Forest Cover, Condition, and Ecology in Human
... (SDs) below the mean difference (negatively changing pixels) were retained. The selection of threshold values that discriminate real land cover change from systematic change is a primary difficulty in image differencing procedures (Hayes and Sader 2001). However, ground surveys in the study area con ...
... (SDs) below the mean difference (negatively changing pixels) were retained. The selection of threshold values that discriminate real land cover change from systematic change is a primary difficulty in image differencing procedures (Hayes and Sader 2001). However, ground surveys in the study area con ...
Trait differences between grass species along a climatic
... plant traits in each continent (e.g. Adler et al. 2004, see however Lauenroth 1998). The second source is related to different plant cultivation methods: North American species were grown from seeds while South American species were grown from planting tillers (see above). However, if this had been ...
... plant traits in each continent (e.g. Adler et al. 2004, see however Lauenroth 1998). The second source is related to different plant cultivation methods: North American species were grown from seeds while South American species were grown from planting tillers (see above). However, if this had been ...
How important are mangroves and seagrass beds for coral
... a function of the presence of nearby bays containing mangroves and seagrass beds. This is further supported by a study on the Caribbean island of Sombrero (Ogden et al. 1985), which lacks bays with mangroves and seagrass beds and showed complete absence of these 11 species (except Sphyraena barracud ...
... a function of the presence of nearby bays containing mangroves and seagrass beds. This is further supported by a study on the Caribbean island of Sombrero (Ogden et al. 1985), which lacks bays with mangroves and seagrass beds and showed complete absence of these 11 species (except Sphyraena barracud ...
Wolf diet and its impact on the ungulates community in a new
... Wild ungulates population abundance and structure were obtained by vantage-point counts for deer while Alpine ibex and Alpine chamois were censed by block counts; no data on wild boar population were available. Censuses were carried out in spring and in late summer by the Gran Paradiso National Park ...
... Wild ungulates population abundance and structure were obtained by vantage-point counts for deer while Alpine ibex and Alpine chamois were censed by block counts; no data on wild boar population were available. Censuses were carried out in spring and in late summer by the Gran Paradiso National Park ...
Chapter 54
... Concept 54.1: Community interactions are classified by whether they help, harm, or have no effect on the species involved • Ecologists call relationships between species in a community interspecific interactions • Examples are competition, predation, herbivory, and symbiosis (parasitism, mutualism, ...
... Concept 54.1: Community interactions are classified by whether they help, harm, or have no effect on the species involved • Ecologists call relationships between species in a community interspecific interactions • Examples are competition, predation, herbivory, and symbiosis (parasitism, mutualism, ...
File - Cook Biology
... • Most species loss can be traced to three major threats: – Habitat destruction – Introduced species – Overexploitation ...
... • Most species loss can be traced to three major threats: – Habitat destruction – Introduced species – Overexploitation ...
A Dynamical Systems Approach to Modeling Plankton Food Web
... systems involving a resource, a prey (phytoplankton), and predators (zooplankton) in order to understand the complex interactions between these constituents. It is important to study these food chains, because phytoplankton contribute to numerous biogeochemical processes in nature. They control wate ...
... systems involving a resource, a prey (phytoplankton), and predators (zooplankton) in order to understand the complex interactions between these constituents. It is important to study these food chains, because phytoplankton contribute to numerous biogeochemical processes in nature. They control wate ...
Chapter 2 Morphometric measurement selection: an invertebrate case study
... There are a variety of procedures that have been used in the past to screen for reliable characters, and these range from the use of analysis of variance (ANOVA) (Pimentel and Smith 1986), Mahalanobis’ (1936) D2 statistic, to correlations among characters summarised by either principal components an ...
... There are a variety of procedures that have been used in the past to screen for reliable characters, and these range from the use of analysis of variance (ANOVA) (Pimentel and Smith 1986), Mahalanobis’ (1936) D2 statistic, to correlations among characters summarised by either principal components an ...
Functional over-redundancy and high functional vulnerability in
... vulnerability decreases with the crude categorization, but, despite having on average 25.4 species by FE across faunas, between 9% and 25% of FEs still have just one species because FOR is still strong. Indeed, even when considering a small number of FEs, the observed distribution of species richnes ...
... vulnerability decreases with the crude categorization, but, despite having on average 25.4 species by FE across faunas, between 9% and 25% of FEs still have just one species because FOR is still strong. Indeed, even when considering a small number of FEs, the observed distribution of species richnes ...
SYMBIOSIS ACTIVITY BACKGROUND Two individuals of the same
... very specific interaction that may occur between the organisms is defined as symbiosis, a close, coevolutionary association between one species (host) and another species (symbiont). Species may interact in a variety of different ways: ...
... very specific interaction that may occur between the organisms is defined as symbiosis, a close, coevolutionary association between one species (host) and another species (symbiont). Species may interact in a variety of different ways: ...
Advantages and disadvantages of interferencecompetitive ability
... Invaders into established communities must overcome low resource availability. To establish, invaders must either appropriate resources from existing individuals through interference competition or efficiently use the small amount of resource that remains. Although both strategies may be important, th ...
... Invaders into established communities must overcome low resource availability. To establish, invaders must either appropriate resources from existing individuals through interference competition or efficiently use the small amount of resource that remains. Although both strategies may be important, th ...
Do plant-community-based grazing regimes lead to
... influence the attachment to smoother coats like these of cattle significantly, but attachment to sheep wool was less dependent on such structures. All tested seed species without morphological structures were relatively lightweight (p0.7 mg) (Mouissie et al. 2005b). However, attachment of heavier seed ...
... influence the attachment to smoother coats like these of cattle significantly, but attachment to sheep wool was less dependent on such structures. All tested seed species without morphological structures were relatively lightweight (p0.7 mg) (Mouissie et al. 2005b). However, attachment of heavier seed ...
CP Ecology Notes Part 4
... physically break up the rocks, extract minerals, and provide organic matter that will decompose and become the soil for ...
... physically break up the rocks, extract minerals, and provide organic matter that will decompose and become the soil for ...
Network structural properties mediate the stability of mutualistic
... mutualistic communities, largely due to the lack of a general means with which to characterize their community structures, like that of a food web for predator–prey interactions. Recently, however, the extension of network theory to mutualistic communities [and food webs (Dunne et al. 2002; Williams ...
... mutualistic communities, largely due to the lack of a general means with which to characterize their community structures, like that of a food web for predator–prey interactions. Recently, however, the extension of network theory to mutualistic communities [and food webs (Dunne et al. 2002; Williams ...
Trophic ecology of two sympatric lizard species: the
... interspecific competition and the patterns of resource use (Pianka 1981). Several studies have examined the diet of sympatric species and have suggested that the partitioning of trophic resources may be important for regulating coexistence in lizard communities (Luiselli 2008). However, differences ...
... interspecific competition and the patterns of resource use (Pianka 1981). Several studies have examined the diet of sympatric species and have suggested that the partitioning of trophic resources may be important for regulating coexistence in lizard communities (Luiselli 2008). However, differences ...
Does plant trait plasticity explain the relative competitive ability of
... in order to increase the production (Güsewell, 2004). Plant species which are N-‐ limited obtain maximal production by increasing N supply, while for P-‐limited species maximal production is obt ...
... in order to increase the production (Güsewell, 2004). Plant species which are N-‐ limited obtain maximal production by increasing N supply, while for P-‐limited species maximal production is obt ...
Use of Riparian Corridors and Vineyards by Mammalian Predators
... Vineyards were sampled from April through December of 2000. We sampled only one vineyard study area at a time and alternated sampling of near and far study areas to minimize the effects of time of year. We recorded occurrence data by study area for each species. For domestic cats, individuals were d ...
... Vineyards were sampled from April through December of 2000. We sampled only one vineyard study area at a time and alternated sampling of near and far study areas to minimize the effects of time of year. We recorded occurrence data by study area for each species. For domestic cats, individuals were d ...
Environmental Fitness for Sustained Population Dynamics
... story. Complex behaviors appear even when there is no scarcity of resources. For example, bees may arguably compete against other insects for access to pollen. But this resource is sufficiently abundant so their organization is based more around collecting it, than around fighting for it. This study ...
... story. Complex behaviors appear even when there is no scarcity of resources. For example, bees may arguably compete against other insects for access to pollen. But this resource is sufficiently abundant so their organization is based more around collecting it, than around fighting for it. This study ...
Initial Plant Growth in Sand Mine Spoil Amended with Peat Moss
... pots and propagated them under greenhouse conditions. Results indicate that sundial lupine and Illinois bundleflower exhibited the greatest germination and growth among species. Peat moss had the greatest overall impact on germination and growth while the addition of fertilizer positively affected i ...
... pots and propagated them under greenhouse conditions. Results indicate that sundial lupine and Illinois bundleflower exhibited the greatest germination and growth among species. Peat moss had the greatest overall impact on germination and growth while the addition of fertilizer positively affected i ...
delete this box - TAFE Richmond Animal Care
... Measurements should be taken with calipers where appropriate. DELETE THIS BOX^ ...
... Measurements should be taken with calipers where appropriate. DELETE THIS BOX^ ...
Artificial Lighting - The Nature Conservancy
... impacts on the surrounding ecosystem. The Appalachian region is host to vast stretches of interior forest that are naturally dark and have relatively few artificial light influences. This makes infrastructure lighting within these areas a concern for wildlife and recreation. As development expands, ...
... impacts on the surrounding ecosystem. The Appalachian region is host to vast stretches of interior forest that are naturally dark and have relatively few artificial light influences. This makes infrastructure lighting within these areas a concern for wildlife and recreation. As development expands, ...
- Wiley Online Library
... see scientists continuing to catalog the diversity of microbial communities from environmental, engineered and host-associated ecosystems. Microbiologists will intensify their curiosity for the mechanisms underlying commonness and rarity and will generate massive datasets to advance the understandin ...
... see scientists continuing to catalog the diversity of microbial communities from environmental, engineered and host-associated ecosystems. Microbiologists will intensify their curiosity for the mechanisms underlying commonness and rarity and will generate massive datasets to advance the understandin ...
The consequences of consumer diversity loss
... Stachowicz 2007). Four of the most common conspicuous mobile consumer taxonomic groups in Spud Point are crabs, limpets, urchins, and chitons (J. Byrnes, personal observation). Although these groups are comprised of multiple species, for our experiment, we used the most common single species from ea ...
... Stachowicz 2007). Four of the most common conspicuous mobile consumer taxonomic groups in Spud Point are crabs, limpets, urchins, and chitons (J. Byrnes, personal observation). Although these groups are comprised of multiple species, for our experiment, we used the most common single species from ea ...
Species richness and evenness respond in a
... each pot were either defoliated to 5 cm, or left undefoliated (control). Plants in pots were defoliated bimonthly thereafter (Wilsey 2002). This gave us six treatments with 10 pots per treatment or 60 pots total. Pots were watered weekly in a way that was meant to fall within the range of average ra ...
... each pot were either defoliated to 5 cm, or left undefoliated (control). Plants in pots were defoliated bimonthly thereafter (Wilsey 2002). This gave us six treatments with 10 pots per treatment or 60 pots total. Pots were watered weekly in a way that was meant to fall within the range of average ra ...
Bifrenaria
Bifrenaria, abbreviated Bif. in horticultural trade, is a genus of plant in family Orchidaceae. It contains 20 species found in Panama, Trinidad and South America. There are no known uses for them, but their abundant, and at first glance artificial, flowers, make them favorites of orchid growers.The genus can be split in two clearly distinct groups: one of highly robust plants with large flowers, that encompass the first species to be classified under the genus Bifrenaria; other of more delicate plants with smaller flowers occasionally classified as Stenocoryne or Adipe. There are two additional species that are normally classified as Bifrenaria, but which molecular analysis indicate to belong to different orchid groups entirely. One is Bifrenaria grandis which is endemic to Bolívia and which is now placed in Lacaena, and Bifrenaria steyermarkii, an inhabitant of the northern Amazon Forest, which does not have an alternative classification.