introduction presentation - Sinoe Medical Association
... • Dendrites are thin, branched processes whose main function is to receive incoming signals. • They effectively increase the surface area of a neuron to increase its ability to communicate with other neurons. ...
... • Dendrites are thin, branched processes whose main function is to receive incoming signals. • They effectively increase the surface area of a neuron to increase its ability to communicate with other neurons. ...
Multiple dynamic representations in the motor cortex
... In contrast, expert mice protracted their whiskers through a large angle to search for the pole soon after it became available (within approximately 350 ms) (auditory cue, Fig. 1d, e)27. The repeatability of whisking across trials (Pearson’s correlation coefficient; r 5 0.57, P , 0.001) (Supplementa ...
... In contrast, expert mice protracted their whiskers through a large angle to search for the pole soon after it became available (within approximately 350 ms) (auditory cue, Fig. 1d, e)27. The repeatability of whisking across trials (Pearson’s correlation coefficient; r 5 0.57, P , 0.001) (Supplementa ...
Corticofugal Modulation of Initial Sound
... mixture of ketamine (85 mg/kg, i.p.) and xylazine (15 mg/kg, i.p.), the mouse’s head was fixed in a custom-made head holder by rigidly clamping between the palate and nasal/frontal bones. The mouth bar was adjusted to align the bregma and points of the skull in one horizontal plane. The scalp was ...
... mixture of ketamine (85 mg/kg, i.p.) and xylazine (15 mg/kg, i.p.), the mouse’s head was fixed in a custom-made head holder by rigidly clamping between the palate and nasal/frontal bones. The mouth bar was adjusted to align the bregma and points of the skull in one horizontal plane. The scalp was ...
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... their emergence (i.e., development) are still elusive. Are cells in V1 totally genetically wired to detect orientations of visual stimuli? This issue is important since the later layers of network, with their larger receptive fields, need to detect features that are more complex than oriented edges, ...
... their emergence (i.e., development) are still elusive. Are cells in V1 totally genetically wired to detect orientations of visual stimuli? This issue is important since the later layers of network, with their larger receptive fields, need to detect features that are more complex than oriented edges, ...
pdf file. - Harvard Vision Lab
... analysing sensory input. One way in which the brain keeps track of self-movement is by monitoring an internal copy, or corollary discharge, of motor commands1–13. This concept could explain why we perceive a stable visual world despite our frequent quick, or saccadic, eye movements: corollary discha ...
... analysing sensory input. One way in which the brain keeps track of self-movement is by monitoring an internal copy, or corollary discharge, of motor commands1–13. This concept could explain why we perceive a stable visual world despite our frequent quick, or saccadic, eye movements: corollary discha ...
Ultrastructural Characterization of Gerbil Olivocochlear Neurons
... with fewer found in the lateral limb. These distribution patterns also agree with the ones described in the gerbil LSO for LOC neurons labeled by retrograde transport of tritiated D-ASP from the cochlea (Ryan et al., 1987). It is still unresolved whether the small neurons compose the entire populati ...
... with fewer found in the lateral limb. These distribution patterns also agree with the ones described in the gerbil LSO for LOC neurons labeled by retrograde transport of tritiated D-ASP from the cochlea (Ryan et al., 1987). It is still unresolved whether the small neurons compose the entire populati ...
Coding of Auditory-Stimulus Identity in the Auditory Non
... Submitted 26 September 2007; accepted in final form 7 November 2007 ...
... Submitted 26 September 2007; accepted in final form 7 November 2007 ...
Sequential Development of Electrical and Chemical Synaptic
... development of a motor circuit that produces a segmental behavior, local bending (LB). Localized touch to the body wall elicits LB, a longitudinal contraction on the side touched and simultaneous relaxation of the opposite side (Kristan, 1982). Embryonic behaviors in Hirudo medicinalis appear in seq ...
... development of a motor circuit that produces a segmental behavior, local bending (LB). Localized touch to the body wall elicits LB, a longitudinal contraction on the side touched and simultaneous relaxation of the opposite side (Kristan, 1982). Embryonic behaviors in Hirudo medicinalis appear in seq ...
optical imaging and control of genetically designated neurons in
... synaptic potentials or currents, for example, or the active conductances and passive cable properties that modulate them. Used as an actuator, the electrode can control membrane potential near the site of impalement but not necessarily in more remote locations, particularly if the cellular geometry ...
... synaptic potentials or currents, for example, or the active conductances and passive cable properties that modulate them. Used as an actuator, the electrode can control membrane potential near the site of impalement but not necessarily in more remote locations, particularly if the cellular geometry ...
Parallel Transformation of Tactile Signals in Central Circuits of
... Whole-cell patch clamp recordings were performed as previously described (Wilson et al., 2004), with some modifications. Flies were cold-anesthetized and fixed to the underside of a custom-milled steel platform (0.001” thickness). The fly was mounted with its ventral side facing up, using UV-cured g ...
... Whole-cell patch clamp recordings were performed as previously described (Wilson et al., 2004), with some modifications. Flies were cold-anesthetized and fixed to the underside of a custom-milled steel platform (0.001” thickness). The fly was mounted with its ventral side facing up, using UV-cured g ...
stereological estimates of dopaminergic, gabaergic and
... in reward processing, learning and memory, and movement. Within these midbrain regions and admixed with the dopamine neurons, are also substantial populations of GABAergic neurons that regulate dopamine neuron activity and have projection targets similar to those of dopamine neurons. Additionally, t ...
... in reward processing, learning and memory, and movement. Within these midbrain regions and admixed with the dopamine neurons, are also substantial populations of GABAergic neurons that regulate dopamine neuron activity and have projection targets similar to those of dopamine neurons. Additionally, t ...
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... or sweet). We experimented with this motivational system for two settings. The first is a visual recognition setting to investigate how such a system can learn through interactions with a teacher, who does not directly give answers, but only punishments and rewards. The second is a setting for wande ...
... or sweet). We experimented with this motivational system for two settings. The first is a visual recognition setting to investigate how such a system can learn through interactions with a teacher, who does not directly give answers, but only punishments and rewards. The second is a setting for wande ...
Project Report: Investigating topographic neural map development
... “taps” many more rod photoreceptors than cone bipolars do with cone photoreceptors. The result is a high sensitivity information encoder, enabling visual perception in low-light and peripheral areas. The rod bipolars then drive a special amacrine cell which synapses onto the axons of the cone bipola ...
... “taps” many more rod photoreceptors than cone bipolars do with cone photoreceptors. The result is a high sensitivity information encoder, enabling visual perception in low-light and peripheral areas. The rod bipolars then drive a special amacrine cell which synapses onto the axons of the cone bipola ...
Mechanism of Irregular Firing of Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Neurons
... ally preserved in the whole cell configuration. As apparent from the intracellular voltage recordings, regular activity was not associated with visible postsynaptic potentials and showed a smooth depolarizing trajectory between action potentials. Figure 1B illustrates an example of irregular activit ...
... ally preserved in the whole cell configuration. As apparent from the intracellular voltage recordings, regular activity was not associated with visible postsynaptic potentials and showed a smooth depolarizing trajectory between action potentials. Figure 1B illustrates an example of irregular activit ...
Heterogeneity of the Population of Command Neurons in the Lamprey
... (PRRN )]. To stimulate a neuron, positive current pulses were passed through the recording intracellular electrode (Stim ME). Activity of MNs was recorded bilaterally in segment 20 by means of suction electrodes from the dorsal and ventral branches of a ventral root (id, ipsilateral dorsal branch; i ...
... (PRRN )]. To stimulate a neuron, positive current pulses were passed through the recording intracellular electrode (Stim ME). Activity of MNs was recorded bilaterally in segment 20 by means of suction electrodes from the dorsal and ventral branches of a ventral root (id, ipsilateral dorsal branch; i ...
Serotonin Depletion In Vivo Inhibits the
... accessory lobe (AL) could be identified as belonging to one of two groups on the basis of their arborizations within the lobe. The primary neurites of the first group (type I) passed only into the initial portion of the AL before arborizing around the outside of the lobe (Fig. 2C). AL projection neu ...
... accessory lobe (AL) could be identified as belonging to one of two groups on the basis of their arborizations within the lobe. The primary neurites of the first group (type I) passed only into the initial portion of the AL before arborizing around the outside of the lobe (Fig. 2C). AL projection neu ...
Modelling fast stimulus-response association learning along the
... There appear to be at least two stages in learning SR rules, the first being driven by the instruction and the second driven by actual or possibly mentally simulated practice. The first uses a network of PFC, PM and PPC areas (Ruge and Wolfensteller, 2009; Cole et al, 2010; Brass et al., 2009). The ...
... There appear to be at least two stages in learning SR rules, the first being driven by the instruction and the second driven by actual or possibly mentally simulated practice. The first uses a network of PFC, PM and PPC areas (Ruge and Wolfensteller, 2009; Cole et al, 2010; Brass et al., 2009). The ...
“Black” Responses Dominate Macaque Primary Visual Cortex
... m 2) and light decrement (luminance, 11 cd/m 2) were equal. The stimulus was sparse in both space and time: only one square (either bright or dark) was shown in each frame. Each sparse noise image appeared for 40 or 50 ms and the entire sequence lasted ⬃14 or ⬃18 min (a total of 288 images, each ima ...
... m 2) and light decrement (luminance, 11 cd/m 2) were equal. The stimulus was sparse in both space and time: only one square (either bright or dark) was shown in each frame. Each sparse noise image appeared for 40 or 50 ms and the entire sequence lasted ⬃14 or ⬃18 min (a total of 288 images, each ima ...
PAX: A mixed hardware/software simulation platform for
... computing the neurons‟ asynchronous spikes. Neuron models can precisely describe the biophysics of spikes (action potentials) by computing the currents flowing through cell membrane and synaptic nodes. It is possible to reduce the size of these models to facilitate their computation. Other popular m ...
... computing the neurons‟ asynchronous spikes. Neuron models can precisely describe the biophysics of spikes (action potentials) by computing the currents flowing through cell membrane and synaptic nodes. It is possible to reduce the size of these models to facilitate their computation. Other popular m ...
Spike sorting: the overlapping spikes challenge
... that almost simultaneously active neurons can lead to superimposed waveforms (grey) (Modified from [4]). ...
... that almost simultaneously active neurons can lead to superimposed waveforms (grey) (Modified from [4]). ...
Denes et al. 2007 - Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B
... what their initial structure and function was. It is also unclear whether the CNS of vertebrates and invertebrates trace back to a common CNS precursor (Arendt & Nübler-Jung 1999) or whether they are of independent evolutionary origin (Holland 2003; Lowe et al. 2003). This review addresses the ques ...
... what their initial structure and function was. It is also unclear whether the CNS of vertebrates and invertebrates trace back to a common CNS precursor (Arendt & Nübler-Jung 1999) or whether they are of independent evolutionary origin (Holland 2003; Lowe et al. 2003). This review addresses the ques ...
An implantable electrode design for both chronic in vivo
... responsible for the positioning of the abdomen (Kennedy and Takeda, 1965a,b; Parnas and Atwood, 1966). The design of the implanted electrode presented here allowed us to monitor neuronal activity in the distal part of the N2 of the crayfish while leaving the animal with maximum freedom of movement. ...
... responsible for the positioning of the abdomen (Kennedy and Takeda, 1965a,b; Parnas and Atwood, 1966). The design of the implanted electrode presented here allowed us to monitor neuronal activity in the distal part of the N2 of the crayfish while leaving the animal with maximum freedom of movement. ...
17-Basal ganglion
... Originates from the pars compacta of the ipsilateral substantia nigra of the midbrain tegmentum to caudate nucleus and putamen. The neurons of pars compacta contain the dark pigment neuromelanin. Their transmitter is the monoamine dopamine which has both excitatory and inhibitory effects upon striat ...
... Originates from the pars compacta of the ipsilateral substantia nigra of the midbrain tegmentum to caudate nucleus and putamen. The neurons of pars compacta contain the dark pigment neuromelanin. Their transmitter is the monoamine dopamine which has both excitatory and inhibitory effects upon striat ...
Single Nigrostriatal Dopaminergic Neurons Form Widely Spread
... nigrostriatal system in dopamine-based learning and suggests that neurodegeneration of individual nigral neurons can affect multiple neurons in the striatum. Thus, these results would also contribute to understanding the clinicopathology of Parkinson’s disease and related syndromes. Key words: dopam ...
... nigrostriatal system in dopamine-based learning and suggests that neurodegeneration of individual nigral neurons can affect multiple neurons in the striatum. Thus, these results would also contribute to understanding the clinicopathology of Parkinson’s disease and related syndromes. Key words: dopam ...