Response characteristics of neurons in the pulvinar of awake cats to
... awake cats that were allowed to execute spontaneous eye movements. Extracellular cell activity during saccades, saccade-like image shifts, and various stationary visual stimuli was recorded together with the animals’ eye positions. All neurons analyzed had receptive fields that covered most of the c ...
... awake cats that were allowed to execute spontaneous eye movements. Extracellular cell activity during saccades, saccade-like image shifts, and various stationary visual stimuli was recorded together with the animals’ eye positions. All neurons analyzed had receptive fields that covered most of the c ...
ASCENDING PATHWAYS - University of Kansas Medical Center
... Contribute to movement coordination associated primarily with balance. ...
... Contribute to movement coordination associated primarily with balance. ...
Ventral Intraparietal Area of the Macaque: Anatomic Location and
... very near (within 5 cm) the face. These neurons maintained their preference for near stimuli when tested monocularly, suggesting that visual cues other than disparity can support this response. These neurons typically could not be driven by small spots presented on the tangent screen (at 57 cm). 5. ...
... very near (within 5 cm) the face. These neurons maintained their preference for near stimuli when tested monocularly, suggesting that visual cues other than disparity can support this response. These neurons typically could not be driven by small spots presented on the tangent screen (at 57 cm). 5. ...
Autonomic Nervous System I and II
... An axon may synapse with postganglionic neurons in the ganglion it first reaches or Sympathetic chains or An axon may continue, without synapsing, through the sympathetic trunk ganglion to end at a prevertebral ganglion and synapse with postganglionic neurons there or An axon may pass through the sy ...
... An axon may synapse with postganglionic neurons in the ganglion it first reaches or Sympathetic chains or An axon may continue, without synapsing, through the sympathetic trunk ganglion to end at a prevertebral ganglion and synapse with postganglionic neurons there or An axon may pass through the sy ...
A COMMON REFERENCE FRAME FOR MOVEMENT PLANS IN
... changes in the locus of attention1,2, response selection3–6, coordinate transformations7–12 and a decision to ‘act’ on the sensory stimulus13–16. Neural correlates of many of these intermediate events are reflected in activity in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC)3,7–9,13–15,17. In this review, we ...
... changes in the locus of attention1,2, response selection3–6, coordinate transformations7–12 and a decision to ‘act’ on the sensory stimulus13–16. Neural correlates of many of these intermediate events are reflected in activity in the posterior parietal cortex (PPC)3,7–9,13–15,17. In this review, we ...
Slide 1
... FIGURE 40.9 Schematic representation of the REM sleep generation process. A distributed network involves cells at brain levels from the spinal cord to the cortex (listed on the left). The network is represented as a diagram of three neuronal systems (aminergic, reticular, and sensorimotor) that med ...
... FIGURE 40.9 Schematic representation of the REM sleep generation process. A distributed network involves cells at brain levels from the spinal cord to the cortex (listed on the left). The network is represented as a diagram of three neuronal systems (aminergic, reticular, and sensorimotor) that med ...
On the relevance of time in neural computation and learning
... modeled quite well by a sigmoidal (i.e. analog) neural net. The analog output value of a sigmoidal gate models the current =ring rate of a neuron in the biological system. On the basis of currently available data one cannot argue that Assumptions (A) and (B) are wrong for all biological neural syste ...
... modeled quite well by a sigmoidal (i.e. analog) neural net. The analog output value of a sigmoidal gate models the current =ring rate of a neuron in the biological system. On the basis of currently available data one cannot argue that Assumptions (A) and (B) are wrong for all biological neural syste ...
The neuronal structure of the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus in the
... In the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (GLN) of the guinea pig the dominant types of neurons are the rounded nerve cells with numerous (4–7) dendritic trunks and the triangular neurons. Less frequently there are the fusiform neurons, with diametrically arising dendrites (4%), and sporadically ther ...
... In the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (GLN) of the guinea pig the dominant types of neurons are the rounded nerve cells with numerous (4–7) dendritic trunks and the triangular neurons. Less frequently there are the fusiform neurons, with diametrically arising dendrites (4%), and sporadically ther ...
Neural correlates for perception of 3d surface orientation from texture
... disparity signals have been found in the parietal (11, 12) and temporal (13, 14) association cortices. However, binocular disparity is not the only cue for depth perception, because we can perceive depth even with one eye closed. Gibson (15) has proposed that texture gradient is an important cue for ...
... disparity signals have been found in the parietal (11, 12) and temporal (13, 14) association cortices. However, binocular disparity is not the only cue for depth perception, because we can perceive depth even with one eye closed. Gibson (15) has proposed that texture gradient is an important cue for ...
Passive Properties of Swimmeret Motor Neurons
... recorded with microelectrodes in the processes of swimmeret motor neurons in isolated abdominal nerve cord preparations. Membrane potentials had a median of 059 mV, with 25th and 75th percentiles of 066.0 and 053 mV. The median input resistance was 6.4 MV, with 25th and 75th percentiles of 3.4 and 1 ...
... recorded with microelectrodes in the processes of swimmeret motor neurons in isolated abdominal nerve cord preparations. Membrane potentials had a median of 059 mV, with 25th and 75th percentiles of 066.0 and 053 mV. The median input resistance was 6.4 MV, with 25th and 75th percentiles of 3.4 and 1 ...
VIEW PDF - Glaucoma Today
... monkey stained with Nissl, the majority of neurons are arranged in six layers, indicated by numbers (A). Immunostaining for CaMKII-alpha of the control lateral geniculate nucleus shows CaMKII-alpha neurons between layers 1 and 2, between layers 2 and 3, and below layer 1 (layer S) as well as additio ...
... monkey stained with Nissl, the majority of neurons are arranged in six layers, indicated by numbers (A). Immunostaining for CaMKII-alpha of the control lateral geniculate nucleus shows CaMKII-alpha neurons between layers 1 and 2, between layers 2 and 3, and below layer 1 (layer S) as well as additio ...
The elephant brain in numbers
... in the human cerebral cortex (Azevedo et al., 2009). Within the cerebral cortex, the elephant hippocampus weighs 24.42 g and has a slightly larger volume than the human hippocampus (Patzke et al., 2013), but holds only 36.63 million neurons bilaterally, compared to approximately 250 million neurons ...
... in the human cerebral cortex (Azevedo et al., 2009). Within the cerebral cortex, the elephant hippocampus weighs 24.42 g and has a slightly larger volume than the human hippocampus (Patzke et al., 2013), but holds only 36.63 million neurons bilaterally, compared to approximately 250 million neurons ...
Networks of Spiking Neurons: The Third Generation of
... cares about small constant factors in the size of networks, or one wants to model the actual architecture of cortical circuits (see Douglas et al., 1995; Shepherd, 1990). It is mathematically more convenient to assume that the potential Pv has value 0 in the absence of postsynaptic potentials, and t ...
... cares about small constant factors in the size of networks, or one wants to model the actual architecture of cortical circuits (see Douglas et al., 1995; Shepherd, 1990). It is mathematically more convenient to assume that the potential Pv has value 0 in the absence of postsynaptic potentials, and t ...
supplemental figures
... Figure S3. Effects of ACC lesions on sustained attention. (a) Comparisons between lesion and control group in accuracy for all rats in both visual and olfactory attention tasks. (Total: n = 20, lesion: n = 11, control: n = 9) (two-way mixed ANOVA with Greenhouse-Geisser adjustment: time: F(2,36) = ...
... Figure S3. Effects of ACC lesions on sustained attention. (a) Comparisons between lesion and control group in accuracy for all rats in both visual and olfactory attention tasks. (Total: n = 20, lesion: n = 11, control: n = 9) (two-way mixed ANOVA with Greenhouse-Geisser adjustment: time: F(2,36) = ...
Reinforcement, and Punishment Striatal Mechanisms Underlying
... Despite the utility of the direct and indirect pathway model for understanding striatal contributions to movement, these pathways have not been historically used to describe striatal contributions to reinforcement and reward. In part, this reflects a historical lack of clarity on whether these pathw ...
... Despite the utility of the direct and indirect pathway model for understanding striatal contributions to movement, these pathways have not been historically used to describe striatal contributions to reinforcement and reward. In part, this reflects a historical lack of clarity on whether these pathw ...
Odorant Category Profile Selectivity of Olfactory Cortex Neurons
... tufted cells to the OC to be stereotypical, multiple, and overlapping (Zou et al., 2001; Neville and Haberly, 2004). Recent studies indicate that individual OC neurons receive converging inputs from distinct glomeruli (Zou et al., 2005; Zou and Buck, 2006). Single-cell recordings from the anterior o ...
... tufted cells to the OC to be stereotypical, multiple, and overlapping (Zou et al., 2001; Neville and Haberly, 2004). Recent studies indicate that individual OC neurons receive converging inputs from distinct glomeruli (Zou et al., 2005; Zou and Buck, 2006). Single-cell recordings from the anterior o ...
Complexity in Neuronal Networks
... Interestingly, although the importance of intrinsic properties for circuit dynamics has been accepted by the entire community of small (mostly invertebrate) circuit researchers for almost twenty-five years, until relatively recently most workers studying large cell assemblies in the vertebrate brain ...
... Interestingly, although the importance of intrinsic properties for circuit dynamics has been accepted by the entire community of small (mostly invertebrate) circuit researchers for almost twenty-five years, until relatively recently most workers studying large cell assemblies in the vertebrate brain ...
a14b NeuroPhysII
... Two Kinds of Synapses Chemical Synapses • Specialized for the release and reception of neurotransmitters • Typically composed of two parts o Axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron, which contains synaptic vesicles o Receptor region on the postsynaptic neuron ...
... Two Kinds of Synapses Chemical Synapses • Specialized for the release and reception of neurotransmitters • Typically composed of two parts o Axon terminal of the presynaptic neuron, which contains synaptic vesicles o Receptor region on the postsynaptic neuron ...
Lineage origins of GABAergic versus glutamatergic neurons in the
... within these two progenitor lineages. Some of this diversity is apparently established at the level of postmitotic neurons [1]. For example, the transcription factors Fezf2, Ctip2, Tbr1 and Satb2 show layer specific expression in differentiated cortical neurons. Fezf2 is expressed at high levels in ...
... within these two progenitor lineages. Some of this diversity is apparently established at the level of postmitotic neurons [1]. For example, the transcription factors Fezf2, Ctip2, Tbr1 and Satb2 show layer specific expression in differentiated cortical neurons. Fezf2 is expressed at high levels in ...
Stereoscopic Mechanisms in Monkey Visual Cortex: Binocular
... the periods of maintained eye fixation. Frequent determinations of the response properties of the neurons encountered were made by listening to and visually monitoring the ongoing activity, while moving under manual control a luminous bar of 100% dot density, adjusted in size and orientation for eac ...
... the periods of maintained eye fixation. Frequent determinations of the response properties of the neurons encountered were made by listening to and visually monitoring the ongoing activity, while moving under manual control a luminous bar of 100% dot density, adjusted in size and orientation for eac ...
neuron number decreases in the rat ventral, but not dorsal, medial
... software program automatically and randomly moves a counting frame containing appropriate ‘acceptance’ and ‘forbidden’ lines (area or Aframe of 45⫻45 m and height (h) of the section thickness excluding the 3 m thick guard zones) within each region of interest in order to obtain correct stereologic ...
... software program automatically and randomly moves a counting frame containing appropriate ‘acceptance’ and ‘forbidden’ lines (area or Aframe of 45⫻45 m and height (h) of the section thickness excluding the 3 m thick guard zones) within each region of interest in order to obtain correct stereologic ...