Muscular System
... the nerve ending (axon terminal), each containing thousands of neurotransmitter molecules. o When an impulse moves along the axon and arrives at the axon terminal, these vesicles migrate to the membrane in the gap and release their neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. o The neurotransmitter the ...
... the nerve ending (axon terminal), each containing thousands of neurotransmitter molecules. o When an impulse moves along the axon and arrives at the axon terminal, these vesicles migrate to the membrane in the gap and release their neurotransmitter into the synaptic cleft. o The neurotransmitter the ...
Glial cell biology in Drosophila and vertebrates
... and generate myelin sheaths for saltatory conduction of action potentials; microglia, derived from hematopoietic lineages, are the resident immune cell of the CNS; and Schwann cells, both myelinating and non-myelinating, in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) ensheath and support peripheral nerves. ...
... and generate myelin sheaths for saltatory conduction of action potentials; microglia, derived from hematopoietic lineages, are the resident immune cell of the CNS; and Schwann cells, both myelinating and non-myelinating, in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) ensheath and support peripheral nerves. ...
Artificial Intelligence (AI). Neural Networks
... www.g2conline.org/?gclid=CNf7mODlga4CFVAhtAodjyek4A#Thinking?aid=2023&cid=202 . ...
... www.g2conline.org/?gclid=CNf7mODlga4CFVAhtAodjyek4A#Thinking?aid=2023&cid=202 . ...
Central projections of auditory receptor neurons of crickets
... corresponding to ⬃20 m. There is no significant relationship along the A-P axis (Fig. 4B; n ⫽ 29, r2 ⫽ 0.054, P ⫽ 0.225). Nor is there a significant relationship between CF and M-L position within any of the three receptor populations (low-frequency receptors, n ⫽ 14, r2 ⫽ 0.06, P ⫽ 0.4; mid-frequenc ...
... corresponding to ⬃20 m. There is no significant relationship along the A-P axis (Fig. 4B; n ⫽ 29, r2 ⫽ 0.054, P ⫽ 0.225). Nor is there a significant relationship between CF and M-L position within any of the three receptor populations (low-frequency receptors, n ⫽ 14, r2 ⫽ 0.06, P ⫽ 0.4; mid-frequenc ...
PDF - Oxford Academic
... experimental evidence of the behavioral role that neuromasts play in the life of sharks, but they can orient toward a source that causes water displacements and perhaps use the neuromast system in the coordination of locomotor activity. Ampullae and neuromasts are innervated by different components ...
... experimental evidence of the behavioral role that neuromasts play in the life of sharks, but they can orient toward a source that causes water displacements and perhaps use the neuromast system in the coordination of locomotor activity. Ampullae and neuromasts are innervated by different components ...
Spontaneous Spike Activity of Spinoreticular Tract Neurons During
... sleep.14,15 We recently reported that sciatic nerve evoked field potentials recorded from fibers comprising the SRT and spinothalamic tracts (STT) are reduced throughout the state of active sleep and can even be abolished during the REM saccades associated with this state.16 These data support the i ...
... sleep.14,15 We recently reported that sciatic nerve evoked field potentials recorded from fibers comprising the SRT and spinothalamic tracts (STT) are reduced throughout the state of active sleep and can even be abolished during the REM saccades associated with this state.16 These data support the i ...
1From neuronal activity to scalp potential fields - Assets
... (defined by the local dipole strength and the percentage of neuronal elements contributing) and the spatial extent (area) of polarization due to neural synchronization, particularly for the healthy human brain. The relation of intracortical activity to surface-recorded EEG is far from simple. The su ...
... (defined by the local dipole strength and the percentage of neuronal elements contributing) and the spatial extent (area) of polarization due to neural synchronization, particularly for the healthy human brain. The relation of intracortical activity to surface-recorded EEG is far from simple. The su ...
PAX: A mixed hardware/software simulation platform for
... computing the neurons‟ asynchronous spikes. Neuron models can precisely describe the biophysics of spikes (action potentials) by computing the currents flowing through cell membrane and synaptic nodes. It is possible to reduce the size of these models to facilitate their computation. Other popular m ...
... computing the neurons‟ asynchronous spikes. Neuron models can precisely describe the biophysics of spikes (action potentials) by computing the currents flowing through cell membrane and synaptic nodes. It is possible to reduce the size of these models to facilitate their computation. Other popular m ...
UNIT II - Elsevier Health
... the Na+-K+ pump is shown to provide an additional contribution to the resting potential. In this figure, there is continuous pumping of three sodium ions to the outside for each two potassium ions pumped to the inside of the membrane. The fact that more sodium ions are being pumped to the outside th ...
... the Na+-K+ pump is shown to provide an additional contribution to the resting potential. In this figure, there is continuous pumping of three sodium ions to the outside for each two potassium ions pumped to the inside of the membrane. The fact that more sodium ions are being pumped to the outside th ...
Correlation between auditory threshold and the auditory brainstem
... The membranous labyrinth is divided in the cochlear labyrinth and the vestibular labyrinth. These regions have specialized areas with ciliated neurosensorial cells and supporting cells, implicated in the hearing or in the equilibrium functionality. The sensorial ones are epithelial mechanoreceptors ...
... The membranous labyrinth is divided in the cochlear labyrinth and the vestibular labyrinth. These regions have specialized areas with ciliated neurosensorial cells and supporting cells, implicated in the hearing or in the equilibrium functionality. The sensorial ones are epithelial mechanoreceptors ...
Neuronal calcium-binding proteins 1/2 localize to dorsal root ganglia
... C terminus, which are linked by a NECAB homogeneous region (22). NECAB1/2 are restricted to the nervous system, whereas NECAB3 is also expressed in the heart and skeletal muscle (21). NECAB1 was first identified as the target protein of synaptotagmin I C2A-domain by affinity chromatography, with its ...
... C terminus, which are linked by a NECAB homogeneous region (22). NECAB1/2 are restricted to the nervous system, whereas NECAB3 is also expressed in the heart and skeletal muscle (21). NECAB1 was first identified as the target protein of synaptotagmin I C2A-domain by affinity chromatography, with its ...
Morphology of Feedback Neurons in the Mushroom Body of the
... Menzel, 1993), indicating postsynaptic terminals in the lobes and presynaptic endings in the calyces for these neurons. Feedback neurons, thus, would transmit information from the output of the MB back to its input regions. Because they are immunoreactive to GABA (Bicker et al., 1985), feedback neur ...
... Menzel, 1993), indicating postsynaptic terminals in the lobes and presynaptic endings in the calyces for these neurons. Feedback neurons, thus, would transmit information from the output of the MB back to its input regions. Because they are immunoreactive to GABA (Bicker et al., 1985), feedback neur ...
The human medial geniculate body
... view of the narrow tuning curves of the cells and their pattern of tonotopic organization [3]. Other parts (for example, the medial division) contain neurons with much broader, often polysensory tuning curves, and an unknown number of representations of the basilar membrane [l]. Moreover. the patter ...
... view of the narrow tuning curves of the cells and their pattern of tonotopic organization [3]. Other parts (for example, the medial division) contain neurons with much broader, often polysensory tuning curves, and an unknown number of representations of the basilar membrane [l]. Moreover. the patter ...
Efficient Event-Driven Simulation of Large Networks of Spiking
... been obtained, which have made these models candidates for an account of the retrieval and maintenance of “learned” internal representations of a stimulus in tasks implying a working memory (see, e.g., Amit, 1995; Amit & Brunel, 1997a, 1997b.). But learning is guided by neural activities, which in t ...
... been obtained, which have made these models candidates for an account of the retrieval and maintenance of “learned” internal representations of a stimulus in tasks implying a working memory (see, e.g., Amit, 1995; Amit & Brunel, 1997a, 1997b.). But learning is guided by neural activities, which in t ...
Experimental spinal cord transplantation as a mechanism of
... tions for the transplanted fetal tissue or cell lines in the spinal cord. They are a source of new neurons and glia in an injured or diseased spinal cord. The grafted cells survive for long periods of time. Classes of host nerve fibers can use the graft as a bridge and grow through the graft. Nerve ...
... tions for the transplanted fetal tissue or cell lines in the spinal cord. They are a source of new neurons and glia in an injured or diseased spinal cord. The grafted cells survive for long periods of time. Classes of host nerve fibers can use the graft as a bridge and grow through the graft. Nerve ...
NA EXAM 3 (May 2001)
... (see abducens nucleus for lesion) NA 208,403,405,408. Passage of facial nerve around abducens nucleus. NA 403. Located on the dorsal surface of the midbrian, caudal to the superior colliculus. Virtually all the ascending fibers in the lateral lemniscus synapse (from the ipsi- & contralateral superio ...
... (see abducens nucleus for lesion) NA 208,403,405,408. Passage of facial nerve around abducens nucleus. NA 403. Located on the dorsal surface of the midbrian, caudal to the superior colliculus. Virtually all the ascending fibers in the lateral lemniscus synapse (from the ipsi- & contralateral superio ...
Investigating Anatomical and Molecular Aspects of
... PV. It was also shown that this population of neurons tended to be cells with large soma diameters (Copray et al., 1994). Retrograde nerve fills of the sural and gastrocnemius nerves subsequently linked PV expression to muscle, but not cutaneous afferents (Honda, 1995). PV is also widely used in lab ...
... PV. It was also shown that this population of neurons tended to be cells with large soma diameters (Copray et al., 1994). Retrograde nerve fills of the sural and gastrocnemius nerves subsequently linked PV expression to muscle, but not cutaneous afferents (Honda, 1995). PV is also widely used in lab ...
20. Nervous system. Spinal cord
... • Posterior horns contain interneurons. • Anterior horns contain some • interneurons as well as the cell bodies of motor neurons. – These cell bodies project their axons via the ventral roots of the spinal cord to the skeletal muscles. – The amount of ventral gray matter at a given level of the spi ...
... • Posterior horns contain interneurons. • Anterior horns contain some • interneurons as well as the cell bodies of motor neurons. – These cell bodies project their axons via the ventral roots of the spinal cord to the skeletal muscles. – The amount of ventral gray matter at a given level of the spi ...
Neuron/Glia Relationships Observed Over Intervals
... of the glial nuclei associated with each neuron could be determined. Video images of up to six focal planes/neuron were digitized, enhanced, and stored as a permanent record. For this purpose we used a Trapix 5500 image processor (Recognition Concepts, Inc., Incline Village, NV) and IMAGR, a general ...
... of the glial nuclei associated with each neuron could be determined. Video images of up to six focal planes/neuron were digitized, enhanced, and stored as a permanent record. For this purpose we used a Trapix 5500 image processor (Recognition Concepts, Inc., Incline Village, NV) and IMAGR, a general ...
Hypocretinergic Neurons are Primarily involved in Activation
... trigeminal motoneurons.28 Hypocretinergic terminals have also been found in the ventral horn where motoneuron cell bodies are located;29 moreover, the direct application of hypocretin onto intracellularly recorded lumbar motoneurons results in depolarization of their membrane potential, a decrease i ...
... trigeminal motoneurons.28 Hypocretinergic terminals have also been found in the ventral horn where motoneuron cell bodies are located;29 moreover, the direct application of hypocretin onto intracellularly recorded lumbar motoneurons results in depolarization of their membrane potential, a decrease i ...
Tolerance to Sound Intensity of Binaural
... All data were obtained with a “loose patch” technique, which permitted well isolated and stable extracellular recordings (Fig. 1). This is an important technical advance in the study of NL, because isolation of single neurons is very difficult to obtain, presumably because of the sparsely distribute ...
... All data were obtained with a “loose patch” technique, which permitted well isolated and stable extracellular recordings (Fig. 1). This is an important technical advance in the study of NL, because isolation of single neurons is very difficult to obtain, presumably because of the sparsely distribute ...
PDF - Center for Theoretical Neuroscience
... recent work that uses mathematical simulations analyses and computer to understand: currents in controlling the activity 1) the role of individual on the activity of neurons, of and 2) the effects of electrical coupling neuronal oscillators. The aim of this review is to highlight, for the physwhat t ...
... recent work that uses mathematical simulations analyses and computer to understand: currents in controlling the activity 1) the role of individual on the activity of neurons, of and 2) the effects of electrical coupling neuronal oscillators. The aim of this review is to highlight, for the physwhat t ...
HYPOTHALAMUS
... Plate 29 shows the relationship of troph-hormone producing cells to fenestrated capillaries in the anterior pituitary. The magno- and parvocellular cell groups producing the hypothalamic hormones receive a variety of stimuli from different parts of the brain, primarily within the hypothalamus, but ...
... Plate 29 shows the relationship of troph-hormone producing cells to fenestrated capillaries in the anterior pituitary. The magno- and parvocellular cell groups producing the hypothalamic hormones receive a variety of stimuli from different parts of the brain, primarily within the hypothalamus, but ...
Orcokinin peptides in developing and adult crustacean
... characterization of the peptides in different tissues and species allows us to determine unambiguously which of the peptides are found in the stomatogastric nervous system of each crustacean studied. Despite the extensive biochemical characterization of the orcokinins, relatively little is known of ...
... characterization of the peptides in different tissues and species allows us to determine unambiguously which of the peptides are found in the stomatogastric nervous system of each crustacean studied. Despite the extensive biochemical characterization of the orcokinins, relatively little is known of ...
the anatomy and neurosecretory system of the
... with the diurnal activity rhythm displayed by the animal. The purpose of this thesis is to present a description of the external and internai anatomy of the supraoesophageal ganglion and a general account of the neurosecretory sites within the supraoesophageal ganglion of Hermodice carunculata. ...
... with the diurnal activity rhythm displayed by the animal. The purpose of this thesis is to present a description of the external and internai anatomy of the supraoesophageal ganglion and a general account of the neurosecretory sites within the supraoesophageal ganglion of Hermodice carunculata. ...
Axon
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An axon (from Greek ἄξων áxōn, axis), also known as a nerve fibre, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that typically conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body. The function of the axon is to transmit information to different neurons, muscles and glands. In certain sensory neurons (pseudounipolar neurons), such as those for touch and warmth, the electrical impulse travels along an axon from the periphery to the cell body, and from the cell body to the spinal cord along another branch of the same axon. Axon dysfunction causes many inherited and acquired neurological disorders which can affect both the peripheral and central neurons.An axon is one of two types of protoplasmic protrusions that extrude from the cell body of a neuron, the other type being dendrites. Axons are distinguished from dendrites by several features, including shape (dendrites often taper while axons usually maintain a constant radius), length (dendrites are restricted to a small region around the cell body while axons can be much longer), and function (dendrites usually receive signals while axons usually transmit them). All of these rules have exceptions, however.Some types of neurons have no axon and transmit signals from their dendrites. No neuron ever has more than one axon; however in invertebrates such as insects or leeches the axon sometimes consists of several regions that function more or less independently of each other. Most axons branch, in some cases very profusely.Axons make contact with other cells—usually other neurons but sometimes muscle or gland cells—at junctions called synapses. At a synapse, the membrane of the axon closely adjoins the membrane of the target cell, and special molecular structures serve to transmit electrical or electrochemical signals across the gap. Some synaptic junctions appear partway along an axon as it extends—these are called en passant (""in passing"") synapses. Other synapses appear as terminals at the ends of axonal branches. A single axon, with all its branches taken together, can innervate multiple parts of the brain and generate thousands of synaptic terminals.