Estimating Relative Energy Fluxes Using the Food Web, Species
... Models were judged on their ability to produce ratios greater than 1. Ratios less than 1 were considered unrealistic because they indicated more estimated energy flux out of a species than into it. The second testing method considered the models’ ability to estimate fluxes that agreed with allometri ...
... Models were judged on their ability to produce ratios greater than 1. Ratios less than 1 were considered unrealistic because they indicated more estimated energy flux out of a species than into it. The second testing method considered the models’ ability to estimate fluxes that agreed with allometri ...
The consequences of consumer diversity loss
... Stachowicz 2007). Four of the most common conspicuous mobile consumer taxonomic groups in Spud Point are crabs, limpets, urchins, and chitons (J. Byrnes, personal observation). Although these groups are comprised of multiple species, for our experiment, we used the most common single species from ea ...
... Stachowicz 2007). Four of the most common conspicuous mobile consumer taxonomic groups in Spud Point are crabs, limpets, urchins, and chitons (J. Byrnes, personal observation). Although these groups are comprised of multiple species, for our experiment, we used the most common single species from ea ...
The Invasive Non-Native Species Framework Strategy for Great Britain
... With notable exceptions such as the plant health regimes, the 2006 audit found that generally very little effort is currently focussed on preventative risk management, even though a number of new potentially invasive non-native species have been identified. However, the shift towards a more preventa ...
... With notable exceptions such as the plant health regimes, the 2006 audit found that generally very little effort is currently focussed on preventative risk management, even though a number of new potentially invasive non-native species have been identified. However, the shift towards a more preventa ...
Chapter 4: Nature - Environmental Protection Agency, Ireland
... of 47% of species have contracted, whereas 18% of species have expanded to new areas. Two main “new” groups of concern highlighted are breeding waders and upland birds. Large range contractions are noted for the curlew, which has declined dramatically in recent years, and also lapwing, common sandpi ...
... of 47% of species have contracted, whereas 18% of species have expanded to new areas. Two main “new” groups of concern highlighted are breeding waders and upland birds. Large range contractions are noted for the curlew, which has declined dramatically in recent years, and also lapwing, common sandpi ...
Do we have enough information to apply the
... One method of investigating the ecosystem impact of fisheries is to use an ecosystem model, which can be used to examine the ecological, economic, and social trade-offs in an integrated manner (Christensen et al., 2009). Although various models are available (Plagányi, 2007), many have high data de ...
... One method of investigating the ecosystem impact of fisheries is to use an ecosystem model, which can be used to examine the ecological, economic, and social trade-offs in an integrated manner (Christensen et al., 2009). Although various models are available (Plagányi, 2007), many have high data de ...
Section 1 How Organisms Interact in Communities
... Closer study reveals that this surprising behavior is part of a larger pattern of niche restriction. In the late 1950s, the ecologist Robert MacArthur, while a graduate student at Yale University, carried out a classic investigation of niche usage, summarized in Figure 5. He studied the feeding habi ...
... Closer study reveals that this surprising behavior is part of a larger pattern of niche restriction. In the late 1950s, the ecologist Robert MacArthur, while a graduate student at Yale University, carried out a classic investigation of niche usage, summarized in Figure 5. He studied the feeding habi ...
EXPERIMENTAL TESTS OF EFFECTS OF PLANT PRODUCTIVITY AND E S
... diversity). Increasing plant productivity may increase herbivore diversity by: increasing the abundance of rare resources (‘‘resource rarity hypothesis’’), increasing herbivore abundance and local persistence (‘‘consumer rarity hypothesis’’) or increasing intraspecific density dependence (‘‘density ...
... diversity). Increasing plant productivity may increase herbivore diversity by: increasing the abundance of rare resources (‘‘resource rarity hypothesis’’), increasing herbivore abundance and local persistence (‘‘consumer rarity hypothesis’’) or increasing intraspecific density dependence (‘‘density ...
Flora Expert Panel Report - Department of Environment and
... This document has been prepared with all due diligence and care, based on the best available information at the time of publication. The department holds no responsibility for any errors or omissions within this document. Any decisions made by other parties based on this document are solely the resp ...
... This document has been prepared with all due diligence and care, based on the best available information at the time of publication. The department holds no responsibility for any errors or omissions within this document. Any decisions made by other parties based on this document are solely the resp ...
AP-ES 5 13-14 V2
... • the process by which organisms actively select habitats in which to live - Availability and quality of habitat are crucial to an ...
... • the process by which organisms actively select habitats in which to live - Availability and quality of habitat are crucial to an ...
galapagos research
... returning to the lab. In cases in which the gizzard was too damaged to analyze its contents completely, significant features were recorded (e.g. types and numbers of seeds). Contents were analyzed within two months of collection. Samples were thawed for at least 15 min. prior to examination. The int ...
... returning to the lab. In cases in which the gizzard was too damaged to analyze its contents completely, significant features were recorded (e.g. types and numbers of seeds). Contents were analyzed within two months of collection. Samples were thawed for at least 15 min. prior to examination. The int ...
Food Webs, Competition Graphs, and Habitat Formation
... many biological phenomena are being viewed as involving the processing of information, which ultimately involves using discrete mathematics. Technology has made working with large data sets possible, thus modern mathematical and information sciences have played an important role in many major biolog ...
... many biological phenomena are being viewed as involving the processing of information, which ultimately involves using discrete mathematics. Technology has made working with large data sets possible, thus modern mathematical and information sciences have played an important role in many major biolog ...
Information Document
... ecosystems. While islands may not be more susceptible to invasions by alien species than continental landmasses they are, however, considered to be particularly vulnerable to the impacts of such invasions. The risk of the introduction, establishment, and spread of invasive alien species in island sy ...
... ecosystems. While islands may not be more susceptible to invasions by alien species than continental landmasses they are, however, considered to be particularly vulnerable to the impacts of such invasions. The risk of the introduction, establishment, and spread of invasive alien species in island sy ...
stochastic processes across scales Disentangling the importance of
... based on the ideas and formulations of the ‘speciesbased’ equilibrium theory of island biogeography [29,30], which is also a type of neutral model [44,45]. That is, species in the simple version of the equilibrium theory are inherently equivalent, in that only colonization/extinction processes influ ...
... based on the ideas and formulations of the ‘speciesbased’ equilibrium theory of island biogeography [29,30], which is also a type of neutral model [44,45]. That is, species in the simple version of the equilibrium theory are inherently equivalent, in that only colonization/extinction processes influ ...
Rusty Crayfish (Orconectes rusticus) - GB non
... lowland river catchments with higher temperature regimes and more invertebrate and macrophytes food available. 36 - How widespread are the species or suitable habitats necessary for the survival, development and multiplication of the organism in the Risk Assessment Area? ubiquitous Level of confiden ...
... lowland river catchments with higher temperature regimes and more invertebrate and macrophytes food available. 36 - How widespread are the species or suitable habitats necessary for the survival, development and multiplication of the organism in the Risk Assessment Area? ubiquitous Level of confiden ...
Teredo navalis, Common shipworm - GB non
... they pass through the early stages of larval development before releasing them. Larvae have a free swimming period of about two weeks before entering a piece of wood and creating a burrow. After settling, metamorphosis is rapid and the juvenile reaches sexual maturity and spawns within six to eight ...
... they pass through the early stages of larval development before releasing them. Larvae have a free swimming period of about two weeks before entering a piece of wood and creating a burrow. After settling, metamorphosis is rapid and the juvenile reaches sexual maturity and spawns within six to eight ...
Biological diversity, ecosystem stability and economic
... ideal for people to strive towards. In the present paper, all extinctions during this century are assumed to be anthropogenic. The average background rate of extinctions in the geological past is about one per year globally (see Wilson, 1992) and the rate of recorded extinctions since 1900 for which ...
... ideal for people to strive towards. In the present paper, all extinctions during this century are assumed to be anthropogenic. The average background rate of extinctions in the geological past is about one per year globally (see Wilson, 1992) and the rate of recorded extinctions since 1900 for which ...
Wetlands Ecology - Center for Coastal Resources Management
... deep marsh peat common at higher elevations in erosion control is limited; however, it may be the older portion of the marsh. The deep peat particularly important for low salinity wetlands increases the capacity for holding flood waters. where the lower inter-tidal zone is occupied by Where the comm ...
... deep marsh peat common at higher elevations in erosion control is limited; however, it may be the older portion of the marsh. The deep peat particularly important for low salinity wetlands increases the capacity for holding flood waters. where the lower inter-tidal zone is occupied by Where the comm ...
Orconectes rusticus_Govas_2011
... (Wilson et al. 2004). This makes them a strong candidate to become an invasive species since they can readily eat a wide range of items including terrestrial leaf litter, benthic algae, ...
... (Wilson et al. 2004). This makes them a strong candidate to become an invasive species since they can readily eat a wide range of items including terrestrial leaf litter, benthic algae, ...
Giving-up densities of foraging gerbils: the effect of interspecific
... density (above). However, it is not known in what way interference competition by G. pyramidum affects the patch use behavior of G. a. allenby, and whether any effect is contributed directly by the presence of G. pyramidum in resource patches, or indirectly by a change in the background environment. T ...
... density (above). However, it is not known in what way interference competition by G. pyramidum affects the patch use behavior of G. a. allenby, and whether any effect is contributed directly by the presence of G. pyramidum in resource patches, or indirectly by a change in the background environment. T ...
Ecosystem Loss and Fragmentation: Synthesis
... Ecosystem loss and fragmentation has been termed the greatest worldwide threat to biodiversity and the primary cause of species extinction (Wilcox and Murphy, 1985; Rosenberg and Raphael, 1986; Simberloff, 1986). Today, as Laurence and Bierregaard (1997) have stated, “the fragmented landscape is bec ...
... Ecosystem loss and fragmentation has been termed the greatest worldwide threat to biodiversity and the primary cause of species extinction (Wilcox and Murphy, 1985; Rosenberg and Raphael, 1986; Simberloff, 1986). Today, as Laurence and Bierregaard (1997) have stated, “the fragmented landscape is bec ...
Environmental responses, not species interactions, determine
... on simple limiting cases in which only one of these three drivers operates. For example, in a community composed of large populations (no demographic stochasticity) with weak interspecific interations, community-wide species synchrony should be determined by the covariance of species’ responses to ...
... on simple limiting cases in which only one of these three drivers operates. For example, in a community composed of large populations (no demographic stochasticity) with weak interspecific interations, community-wide species synchrony should be determined by the covariance of species’ responses to ...
population density
... a deer’s habitat if the density of the deer population decreases over a given time. What is that resources may be depleted or community may have changed due to arrival of a new predator Continue ...
... a deer’s habitat if the density of the deer population decreases over a given time. What is that resources may be depleted or community may have changed due to arrival of a new predator Continue ...
Biodiversity Research
... keeps popping up in a variety of contexts and yet often remains vague. That is because biodiversity, or biological diversity, has many aspects that shape different definitions of this term. First, biodiversity may refer to various levels: genetic makeup; individuals, species and higher systemic unit ...
... keeps popping up in a variety of contexts and yet often remains vague. That is because biodiversity, or biological diversity, has many aspects that shape different definitions of this term. First, biodiversity may refer to various levels: genetic makeup; individuals, species and higher systemic unit ...
Propagule pressure: a null model for biological invasions
... to the establishment or proliferation of invaders). There were few consistencies among invasiveness characteristics (3 of 13): established and abundant invaders generally occupy similar habitats as native species, while abundant species tend to be less affected by enemies; germination success and rep ...
... to the establishment or proliferation of invaders). There were few consistencies among invasiveness characteristics (3 of 13): established and abundant invaders generally occupy similar habitats as native species, while abundant species tend to be less affected by enemies; germination success and rep ...
Living on the Edge of Two Changing Worlds: Forecasting the
... weather over a large temporal scale (30 years or more). The important distinction is therefore that weather is a much more temporally variable measure of what organisms experience at specific times. Moreover, climatic variables are often grouped over large spatial scales into climatic indices, such a ...
... weather over a large temporal scale (30 years or more). The important distinction is therefore that weather is a much more temporally variable measure of what organisms experience at specific times. Moreover, climatic variables are often grouped over large spatial scales into climatic indices, such a ...
Bifrenaria
Bifrenaria, abbreviated Bif. in horticultural trade, is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It contains 20 species found in Panama, Trinidad and South America. There are no known uses for them, but their abundant, and at first glance artificial, flowers, make them favorites of orchid growers.The genus can be split in two clearly distinct groups: one of highly robust plants with large flowers, that encompass the first species to be classified under the genus Bifrenaria; other of more delicate plants with smaller flowers occasionally classified as Stenocoryne or Adipe. There are two additional species that are normally classified as Bifrenaria, but which molecular analysis indicate to belong to different orchid groups entirely. One is Bifrenaria grandis which is endemic to Bolívia and which is now placed in Lacaena, and Bifrenaria steyermarkii, an inhabitant of the northern Amazon Forest, which does not have an alternative classification.