The diversity–stability debate
... complex communities, constructed from many predators and parasites, prevented populations from undergoing explosive growth. His ideas were closely akin to MacArthur9, who reasoned that multiplicity in the number of prey and predator species associated with a population freed that population from dra ...
... complex communities, constructed from many predators and parasites, prevented populations from undergoing explosive growth. His ideas were closely akin to MacArthur9, who reasoned that multiplicity in the number of prey and predator species associated with a population freed that population from dra ...
Herbivore and pathogen damage on grassland and woodland plants
... decreased the mean herbivore and pathogen damage among the species. The Fisher’s exact test calculates the probability of obtaining the frequency of two dichotomous variables compared with a random distribution (Sokal & Rohlf 1995; Weir 1996). For this test, we scored the herbivore and pathogen dama ...
... decreased the mean herbivore and pathogen damage among the species. The Fisher’s exact test calculates the probability of obtaining the frequency of two dichotomous variables compared with a random distribution (Sokal & Rohlf 1995; Weir 1996). For this test, we scored the herbivore and pathogen dama ...
English
... markers are being gradually replaced by Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP). DNA-based diversity data has accumulated dramatically during the last 20 years and is now available for many species at many sites. Some species have been measured at more than one time during the recent past, allowing cha ...
... markers are being gradually replaced by Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP). DNA-based diversity data has accumulated dramatically during the last 20 years and is now available for many species at many sites. Some species have been measured at more than one time during the recent past, allowing cha ...
Resource partitioning between ungulate populations in arid
... Characterizes browse availability, as both species demonstrate flexible foraging strategies, we predict positive associations Equates to graze, which is important for both species and particularly for oryx, who are primarily grazers Provides low-growing browse and shade, especially for gazelle which ...
... Characterizes browse availability, as both species demonstrate flexible foraging strategies, we predict positive associations Equates to graze, which is important for both species and particularly for oryx, who are primarily grazers Provides low-growing browse and shade, especially for gazelle which ...
Interaction webs in arctic ecosystems: Determinants of arctic
... (60 birds, including rare visitors, and 7 mammals including the polar bear Ursus maritimus; Wirta et al. 2016). Importantly, the occurrence of vertebrates is registered in detail, whereas the arthropods are substantially undersampled. Yet, the diversity of for instance midges (Chironomidae) apparent ...
... (60 birds, including rare visitors, and 7 mammals including the polar bear Ursus maritimus; Wirta et al. 2016). Importantly, the occurrence of vertebrates is registered in detail, whereas the arthropods are substantially undersampled. Yet, the diversity of for instance midges (Chironomidae) apparent ...
The Effects of Burmese Pythons on Everglades Ecosystems
... August to mid-November. Although there were various other animals found in the traps (all which were subsequently released nearby), only three Burmese pythons were caught (Reed et al. 2011). There were other factors that may have interfered with the number of captured snakes such as the large numbe ...
... August to mid-November. Although there were various other animals found in the traps (all which were subsequently released nearby), only three Burmese pythons were caught (Reed et al. 2011). There were other factors that may have interfered with the number of captured snakes such as the large numbe ...
Introduced freshwater fishes in a global endemic hotspot
... Introductions of alien freshwater fish species into the Mediterranean-climatic South-west Coast Drainage Division of Australia have impacted a highly endemic (≈82%) yet depauperate (11 species) native freshwater fish fauna. This study updates the current known introduced freshwater fishes in Western ...
... Introductions of alien freshwater fish species into the Mediterranean-climatic South-west Coast Drainage Division of Australia have impacted a highly endemic (≈82%) yet depauperate (11 species) native freshwater fish fauna. This study updates the current known introduced freshwater fishes in Western ...
Miranda shoreline shell study
... sample, assess and store for post-visit studies as millions of their shells are washed up along the top of the shore. The variety along the Miranda shoreline is smaller than on some other beaches so small collections for class study are not too difficult to sort into species. Sorting shells can init ...
... sample, assess and store for post-visit studies as millions of their shells are washed up along the top of the shore. The variety along the Miranda shoreline is smaller than on some other beaches so small collections for class study are not too difficult to sort into species. Sorting shells can init ...
The phenology of growth and reproduction in plants
... The study of phenological aspects of plants involves the observation, recording and interpretation of the timing of their life history events. This review considers the phenology of leafing, flowering and fruit production in a range of species and communities. The selective forces (both abiotic and ...
... The study of phenological aspects of plants involves the observation, recording and interpretation of the timing of their life history events. This review considers the phenology of leafing, flowering and fruit production in a range of species and communities. The selective forces (both abiotic and ...
Analyzing ecological networks of species interactions
... structure, we can measure a large number of properties (see e.g. Newman 2010 for an introduction). A simple graph contains neither self-edges or multiedges, whereas a multigraph contains at least one multiedge (the same two nodes are linked by more than an unique edge). As we illustrate in Figure 1, ...
... structure, we can measure a large number of properties (see e.g. Newman 2010 for an introduction). A simple graph contains neither self-edges or multiedges, whereas a multigraph contains at least one multiedge (the same two nodes are linked by more than an unique edge). As we illustrate in Figure 1, ...
Predator–prey size relationships in an African large
... Few previous assessments of food web structure and dynamics have taken into account all these considerations, because the complexity of obtaining sufficient data on numerous species can easily become overwhelming. However, despite their rich species assemblage, African large-mammal predator–prey web ...
... Few previous assessments of food web structure and dynamics have taken into account all these considerations, because the complexity of obtaining sufficient data on numerous species can easily become overwhelming. However, despite their rich species assemblage, African large-mammal predator–prey web ...
Disentangling the importance of ecological niches from stochastic
... based on the ideas and formulations of the ‘speciesbased’ equilibrium theory of island biogeography [29,30], which is also a type of neutral model [44,45]. That is, species in the simple version of the equilibrium theory are inherently equivalent, in that only colonization/extinction processes influ ...
... based on the ideas and formulations of the ‘speciesbased’ equilibrium theory of island biogeography [29,30], which is also a type of neutral model [44,45]. That is, species in the simple version of the equilibrium theory are inherently equivalent, in that only colonization/extinction processes influ ...
The signal crayfish
... times necessary to sail to a port with no cargo. In order to do this enough ballast of little or no value would be loaded to keep the vessel upright. This ballast would then be discarded when the cargo was loaded. 4. Eurasian ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus)- an aquatic invasive species first found in ...
... times necessary to sail to a port with no cargo. In order to do this enough ballast of little or no value would be loaded to keep the vessel upright. This ballast would then be discarded when the cargo was loaded. 4. Eurasian ruffe (Gymnocephalus cernuus)- an aquatic invasive species first found in ...
Thresholds of Potential Concern - Learning Center of the American
... approach (Holling and Meffe 1996) based on the “balance of nature” paradigm of to a more proactive adaptive management philosophy emphasizing biodiversity as a primary goal for KNP (Foxcroft and Richardson 2003; Foxcroft 2004). Under the old philosophy, managers did not accept invasive species as pa ...
... approach (Holling and Meffe 1996) based on the “balance of nature” paradigm of to a more proactive adaptive management philosophy emphasizing biodiversity as a primary goal for KNP (Foxcroft and Richardson 2003; Foxcroft 2004). Under the old philosophy, managers did not accept invasive species as pa ...
Effects of Forest Fragment Size and Successional Stage on Mixed
... dry seasoncan be explained by the loss of four Trichothraupis melanops, in spite of being the regular (H. atricapillus, L. fuscus, S. griseicap- third most common species in the flocks (Table illus, and D. mentalis), and many occasional l), may be considered the most important nucle[such as Camptost ...
... dry seasoncan be explained by the loss of four Trichothraupis melanops, in spite of being the regular (H. atricapillus, L. fuscus, S. griseicap- third most common species in the flocks (Table illus, and D. mentalis), and many occasional l), may be considered the most important nucle[such as Camptost ...
full text - University of Cincinnati
... General Methods. The wolf spider ethospecies used in this study are common in deciduous forest habitats of eastern and mid-western North America. ...
... General Methods. The wolf spider ethospecies used in this study are common in deciduous forest habitats of eastern and mid-western North America. ...
Colour polymorphism in birds: causes and
... and particularly in vertebrates. In the present study, we focus on colour polymorphism in birds. Huxley (1955) was the first to devote a general review to polymorphism in birds. He wrote: ‘finally, the time seems ripe for a detailed survey of the incidence of colour- and pattern-morphism in birds. T ...
... and particularly in vertebrates. In the present study, we focus on colour polymorphism in birds. Huxley (1955) was the first to devote a general review to polymorphism in birds. He wrote: ‘finally, the time seems ripe for a detailed survey of the incidence of colour- and pattern-morphism in birds. T ...
Biodiversity and Ecosystem Functioning
... the combined biological activities of many species, and it is often not possible to determine the relative contributions of individual species to ecosystem processes. Species within groups such as grazing mammals, large predators, perennial grasses, or nitrogen-fixing microbes may therefore be funct ...
... the combined biological activities of many species, and it is often not possible to determine the relative contributions of individual species to ecosystem processes. Species within groups such as grazing mammals, large predators, perennial grasses, or nitrogen-fixing microbes may therefore be funct ...
The vulnerability of provincially rare species (species-at
... or endangered under Ontario’s Endangered Species Act (Statutes of Ontario 2007), may be at risk of extirpation due to adverse effects of natural and/or anthropogenic stressors. Climate change, acting alone or in combination with other stressors, may pose an important emerging threat for many of thes ...
... or endangered under Ontario’s Endangered Species Act (Statutes of Ontario 2007), may be at risk of extirpation due to adverse effects of natural and/or anthropogenic stressors. Climate change, acting alone or in combination with other stressors, may pose an important emerging threat for many of thes ...
Cohabitation promotes high diversity of clownfishes in the Coral
... of the group are immature [21]. Clownfishes are an ideal model group because their taxonomy and phylogeny are well resolved and, like most coral reef organisms, their highest diversity is located in the Coral Triangle [14]. They are habitat specialists that cannot persist in nature without host anem ...
... of the group are immature [21]. Clownfishes are an ideal model group because their taxonomy and phylogeny are well resolved and, like most coral reef organisms, their highest diversity is located in the Coral Triangle [14]. They are habitat specialists that cannot persist in nature without host anem ...
Bifrenaria
Bifrenaria, abbreviated Bif. in horticultural trade, is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It contains 20 species found in Panama, Trinidad and South America. There are no known uses for them, but their abundant, and at first glance artificial, flowers, make them favorites of orchid growers.The genus can be split in two clearly distinct groups: one of highly robust plants with large flowers, that encompass the first species to be classified under the genus Bifrenaria; other of more delicate plants with smaller flowers occasionally classified as Stenocoryne or Adipe. There are two additional species that are normally classified as Bifrenaria, but which molecular analysis indicate to belong to different orchid groups entirely. One is Bifrenaria grandis which is endemic to Bolívia and which is now placed in Lacaena, and Bifrenaria steyermarkii, an inhabitant of the northern Amazon Forest, which does not have an alternative classification.