the factors activating sympathetic nervous system, as it was evidenced that its activation results in release ...
University of Groningen Gustatory neural processing in the
... afferents, postsynaptic afferents or even interneurons involved in intranuclear data processing. Most units recorded are subject to this ambiguity. In two recent studies Nakamura and Norgren extracellularly recorded single-unit responses of NTS neurons in awake rats, after gustatory stimulation with ...
... afferents, postsynaptic afferents or even interneurons involved in intranuclear data processing. Most units recorded are subject to this ambiguity. In two recent studies Nakamura and Norgren extracellularly recorded single-unit responses of NTS neurons in awake rats, after gustatory stimulation with ...
Perceptual and Semantic Contributions to
... discrimination of objects. Plus, the localization of these repetition suppression effects was predominantly within brain regions of the left middle temporal cortices (for evidence from an adaptation paradigm, see also Altmann et al. 2007), whereas the earlier categorical effects predominantly modula ...
... discrimination of objects. Plus, the localization of these repetition suppression effects was predominantly within brain regions of the left middle temporal cortices (for evidence from an adaptation paradigm, see also Altmann et al. 2007), whereas the earlier categorical effects predominantly modula ...
- Journal of Pain, The
... Abstract: The past few decades have witnessed a huge leap forward in our understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of pain, in normal states where it helps protect from injury, and also in pathological states where pain evolves from a symptom reflecting tissue injury to become the disease itsel ...
... Abstract: The past few decades have witnessed a huge leap forward in our understanding of the mechanistic underpinnings of pain, in normal states where it helps protect from injury, and also in pathological states where pain evolves from a symptom reflecting tissue injury to become the disease itsel ...
Carlisi_preprint_revisions2
... 2008), underpinned by abnormalities in fronto-striatal, fronto-temporo-parietal and frontocerebellar networks (Hart et al., 2012, Hart et al., 2013, Rubia et al., 2014a). Furthermore, they have deficits in timing functions (Noreika et al., 2013) and in “hot” EF, referring to EF involving motivation ...
... 2008), underpinned by abnormalities in fronto-striatal, fronto-temporo-parietal and frontocerebellar networks (Hart et al., 2012, Hart et al., 2013, Rubia et al., 2014a). Furthermore, they have deficits in timing functions (Noreika et al., 2013) and in “hot” EF, referring to EF involving motivation ...
Review Mitochondrial movement and positioning in axons
... (Campenot, 1994) and serve as a guidance cue for the active growth cone (Letourneau, 1978; Gundersen and Barrett, 1979; Gallo et al., 1997; Paves and Saarma, 1997). Because it can induce local changes in axons over a relatively short time scale, NGF is an attractive candidate for regulating the move ...
... (Campenot, 1994) and serve as a guidance cue for the active growth cone (Letourneau, 1978; Gundersen and Barrett, 1979; Gallo et al., 1997; Paves and Saarma, 1997). Because it can induce local changes in axons over a relatively short time scale, NGF is an attractive candidate for regulating the move ...
Prolonged Pulsed Radio Frequency Ablation of Bilateral Gesserian
... sides (P value < 0.05) for about 6 months after the procedure respectively. The medication doses were decreased after the PRF. There was slight numbness on both sides, which remained the same till 6 months. Conclusion: Prolonged PRF ablation of Gasserian ganglion can be an excellent treatment option ...
... sides (P value < 0.05) for about 6 months after the procedure respectively. The medication doses were decreased after the PRF. There was slight numbness on both sides, which remained the same till 6 months. Conclusion: Prolonged PRF ablation of Gasserian ganglion can be an excellent treatment option ...
Cerebellar control of visceral responses–possible mechanisms
... lacking all regularity and order. Level of integration⎯Cerebellar interaction with autonomic regulation can theoretically take place at any level of the nervous system, from the peripheral receptors to the cerebral cortex. It is, in fact, quite likely that there are several levels of integration, fu ...
... lacking all regularity and order. Level of integration⎯Cerebellar interaction with autonomic regulation can theoretically take place at any level of the nervous system, from the peripheral receptors to the cerebral cortex. It is, in fact, quite likely that there are several levels of integration, fu ...
"Visual System Development in Vertebrates". In: Encyclopedia of
... of genes that are strictly regulated in space and time controls eye development. The earliest known genes to be expressed in the eye-forming neuroepithelium include a number of highly conserved transcription factors, such as SIX3, PAX6 and RX1. These genes are first expressed in a discrete region in ...
... of genes that are strictly regulated in space and time controls eye development. The earliest known genes to be expressed in the eye-forming neuroepithelium include a number of highly conserved transcription factors, such as SIX3, PAX6 and RX1. These genes are first expressed in a discrete region in ...
Visuomotor Functions in the Frontal Lobe
... numbers follow and elaborate on Brodmann’s original scheme as indicated in Figure 1. For example, V1, V2, V3, and V4 designate the primary, secondary, third, and fourth visual areas, respectively; V3A is distinguished from neighboring area V3. M1 indicates the primary motor cortex (also known as F1) ...
... numbers follow and elaborate on Brodmann’s original scheme as indicated in Figure 1. For example, V1, V2, V3, and V4 designate the primary, secondary, third, and fourth visual areas, respectively; V3A is distinguished from neighboring area V3. M1 indicates the primary motor cortex (also known as F1) ...
E45021924
... Oxytocin released by the suckling stimulus during lactation causes ejection of milk by contracting the myoepithelial cells in the mammary glands. As will be discussed below, other suckling - induced behavioral, physiological and endocrinological changes occurring during lactation also may be caused ...
... Oxytocin released by the suckling stimulus during lactation causes ejection of milk by contracting the myoepithelial cells in the mammary glands. As will be discussed below, other suckling - induced behavioral, physiological and endocrinological changes occurring during lactation also may be caused ...
Introduction to Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs)
... Conditioned Stimulus (CS) - sensory input having no previous correlation with a response but which becomes associated with it. E.g. Pavlov’s bell. Keith L. Downing ...
... Conditioned Stimulus (CS) - sensory input having no previous correlation with a response but which becomes associated with it. E.g. Pavlov’s bell. Keith L. Downing ...
- Wiley Online Library
... strongly stimulated by hypercapnia and their main known function is to adjust lung ventilation so as to maintain the stability of arterial P CO2 . This role is especially important during non-REM sleep and quiet waking. Right: P CO2 detection by RTN. RTN neurons detect P CO2 primarily via changes in ...
... strongly stimulated by hypercapnia and their main known function is to adjust lung ventilation so as to maintain the stability of arterial P CO2 . This role is especially important during non-REM sleep and quiet waking. Right: P CO2 detection by RTN. RTN neurons detect P CO2 primarily via changes in ...
Clinical neurochemistry
Clinical neurochemistry is the field of neurological biochemistry which relates biochemical phenomena to clinical symptomatic manifestations in humans. While neurochemistry is mostly associated with the effects of neurotransmitters and similarly-functioning chemicals on neurons themselves, clinical neurochemistry relates these phenomena to system-wide symptoms. Clinical neurochemistry is related to neurogenesis, neuromodulation, neuroplasticity, neuroendocrinology, and neuroimmunology in the context of associating neurological findings at both lower and higher level organismal functions.