Simulating in vivo-like Synaptic Input Patterns in Multicompartmental
... Neurons in the mammalian central nervous system typically receive synaptic inputs from many other neurons. For example, each individual human cerebellar Purkinje neuron is estimated to receive more than 100,000 excitatory synaptic contacts from granule cells, and additional contacts from local circu ...
... Neurons in the mammalian central nervous system typically receive synaptic inputs from many other neurons. For example, each individual human cerebellar Purkinje neuron is estimated to receive more than 100,000 excitatory synaptic contacts from granule cells, and additional contacts from local circu ...
Jesús Pujol Martí Neural map organization and development in the lateral-line system
... The nervous system has seized scientists‟ attention throughout the ages. Anatomical methods are the oldest way for studying the nervous system and have uncovered basic principles of its organization, defining a valuable groundwork for understanding its functions. Another important source of informat ...
... The nervous system has seized scientists‟ attention throughout the ages. Anatomical methods are the oldest way for studying the nervous system and have uncovered basic principles of its organization, defining a valuable groundwork for understanding its functions. Another important source of informat ...
Biophysical Properties and Responses to Neurotransmitters of
... Downloaded from http://jn.physiology.org/ by 10.220.32.246 on April 28, 2017 ...
... Downloaded from http://jn.physiology.org/ by 10.220.32.246 on April 28, 2017 ...
Local anaesthetics
... stabilise these channels in this configuration. This prevents their change to rested-closed and activated-open states in response to nerve impulse. Sodium channels in the inactivated-closed state are not permeable to sodium ions and thus conduction of nerve impulses in the form of action potential c ...
... stabilise these channels in this configuration. This prevents their change to rested-closed and activated-open states in response to nerve impulse. Sodium channels in the inactivated-closed state are not permeable to sodium ions and thus conduction of nerve impulses in the form of action potential c ...
Phase IIB / PHGY 825 Organization of the Brain Stem Organization
... projections. They may innervate multiple levels of the spinal cord, send collaterals to the brainstem and diencephalon, have bifurcating axons that give rise to both ascending and descending connections. They may also have large dendritic fields that allow them to receive synaptic inputs from ascend ...
... projections. They may innervate multiple levels of the spinal cord, send collaterals to the brainstem and diencephalon, have bifurcating axons that give rise to both ascending and descending connections. They may also have large dendritic fields that allow them to receive synaptic inputs from ascend ...
Chapter 2
... typically extend beyond the single fibrodendritic lamina into adjacent laminae. Other cell types have ovoid dendritic fields oriented perpendicular to the long axis of the disc-shaped cells (cat) or parallel to the flat cells (the less-flat cells in rat). Nissl stains reveal that presumptive stellat ...
... typically extend beyond the single fibrodendritic lamina into adjacent laminae. Other cell types have ovoid dendritic fields oriented perpendicular to the long axis of the disc-shaped cells (cat) or parallel to the flat cells (the less-flat cells in rat). Nissl stains reveal that presumptive stellat ...
Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
... An involuntary response requires no intent or pre-awareness of the reflex activity. Reflexes usually can not be suppressed. Awareness of the stimulus occurs after the reflex action ...
... An involuntary response requires no intent or pre-awareness of the reflex activity. Reflexes usually can not be suppressed. Awareness of the stimulus occurs after the reflex action ...
Mapping synaptic pathology within cerebral cortical circuits in
... Primary auditory cortex offers another example of a cortical region in which convergent evidence implicates synaptic disruptions in the pathology of schizophrenia. In subjects with schizophrenia, the processing of sensory information within AI is impaired, manifest as the reduced ability to discrimi ...
... Primary auditory cortex offers another example of a cortical region in which convergent evidence implicates synaptic disruptions in the pathology of schizophrenia. In subjects with schizophrenia, the processing of sensory information within AI is impaired, manifest as the reduced ability to discrimi ...
Corticostriatal neurons in auditory cortex drive decisions during
... The lack of correspondence between the direction of stimulationevoked choice biases and frequency tuning was surprising and has several possible explanations. First, these choice biases may result from activation of intracortical projection neurons from other frequency bands of the auditory cortex. ...
... The lack of correspondence between the direction of stimulationevoked choice biases and frequency tuning was surprising and has several possible explanations. First, these choice biases may result from activation of intracortical projection neurons from other frequency bands of the auditory cortex. ...
The Retrotrapezoid Nucleus and Central Chemoreception
... end-expiratory pCO2, and their CO2 threshold is always lower than that of the respiratory network [9–11]. Also, especially in vagotomized animals, RTN neurons typically do not display an ON-OFF discharge pattern like classic CPG neurons, even at very high levels of pCO2 [10]. Third and perhaps most ...
... end-expiratory pCO2, and their CO2 threshold is always lower than that of the respiratory network [9–11]. Also, especially in vagotomized animals, RTN neurons typically do not display an ON-OFF discharge pattern like classic CPG neurons, even at very high levels of pCO2 [10]. Third and perhaps most ...
Exploration of Variability of Arkypallidal and Prototypical Projections
... treatments of movement disorders, the motor circuit is the most recently studied, a work we will continue [3]. ...
... treatments of movement disorders, the motor circuit is the most recently studied, a work we will continue [3]. ...
Imaging the Functional Organization of Zebrafish
... hindbrain cells that includes the well-studied Mauthner cell in hindbrain segment 4 and two other neurons, MiD2cm and MiD3cm, in segments 5 and 6. All of these cells are morphologically similar, each having two major dendrites and an axon that crosses in the brain and descends along the length of th ...
... hindbrain cells that includes the well-studied Mauthner cell in hindbrain segment 4 and two other neurons, MiD2cm and MiD3cm, in segments 5 and 6. All of these cells are morphologically similar, each having two major dendrites and an axon that crosses in the brain and descends along the length of th ...
Caudal Topographic Nucleus Isthmi and the Rostra1
... section reconstructions of axonal and dendritic arborizations that were anterogradely or retrogradely filled with HRP. Two prominent tectal-recipient isthmic nuclei-the caudal magnocellular nucleus isthmi (Irnc) and the rostral magnocellular nucleus isthmi (Imrbexhibited strikingly different pattern ...
... section reconstructions of axonal and dendritic arborizations that were anterogradely or retrogradely filled with HRP. Two prominent tectal-recipient isthmic nuclei-the caudal magnocellular nucleus isthmi (Irnc) and the rostral magnocellular nucleus isthmi (Imrbexhibited strikingly different pattern ...
resumo_pertes_mecani..
... inflammation (nociceptor sensitization), its firing threshold potential may be reduced to a level that allows a relatively innocuous stimulus such as light touch, to generate pain. When this occurs, the condition is known as allodynia. Drugs that block the sodium channel preventing the influx of Na ...
... inflammation (nociceptor sensitization), its firing threshold potential may be reduced to a level that allows a relatively innocuous stimulus such as light touch, to generate pain. When this occurs, the condition is known as allodynia. Drugs that block the sodium channel preventing the influx of Na ...
Topographic Organization of Sensory Projection to the Olfactory Bulb
... information? Odorant stimuli are received from the environment by receptors on olfactory sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium (Figure 1). Each olfactory neuron projects a single unbranched axon. As the collection of axons emerge from ihe olfactory mucosa, they fasciculate to form the olfactor ...
... information? Odorant stimuli are received from the environment by receptors on olfactory sensory neurons in the olfactory epithelium (Figure 1). Each olfactory neuron projects a single unbranched axon. As the collection of axons emerge from ihe olfactory mucosa, they fasciculate to form the olfactor ...
Alan Peters
... N o t t i n g h a m was basically an industrial town, and most of the neighbors worked in the lace trade, at Players tobacco factory, in the local coal mine, or at a factory t h a t made bicycles. Nevertheless, it was a friendly neighborhood and not a bad place to grow up. Because the houses were so ...
... N o t t i n g h a m was basically an industrial town, and most of the neighbors worked in the lace trade, at Players tobacco factory, in the local coal mine, or at a factory t h a t made bicycles. Nevertheless, it was a friendly neighborhood and not a bad place to grow up. Because the houses were so ...
Cell-cycle control and cortical development - Stem
... Figure 2 | The proliferative behaviour and progeny of cortical progenitors. This is a simplified summary of the types of division made by cortical precursors. Schematic transects of the rodent cortex at embryonic day 13 (E13) (a), at E17 (b) and in the adult (c). Cortical neurons are generated from ...
... Figure 2 | The proliferative behaviour and progeny of cortical progenitors. This is a simplified summary of the types of division made by cortical precursors. Schematic transects of the rodent cortex at embryonic day 13 (E13) (a), at E17 (b) and in the adult (c). Cortical neurons are generated from ...
Chapter 14 PowerPoint - Hillsborough Community College
... 1. Preganglionic neuron: cell body in CNS with thin, lightly myelinated preganglionic axon extending to ganglion 2. Postganglionic (ganglionic) neuron (outside CNS): cell body synapses with preganglionic axon in autonomic ganglion with nonmyelinated postganglionic axon that extends to effector organ ...
... 1. Preganglionic neuron: cell body in CNS with thin, lightly myelinated preganglionic axon extending to ganglion 2. Postganglionic (ganglionic) neuron (outside CNS): cell body synapses with preganglionic axon in autonomic ganglion with nonmyelinated postganglionic axon that extends to effector organ ...
Kenedy,Dehay Cell-cycle control and cortical development
... Figure 2 | The proliferative behaviour and progeny of cortical progenitors. This is a simplified summary of the types of division made by cortical precursors. Schematic transects of the rodent cortex at embryonic day 13 (E13) (a), at E17 (b) and in the adult (c). Cortical neurons are generated from ...
... Figure 2 | The proliferative behaviour and progeny of cortical progenitors. This is a simplified summary of the types of division made by cortical precursors. Schematic transects of the rodent cortex at embryonic day 13 (E13) (a), at E17 (b) and in the adult (c). Cortical neurons are generated from ...
Mirror neurons or emulator neurons?
... It is hard to see how action reproduction by mirroring would explain the differential activations in these studies, because there was no way to figure out the intention of the actor from the action alone. The researchers in both studies made sure that, whatever the intention in the observed action w ...
... It is hard to see how action reproduction by mirroring would explain the differential activations in these studies, because there was no way to figure out the intention of the actor from the action alone. The researchers in both studies made sure that, whatever the intention in the observed action w ...
The parasympathetic system
... column of the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord (T1-L3). Their axons project to paravertebral ganglia (the sympathetic chain) and prevertebral ganglia. ...
... column of the thoracic and lumbar spinal cord (T1-L3). Their axons project to paravertebral ganglia (the sympathetic chain) and prevertebral ganglia. ...
Neuronal Replacement and Reconstruction of Damaged Circuitries
... a case of embryonicneocortexgrafted to the cortex of a six-weekold rabbit. It is remarkablethat this paper s~eemedto havepassed relatively unnoticed.In his autobiography, LeGrosClark (1968) does not even mentionthis study and the findings were never followed up. During the last decade these earlier ...
... a case of embryonicneocortexgrafted to the cortex of a six-weekold rabbit. It is remarkablethat this paper s~eemedto havepassed relatively unnoticed.In his autobiography, LeGrosClark (1968) does not even mentionthis study and the findings were never followed up. During the last decade these earlier ...
Does the Conventional Leaky Integrate-and
... The method common in the cited studies (Hermann et al 1995, Marsalek 1997, Feng 1997, Burkitt 1999, Diesmann 1999), is to present a number of spikes with a known temporal distribution (a pulse packet) as an input to a pulse generating neuron (or neuron pool) and investigating the spike response of t ...
... The method common in the cited studies (Hermann et al 1995, Marsalek 1997, Feng 1997, Burkitt 1999, Diesmann 1999), is to present a number of spikes with a known temporal distribution (a pulse packet) as an input to a pulse generating neuron (or neuron pool) and investigating the spike response of t ...
Energy balance
... Now, back to caffeine. • Caffeine binds to the receptors for adenosine, but has no effect on the receptors. • When caffeine is bound, adenosine can’t bind. Adenosine Caffeine ...
... Now, back to caffeine. • Caffeine binds to the receptors for adenosine, but has no effect on the receptors. • When caffeine is bound, adenosine can’t bind. Adenosine Caffeine ...
Chapter 17- The Special Senses
... A) hyperopia B) myopia C) astigmatism D) astigmatism and myopia E) astigmatism and hyperopia 27) Which of the following is correct? A) Convergence refers to the type of vision resulting when both eyes focus on one set of objects. B) Binocular vision refers to medial movements that directed both eyes ...
... A) hyperopia B) myopia C) astigmatism D) astigmatism and myopia E) astigmatism and hyperopia 27) Which of the following is correct? A) Convergence refers to the type of vision resulting when both eyes focus on one set of objects. B) Binocular vision refers to medial movements that directed both eyes ...
Axon
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An axon (from Greek ἄξων áxōn, axis), also known as a nerve fibre, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that typically conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body. The function of the axon is to transmit information to different neurons, muscles and glands. In certain sensory neurons (pseudounipolar neurons), such as those for touch and warmth, the electrical impulse travels along an axon from the periphery to the cell body, and from the cell body to the spinal cord along another branch of the same axon. Axon dysfunction causes many inherited and acquired neurological disorders which can affect both the peripheral and central neurons.An axon is one of two types of protoplasmic protrusions that extrude from the cell body of a neuron, the other type being dendrites. Axons are distinguished from dendrites by several features, including shape (dendrites often taper while axons usually maintain a constant radius), length (dendrites are restricted to a small region around the cell body while axons can be much longer), and function (dendrites usually receive signals while axons usually transmit them). All of these rules have exceptions, however.Some types of neurons have no axon and transmit signals from their dendrites. No neuron ever has more than one axon; however in invertebrates such as insects or leeches the axon sometimes consists of several regions that function more or less independently of each other. Most axons branch, in some cases very profusely.Axons make contact with other cells—usually other neurons but sometimes muscle or gland cells—at junctions called synapses. At a synapse, the membrane of the axon closely adjoins the membrane of the target cell, and special molecular structures serve to transmit electrical or electrochemical signals across the gap. Some synaptic junctions appear partway along an axon as it extends—these are called en passant (""in passing"") synapses. Other synapses appear as terminals at the ends of axonal branches. A single axon, with all its branches taken together, can innervate multiple parts of the brain and generate thousands of synaptic terminals.