Mapping of second order olfactory neurons and ventral
... blends in the environment is detected and selectively discriminated by neural pathways that are remarkably similarly organized across various species. Due their highly advanced sense of smell and a nervous system being relatively easily accessible for experimental research, insects have been used as ...
... blends in the environment is detected and selectively discriminated by neural pathways that are remarkably similarly organized across various species. Due their highly advanced sense of smell and a nervous system being relatively easily accessible for experimental research, insects have been used as ...
HYPOTHALAMUS
... Somatosensory information may also reach the hypothalamus via a direct route: a projection to the lateral hypothalamic area from wide-dynamic-range mechanoreceptive neurons in the spinal dorsal horn. Auditory input. Despite extensive study, no direct projection to the hypothalamus from the auditory ...
... Somatosensory information may also reach the hypothalamus via a direct route: a projection to the lateral hypothalamic area from wide-dynamic-range mechanoreceptive neurons in the spinal dorsal horn. Auditory input. Despite extensive study, no direct projection to the hypothalamus from the auditory ...
Serotonin 1B Receptor Modulates Frequency Response Curves and
... and were filtered through an FT-6 antialias filter (TDT; Alachua, FL). Stimuli were played through either an earphone biased with 200 V DC (Schuller 1997), positioned in the ear contralateral to the recording electrode, or a midline freefield speaker (Infinity Emit B, Harman International Industries ...
... and were filtered through an FT-6 antialias filter (TDT; Alachua, FL). Stimuli were played through either an earphone biased with 200 V DC (Schuller 1997), positioned in the ear contralateral to the recording electrode, or a midline freefield speaker (Infinity Emit B, Harman International Industries ...
Chapter Two Line Title Here and Chapter Title Here and Here
... 2. In the somatic nervous system, the cell bodies of the neurons are in the spinal cord and their axons extend to the skeletal muscles they innervate. 3. The ANS consists of a two-neuron chain in which the cell body of the first neuron, the preganglionic neuron, resides in the spinal cord, and syna ...
... 2. In the somatic nervous system, the cell bodies of the neurons are in the spinal cord and their axons extend to the skeletal muscles they innervate. 3. The ANS consists of a two-neuron chain in which the cell body of the first neuron, the preganglionic neuron, resides in the spinal cord, and syna ...
The Role of Mirror Neurons in Movement
... hand and arm muscles provide important evidence that the activity of these cells cannot be explained by any covert movement on the part of the monkey. The question arises as to how output cells (pyramidal tract neurons, PTNs) that are classically involved in the generation of movement can be modulat ...
... hand and arm muscles provide important evidence that the activity of these cells cannot be explained by any covert movement on the part of the monkey. The question arises as to how output cells (pyramidal tract neurons, PTNs) that are classically involved in the generation of movement can be modulat ...
Effect of Adrenalectomy on Miniature Inhibitory Postsynaptic
... cellbody as established during the recording session (see examples in Fig. 1, A--D). Since the intracellular dyes were found to influence the physiological properties of the cells, staining was only performed in a limited number of cells and not routinely applied. Only those neurons that could be id ...
... cellbody as established during the recording session (see examples in Fig. 1, A--D). Since the intracellular dyes were found to influence the physiological properties of the cells, staining was only performed in a limited number of cells and not routinely applied. Only those neurons that could be id ...
Neuronal subtype specification in the cerebral cortex
... Early cortical progenitors normally fated to form deeplayer neurons are multipotent and can generate later born neurons of upper layers when transplanted into the niche of late progenitors25. Progenitors of the upper layers have less plasticity26,27 but can be induced to generate earlier fates under ...
... Early cortical progenitors normally fated to form deeplayer neurons are multipotent and can generate later born neurons of upper layers when transplanted into the niche of late progenitors25. Progenitors of the upper layers have less plasticity26,27 but can be induced to generate earlier fates under ...
Categorical perception of somesthetic stimuli: psychophysical
... maintained their differential responses observed in the categorization task. Some categorical neurons (n = 6) were also studied; the animal categorized the tactile stimulus speeds, but knew in advance whether the stimulus speed was low or high (categorization + light instruction). This was made by i ...
... maintained their differential responses observed in the categorization task. Some categorical neurons (n = 6) were also studied; the animal categorized the tactile stimulus speeds, but knew in advance whether the stimulus speed was low or high (categorization + light instruction). This was made by i ...
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... among these miRNAs, miR-137 was previously found to be enriched in synaptosomes isolated from rat forebrains [12, 32]. We further confirmed that the expression levels of miR137 increased during neuronal differentiation of A94-NSCs (Fig. 1B), and miR-137 expression levels were significantly higher in i ...
... among these miRNAs, miR-137 was previously found to be enriched in synaptosomes isolated from rat forebrains [12, 32]. We further confirmed that the expression levels of miR137 increased during neuronal differentiation of A94-NSCs (Fig. 1B), and miR-137 expression levels were significantly higher in i ...
autonomic nervous system
... sensory and motor neurons. – Autonomic sensory input is not consciously perceived. • The autonomic motor neurons regulate visceral activities by either increasing (exciting) or decreasing (inhibiting) ongoing activities of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands. – Most autonomic responses can not ...
... sensory and motor neurons. – Autonomic sensory input is not consciously perceived. • The autonomic motor neurons regulate visceral activities by either increasing (exciting) or decreasing (inhibiting) ongoing activities of cardiac muscle, smooth muscle, and glands. – Most autonomic responses can not ...
The Fraction of Cortical GABAergic Neurons Is Constant from Near
... neurons generated in the ganglionic eminences by counting on sections the fraction of all GAD67 ⫹ cells that are present in each of three zones: (1) the cortical plate (including cells in the upper intermediate zone) where nearly all GABAergic neurons ultimately reside, (2) the superficial migratory ...
... neurons generated in the ganglionic eminences by counting on sections the fraction of all GAD67 ⫹ cells that are present in each of three zones: (1) the cortical plate (including cells in the upper intermediate zone) where nearly all GABAergic neurons ultimately reside, (2) the superficial migratory ...
Size and number of binucleate and mononucleate superior
... that ageing is therefore a multifaceted phenomenon (Szweda et al. 2003). In the nervous system, the changes most frequently related are neuron loss, atrophy and hypertrophy (Cabello et al. 2002). Nevertheless, these claims are discussed because there are related differences between various components ...
... that ageing is therefore a multifaceted phenomenon (Szweda et al. 2003). In the nervous system, the changes most frequently related are neuron loss, atrophy and hypertrophy (Cabello et al. 2002). Nevertheless, these claims are discussed because there are related differences between various components ...
Irregular persistent activity induced by synaptic excitatory feedback
... Most models of working memory in recurrent neuronal circuits (reviewed in Brunel, 2004) generate persistent activity due to excitatory feedback loops in such circuits. These models are able to account for the firing rates observed in such tasks (Amit and Brunel, 1997; Brunel, 2000; Brunel and Wang, 2 ...
... Most models of working memory in recurrent neuronal circuits (reviewed in Brunel, 2004) generate persistent activity due to excitatory feedback loops in such circuits. These models are able to account for the firing rates observed in such tasks (Amit and Brunel, 1997; Brunel, 2000; Brunel and Wang, 2 ...
Duration Sensitivity to Other Response Properties of the Rat
... et al. 2000). Duration-selective neurons have only been found at or above the level of the inferior colliculus (IC) or its homolog in any of the species studied, so this form of neural filtering seems to be an emergent property that results from circuitry operating within the midbrain. The IC is inn ...
... et al. 2000). Duration-selective neurons have only been found at or above the level of the inferior colliculus (IC) or its homolog in any of the species studied, so this form of neural filtering seems to be an emergent property that results from circuitry operating within the midbrain. The IC is inn ...
Temporal Sequence Detection with Spiking Neurons: Towards
... Furthermore, there is a variety of dynamic processes in the axonal terminal, including paired-pulse facilitation or depression, augmentation, post-tetanus potentiation, etc. The real neurons use these short term dynamics as an additional powerful mechanism for temporal processing. Several studies ha ...
... Furthermore, there is a variety of dynamic processes in the axonal terminal, including paired-pulse facilitation or depression, augmentation, post-tetanus potentiation, etc. The real neurons use these short term dynamics as an additional powerful mechanism for temporal processing. Several studies ha ...
Neural Coding: Higher Order Temporal Patterns in the
... neurons may fire together more often than expected by chance1 without exhibiting an authentic third order interaction. For example, if a neuron participates in two couples, such that each pair fires together more often than by chance, then the three involved neurons will fire together more often th ...
... neurons may fire together more often than expected by chance1 without exhibiting an authentic third order interaction. For example, if a neuron participates in two couples, such that each pair fires together more often than by chance, then the three involved neurons will fire together more often th ...
Mechanical Response Properties of A and C Primary Afferent
... punctate probing and other forms of mechanical stimulation applied to the intracranial dura, primarily at sites on or near the dural venous sinuses or middle meningeal artery. Our initial study of dural afferents used von Frey hairs for measurement of mechanical response thresholds and demonstrated ...
... punctate probing and other forms of mechanical stimulation applied to the intracranial dura, primarily at sites on or near the dural venous sinuses or middle meningeal artery. Our initial study of dural afferents used von Frey hairs for measurement of mechanical response thresholds and demonstrated ...
Chapter 15 Autonomic NS
... • Hypothalamus regulates balance (tone) between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity levels • Some organs have only sympathetic innervation – sweat glands, adrenal medulla, arrector pili mm & many blood vessels – controlled by regulation of the “tone” of the sympathetic system ...
... • Hypothalamus regulates balance (tone) between sympathetic and parasympathetic activity levels • Some organs have only sympathetic innervation – sweat glands, adrenal medulla, arrector pili mm & many blood vessels – controlled by regulation of the “tone” of the sympathetic system ...
The horizontal brain slice preparation: a novel approach for
... The first step for preparing the horizontal brain slice brain preparation is equivalent to the whole brain preparation described by Wu et al. (1996) and Pratt and Aizenman (2007). For this, tadpoles are anesthetized in Steinberg’s solution containing 0.02% MS-222, moved to the recording dish, and pi ...
... The first step for preparing the horizontal brain slice brain preparation is equivalent to the whole brain preparation described by Wu et al. (1996) and Pratt and Aizenman (2007). For this, tadpoles are anesthetized in Steinberg’s solution containing 0.02% MS-222, moved to the recording dish, and pi ...
The Area Postrema - Queen`s University
... of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (DMH) (van der Kooy and Koda 1983; Shapiro and Miselis 1985; see Fig. 3). Intriguingly information from the AP reaches the PVN through both monosynaptic and polysynaptic connections suggesting an integrative capacity wi ...
... of the paraventricular nucleus (PVN) and dorsomedial nucleus of the hypothalamus (DMH) (van der Kooy and Koda 1983; Shapiro and Miselis 1985; see Fig. 3). Intriguingly information from the AP reaches the PVN through both monosynaptic and polysynaptic connections suggesting an integrative capacity wi ...
Chapter 15
... Most organs have dual innervation In general the actions of one system opposes those of the other. Ex. Eye; PS →constrict; Sym → dilation Both divisions are cooperative in salivary glands Predominant tone is parasympathetic in most organs. Sym. tone exists solely in adrenal med., sweat glands, piloe ...
... Most organs have dual innervation In general the actions of one system opposes those of the other. Ex. Eye; PS →constrict; Sym → dilation Both divisions are cooperative in salivary glands Predominant tone is parasympathetic in most organs. Sym. tone exists solely in adrenal med., sweat glands, piloe ...