Brain Electrical Activity During Waking and Sleep States
... produced activation of the EEG (low voltage fast electrical activity, or LFA), an effect evoked by stimulation of the central core of the brainstem in a region extending upward from the bulbar RF to the mesodiencephalic junction, the dorsal hypothalamus, and the ventral thalamus. In many features t ...
... produced activation of the EEG (low voltage fast electrical activity, or LFA), an effect evoked by stimulation of the central core of the brainstem in a region extending upward from the bulbar RF to the mesodiencephalic junction, the dorsal hypothalamus, and the ventral thalamus. In many features t ...
Visual Properties of Neurons in a Polysensory Area in Superior
... Most STP units, 70% of the 199 tested, had little or no preference for stimulus size, shape, orientation, or contrast. These nonselective units would respond similarly to spots and slits of light, to shadows, to slides and photographs of complex objects, and to three-dimensional objects. Many of the ...
... Most STP units, 70% of the 199 tested, had little or no preference for stimulus size, shape, orientation, or contrast. These nonselective units would respond similarly to spots and slits of light, to shadows, to slides and photographs of complex objects, and to three-dimensional objects. Many of the ...
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... Malsburg, 1999; Rachkovskij and Kussul, 2001) and limit the development of AI. In addition, mechanisms should be in place for the system to generate hypotheses and to allow interaction between internally generated hypotheses and external evidence that permits sensory data to support or reject intern ...
... Malsburg, 1999; Rachkovskij and Kussul, 2001) and limit the development of AI. In addition, mechanisms should be in place for the system to generate hypotheses and to allow interaction between internally generated hypotheses and external evidence that permits sensory data to support or reject intern ...
The neuronal structure of the medial geniculate body in the pig
... (15–30 mm) into secondary dendrites. The secondary dendrites branch at a different distance from the cell body. Sporadically, undivided dendrites are also observed. The length of the primary and secondary dendrites is almost equal but the tertiary branches are usually prominently longer. The dendrit ...
... (15–30 mm) into secondary dendrites. The secondary dendrites branch at a different distance from the cell body. Sporadically, undivided dendrites are also observed. The length of the primary and secondary dendrites is almost equal but the tertiary branches are usually prominently longer. The dendrit ...
Mitochondrial DNA deletions are abundant and
... studies have focused on a single ‘common’ type of deletion5,6. Thus, the absolute burden of all possible mtDNA deletions, the most important parameter with respect to physiological relevance of these mutations, remained unknown. The substantia nigra, the primary site of neurodegeneration in Parkinso ...
... studies have focused on a single ‘common’ type of deletion5,6. Thus, the absolute burden of all possible mtDNA deletions, the most important parameter with respect to physiological relevance of these mutations, remained unknown. The substantia nigra, the primary site of neurodegeneration in Parkinso ...
Volitional enhancement of firing synchrony and oscillation
... the monkeys making a motor response, and indicated that neuronal firings constituted a volitional operant response enhanced by reward. The control task of the experiment suggested that these changes of firing were unlikely to reflect simple reward predictions. In humans, Cerf et al. (2010) demonstra ...
... the monkeys making a motor response, and indicated that neuronal firings constituted a volitional operant response enhanced by reward. The control task of the experiment suggested that these changes of firing were unlikely to reflect simple reward predictions. In humans, Cerf et al. (2010) demonstra ...
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... & Heller, 2004) states that the set of genes in the nuclei of every cell is functionally complete — sufficient to guide the development from a single cell into an entire adult life. There are no genes that are devoted to more than one cell as a whole. Therefore, development guided by the genome is c ...
... & Heller, 2004) states that the set of genes in the nuclei of every cell is functionally complete — sufficient to guide the development from a single cell into an entire adult life. There are no genes that are devoted to more than one cell as a whole. Therefore, development guided by the genome is c ...
Brain Electrical Activity During Waking and Sleep States
... to the direct sensory pathways is required for the maintenance of wakefulness. In 1949 Moruzzi and Magoun discovered that rapid stimulation (50-200/sec) of the brainstem produced activation of the EEG (low voltage fast electrical activity, or LFA), an effect evoked by stimulation of the central core ...
... to the direct sensory pathways is required for the maintenance of wakefulness. In 1949 Moruzzi and Magoun discovered that rapid stimulation (50-200/sec) of the brainstem produced activation of the EEG (low voltage fast electrical activity, or LFA), an effect evoked by stimulation of the central core ...
Turtle Dorsal Cortex Pyramidal Neurons Comprise Two Distinct Cell
... Care and Use Committee and conform to the guidelines of the National Institutes of Health on the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans, 150–200 g weight, 12–15 cm carapace length, of either sex. Niles Biological Inc, Sacramento, CA, USA) were used in ...
... Care and Use Committee and conform to the guidelines of the National Institutes of Health on the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. Red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans, 150–200 g weight, 12–15 cm carapace length, of either sex. Niles Biological Inc, Sacramento, CA, USA) were used in ...
The Basal Ganglia and Chunking of Action Repertoires
... responses, respectively, through LTP or LTD (Fig. 2). Based on fast GABA transmission from the striatum to the pallidum and the substantia nigra, LTP would lead to decreased outflow on activation of B neurons and LTD to increased outflow. But other long-term effects could also occur, in part through ...
... responses, respectively, through LTP or LTD (Fig. 2). Based on fast GABA transmission from the striatum to the pallidum and the substantia nigra, LTP would lead to decreased outflow on activation of B neurons and LTD to increased outflow. But other long-term effects could also occur, in part through ...
Discharge Rate of Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata Neurons Is
... behavior and attention deficits (Jankovic 2001). Although each of these syndromes is unique and may have a distinct pathophysiology (Mink 2003), evidence from various studies suggests that a common characteristic of the different types of dyskinesia is inappropriate dopaminergic activity. Drugs that ...
... behavior and attention deficits (Jankovic 2001). Although each of these syndromes is unique and may have a distinct pathophysiology (Mink 2003), evidence from various studies suggests that a common characteristic of the different types of dyskinesia is inappropriate dopaminergic activity. Drugs that ...
Loss of Neurons in Magnocellular and Parvocellular Layers of the
... in control monkeys. Retinal ganglion cells of the right nasal hemiretina and fovea project to the left LGN layers 1, 4, and 6, and compose approximately 50% of the right eye retinal ganglion cells.9 The difference in nerve fiber loss between the nasal and temporal quadrants of the right optic nerves ...
... in control monkeys. Retinal ganglion cells of the right nasal hemiretina and fovea project to the left LGN layers 1, 4, and 6, and compose approximately 50% of the right eye retinal ganglion cells.9 The difference in nerve fiber loss between the nasal and temporal quadrants of the right optic nerves ...
DescendSC10
... 2nd component; for muscles of the limbs and trunk motor neurons and interneurons located in: ventral horn and internal zone of the spinal cord. A parallel exists for the muscles of the head: cranial nerve motor nuclei and reticular formation in the brainstem – these are analogous to above areas. 1 ...
... 2nd component; for muscles of the limbs and trunk motor neurons and interneurons located in: ventral horn and internal zone of the spinal cord. A parallel exists for the muscles of the head: cranial nerve motor nuclei and reticular formation in the brainstem – these are analogous to above areas. 1 ...
Motor Cortical Networks for Skilled Movements Have Reaching
... defined as the average firing rate of a neuron during control periods (when the animal was sitting quietly) (Figures 1(a) and 1(b)). Analysis of spike duration was performed using the “Spike2” software package (CED, Cambridge, UK), and spike duration was determined using the distance between the two ...
... defined as the average firing rate of a neuron during control periods (when the animal was sitting quietly) (Figures 1(a) and 1(b)). Analysis of spike duration was performed using the “Spike2” software package (CED, Cambridge, UK), and spike duration was determined using the distance between the two ...
Morphological and Quantitative Study of Neurons in the Gracile
... on a broad pad that connects its two long toes. This cushion-like pad spreads when the camel places its foot on the ground. The pad supports the animal on loose sand. The camel’s cushioned feet make almost no sound when the animal walks or runs [13]. These features of the limbs of the camel enable i ...
... on a broad pad that connects its two long toes. This cushion-like pad spreads when the camel places its foot on the ground. The pad supports the animal on loose sand. The camel’s cushioned feet make almost no sound when the animal walks or runs [13]. These features of the limbs of the camel enable i ...
Forward Processing of Long-Term Associative Memory in Monkey
... Subjects. The subjects were three adult monkeys (Macaca fuscata; 6.0 –9.0 kg). Head bolts and a chamber for microelectrode recording were attached to the skull under aseptic conditions and general anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital (25 mg per kilogram of body weight per hour, i.v.). By referring t ...
... Subjects. The subjects were three adult monkeys (Macaca fuscata; 6.0 –9.0 kg). Head bolts and a chamber for microelectrode recording were attached to the skull under aseptic conditions and general anesthesia with sodium pentobarbital (25 mg per kilogram of body weight per hour, i.v.). By referring t ...
Subcircuit-specific neuromodulation in the prefrontal cortex
... the PFC is disrupted. Anatomically, the PFC is reciprocally connected with virtually all neuromodulatory centers. Recent studies of PFC neurons, both in vivo and ex vivo, have found that subpopulations of prefrontal projection neurons can be segregated into distinct subcircuits based on their long-r ...
... the PFC is disrupted. Anatomically, the PFC is reciprocally connected with virtually all neuromodulatory centers. Recent studies of PFC neurons, both in vivo and ex vivo, have found that subpopulations of prefrontal projection neurons can be segregated into distinct subcircuits based on their long-r ...
Synaptic Transmission between Dorsal Root Ganglion and Dorsal
... NMDA subclass of receptor (Davies et al., 1981a). The ion channel opened by NMDA receptor occupation is subject to a voltagedependent blockade in the presence of micromolar concentrations of magnesium ions (Ault et al., 1980; Mayer et al., 1984; Nowack et al., 1984) thus providing a second means of ...
... NMDA subclass of receptor (Davies et al., 1981a). The ion channel opened by NMDA receptor occupation is subject to a voltagedependent blockade in the presence of micromolar concentrations of magnesium ions (Ault et al., 1980; Mayer et al., 1984; Nowack et al., 1984) thus providing a second means of ...
Regulation of Neuroblast Cell-Cycle Kinetics Plays a Crucial Role in
... to ensure optimal blackening levels, which minimizes the problem of f used grains (Dörmer, 1967; Rogers, 1967; Dörmer and Brinkmann, 1968; Dörmer and Möller, 1968; Sidman, 1970). This is illustrated for individual neurons in different layers of parietal area 3 after injection on E14.5 (Fig. 1). ...
... to ensure optimal blackening levels, which minimizes the problem of f used grains (Dörmer, 1967; Rogers, 1967; Dörmer and Brinkmann, 1968; Dörmer and Möller, 1968; Sidman, 1970). This is illustrated for individual neurons in different layers of parietal area 3 after injection on E14.5 (Fig. 1). ...
BACOFUN_2016 Meeting Booklet - Barrel Cortex Function 2016
... Attention, working memory and executive functions are strongly associated with activity in rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Similar to other cortical areas, the mPFC has a laminar architecture containing functionally different cell types and layers. However, the contribution of individual layers ...
... Attention, working memory and executive functions are strongly associated with activity in rat medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). Similar to other cortical areas, the mPFC has a laminar architecture containing functionally different cell types and layers. However, the contribution of individual layers ...
Mushroom body efferent neurons responsible for aversive olfactory
... Aversive olfactory memory is formed in the mushroom bodies in Drosophila melanogaster. Memory retrieval requires mushroom body output, but the manner in which a memory trace in the mushroom body drives conditioned avoidance of a learned odor remains unknown. To identify neurons that are involved in ...
... Aversive olfactory memory is formed in the mushroom bodies in Drosophila melanogaster. Memory retrieval requires mushroom body output, but the manner in which a memory trace in the mushroom body drives conditioned avoidance of a learned odor remains unknown. To identify neurons that are involved in ...
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... of columns is of approximately same size in both cats and monkeys. The functional properties of neurons are similar within a column, but significantly differ between adjacent columns (Mountcastle, 1997). Seminal work by Hubel and Wiesel in the 1960s and 1970s then triggered tremendous interest in s ...
... of columns is of approximately same size in both cats and monkeys. The functional properties of neurons are similar within a column, but significantly differ between adjacent columns (Mountcastle, 1997). Seminal work by Hubel and Wiesel in the 1960s and 1970s then triggered tremendous interest in s ...