Watching synapses during sensory information
... of two-photon microscopy may help to answer whether this salt-and-pepper like organization also exists in deeper cortical layers or even in subcortical brain regions. In addition, further studies should also be performed to understand what happens in different cell types and in different species. A ...
... of two-photon microscopy may help to answer whether this salt-and-pepper like organization also exists in deeper cortical layers or even in subcortical brain regions. In addition, further studies should also be performed to understand what happens in different cell types and in different species. A ...
PDF
... In summary, we found that the coincidence timing curve for the initiation of dendritic spikes in L5 pyramidal neurons was wider than for L6 and for L2/3 pyramidal neurons. L6 and L2/3 pyramidal neurons exhibited similar coincidence detection windows to each other but were narrower than in L5 cells i ...
... In summary, we found that the coincidence timing curve for the initiation of dendritic spikes in L5 pyramidal neurons was wider than for L6 and for L2/3 pyramidal neurons. L6 and L2/3 pyramidal neurons exhibited similar coincidence detection windows to each other but were narrower than in L5 cells i ...
Synapse
... 5. Its amplitude (very small) about 0.5 mv • To produce action potential must be summated. • The summation is of 2 types: spatial and temporal summation ...
... 5. Its amplitude (very small) about 0.5 mv • To produce action potential must be summated. • The summation is of 2 types: spatial and temporal summation ...
Temporal and spatial alterations in GPi neuronal encoding might
... calculated for each recorded neuron, in relation to the four following events: the GO signal, the onset of muscle activity, the onset of movement (for monkey J) and, finally, the reward. The mean and standard deviation (SD) of the mean rate estimate were determined over a baseline region (during the ...
... calculated for each recorded neuron, in relation to the four following events: the GO signal, the onset of muscle activity, the onset of movement (for monkey J) and, finally, the reward. The mean and standard deviation (SD) of the mean rate estimate were determined over a baseline region (during the ...
The evolution of nervous system centralization
... what their initial structure and function was. It is also unclear whether the CNS of vertebrates and invertebrates trace back to a common CNS precursor (Arendt & Nübler-Jung 1999) or whether they are of independent evolutionary origin (Holland 2003; Lowe et al. 2003). This review addresses the ques ...
... what their initial structure and function was. It is also unclear whether the CNS of vertebrates and invertebrates trace back to a common CNS precursor (Arendt & Nübler-Jung 1999) or whether they are of independent evolutionary origin (Holland 2003; Lowe et al. 2003). This review addresses the ques ...
Action-based language: A theory of language acquisition
... asserts that sentences are understood by creating a simulation of the actions that underlie them. Glenberg and Kaschak (2002) tested this proposal in a task in which participants judged the sensibility of sentences describing the transfer of concrete objects such as “Andy delivered the pizza to you/ ...
... asserts that sentences are understood by creating a simulation of the actions that underlie them. Glenberg and Kaschak (2002) tested this proposal in a task in which participants judged the sensibility of sentences describing the transfer of concrete objects such as “Andy delivered the pizza to you/ ...
er81 is expressed in a subpopulation of layer 5
... However, cell classes cannot be determined only from their laminar positions. For example, in layer 5, even adjacent pyramidal neurons project to different target areas, and have distinct dendritic morphology and electrophysiological properties (O’Leary et al., 1990; Kasper et al., 1994; Lewis and O ...
... However, cell classes cannot be determined only from their laminar positions. For example, in layer 5, even adjacent pyramidal neurons project to different target areas, and have distinct dendritic morphology and electrophysiological properties (O’Leary et al., 1990; Kasper et al., 1994; Lewis and O ...
Complex Cell-like Direction Selectivity through Spike
... retinotopic inputs from the LGN, were s~~fficient to elicit a spike from each neuron. The effects of spike-timing dependent learning on the excitatory and inhibitory synaptic connections in the network are shown in Fig 26 ("After Learning"). There is a profound asymmetry in the developed pattern of ...
... retinotopic inputs from the LGN, were s~~fficient to elicit a spike from each neuron. The effects of spike-timing dependent learning on the excitatory and inhibitory synaptic connections in the network are shown in Fig 26 ("After Learning"). There is a profound asymmetry in the developed pattern of ...
Hierarchical somatosensory processing
... [61] and for the bilateral joints [1,2,65]. Taoka e[crL ((23”]; hl Taoka, T Toda, Y Iwamura, Sot ;‘vpuro.k Abstr 1997, 23: 1007) have shown that the RF properties of bilateral neurons are more complex in the anterior bank of IPS (the majority in area 5) than in the crown of the postcentral ...
... [61] and for the bilateral joints [1,2,65]. Taoka e[crL ((23”]; hl Taoka, T Toda, Y Iwamura, Sot ;‘vpuro.k Abstr 1997, 23: 1007) have shown that the RF properties of bilateral neurons are more complex in the anterior bank of IPS (the majority in area 5) than in the crown of the postcentral ...
Bi150 (2005)
... The nose can detect and (in principle) classify thousands of different compounds. The ‘mapping’ of these compounds probably occurs by matching to memory templates stored in the brain; thus, a smell is categorized based on one’s previous experiences of it and on the other sensory stimuli that correla ...
... The nose can detect and (in principle) classify thousands of different compounds. The ‘mapping’ of these compounds probably occurs by matching to memory templates stored in the brain; thus, a smell is categorized based on one’s previous experiences of it and on the other sensory stimuli that correla ...
Embryological origin for autism
... and the cerebella of autistic cases. The hypothesis that autism is initiated at the time when the cranial nerve motor nuclei are forming cannot be tested from the existing anatomical literature. We prepared and examined serial sections from the brainstem of a n autistic patient for evidence of abnor ...
... and the cerebella of autistic cases. The hypothesis that autism is initiated at the time when the cranial nerve motor nuclei are forming cannot be tested from the existing anatomical literature. We prepared and examined serial sections from the brainstem of a n autistic patient for evidence of abnor ...
Activity of Defined Mushroom Body Output Neurons
... In Drosophila, innate behavioral responses to odors can be redirected toward approach or avoidance by a learning session that couples odor exposure with rewarding sugar or punitive electric shock, respectively (Tempel et al., 1983; Tully and Quinn, 1985). Recently, substantial progress has been made ...
... In Drosophila, innate behavioral responses to odors can be redirected toward approach or avoidance by a learning session that couples odor exposure with rewarding sugar or punitive electric shock, respectively (Tempel et al., 1983; Tully and Quinn, 1985). Recently, substantial progress has been made ...
Dissociation of Mnemonic Coding and Other Functional Neuronal
... fired in relation to the DA task performance and 39% were responsive to sensory stimulation or to the movements of the monkey outside of the memory task context. Altogether 42% of the recorded neurons were neither activated by the various stimuli nor by the DA task performance. Three types of task-r ...
... fired in relation to the DA task performance and 39% were responsive to sensory stimulation or to the movements of the monkey outside of the memory task context. Altogether 42% of the recorded neurons were neither activated by the various stimuli nor by the DA task performance. Three types of task-r ...
Brainwaves ("40 Hz") Research
... progressively more complex features of objects. This scheme, however, is inflexible and inefficient. Conjunctions of more and more combinations of "low-level" features are needed to define progressively "higher level" features. It is difficult to see how such a scheme copes with the vast range of ob ...
... progressively more complex features of objects. This scheme, however, is inflexible and inefficient. Conjunctions of more and more combinations of "low-level" features are needed to define progressively "higher level" features. It is difficult to see how such a scheme copes with the vast range of ob ...
Integrated model of visual processing
... the largest and most detailed general-purpose representations of the visual field could therefore act as ‘active blackboards’ [31] integrating in their neuronal responses the computations done in higher order areas. Such modifications of responses could in turn change the responses of neurons in oth ...
... the largest and most detailed general-purpose representations of the visual field could therefore act as ‘active blackboards’ [31] integrating in their neuronal responses the computations done in higher order areas. Such modifications of responses could in turn change the responses of neurons in oth ...
File
... Synaptic Transmission • Small vesicles in the end plates of neurons contain chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. • As an impulse moves along a neuron, it causes the release of these neurotransmitters from the end plates. • Neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron into the ...
... Synaptic Transmission • Small vesicles in the end plates of neurons contain chemical messengers called neurotransmitters. • As an impulse moves along a neuron, it causes the release of these neurotransmitters from the end plates. • Neurotransmitters are released from the presynaptic neuron into the ...
State-dependent computations - Frankfurt Institute for Advanced
... incoming stimuli and the internal state of a neural network will shape the population response in a complex fashion. However, defining the internal state of a neural network is not straightforward, and it will thus be useful to distinguish between two components, which we will refer to as the active ...
... incoming stimuli and the internal state of a neural network will shape the population response in a complex fashion. However, defining the internal state of a neural network is not straightforward, and it will thus be useful to distinguish between two components, which we will refer to as the active ...
Loss of IP receptor function in neuropeptide Drosophila
... Discussion and conclusions Insulin-like peptides (ILPs), which are secreted by a subset of the medial neurosecretory cells in the brain (Figure 1), regulate lipid homeostasis in the fat body cells of adult Drosophila [22,23]. The obese phenotype observed in adult itpr mutants suggested a role for IP ...
... Discussion and conclusions Insulin-like peptides (ILPs), which are secreted by a subset of the medial neurosecretory cells in the brain (Figure 1), regulate lipid homeostasis in the fat body cells of adult Drosophila [22,23]. The obese phenotype observed in adult itpr mutants suggested a role for IP ...
