the resting membrane potential
... then opposes the further efflux of K+ ions. • An equilibrium is reached when the diffusional and electrical forces are balanced and there is no net movement of K+ ions. • At equilibrium, the potential across the membrane is termed the potassium equilibrium potential (EK) (Fig. 8.1). Equilibrium pote ...
... then opposes the further efflux of K+ ions. • An equilibrium is reached when the diffusional and electrical forces are balanced and there is no net movement of K+ ions. • At equilibrium, the potential across the membrane is termed the potassium equilibrium potential (EK) (Fig. 8.1). Equilibrium pote ...
Predicting voluntary movements from motor cortical activity with
... were recorded. The threshold was observed and adjusted online to compensate for long term changes in signal amplitude. The time stamps of spike occurrences along with behavioral events such as the preparatory signal, the response signal, movement onset, and movement end were stored at a time resolut ...
... were recorded. The threshold was observed and adjusted online to compensate for long term changes in signal amplitude. The time stamps of spike occurrences along with behavioral events such as the preparatory signal, the response signal, movement onset, and movement end were stored at a time resolut ...
the superior Olivary complex
... of the MOC neuron (Liberman & Brown, 1986). The marginal cell region of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN) project bilaterally to MOC neurons. It is hypothesized that the marginal cells provide information about sound intensity as part of a feedback gain control system comprising the cochlea, ...
... of the MOC neuron (Liberman & Brown, 1986). The marginal cell region of the anteroventral cochlear nucleus (AVCN) project bilaterally to MOC neurons. It is hypothesized that the marginal cells provide information about sound intensity as part of a feedback gain control system comprising the cochlea, ...
PDF
... corridor for the tangential migration of interneurons and it contains Cajal-Retzius neurons. Preplate (PP). A transient cell-dense structure, which was formerly termed the early MZ or primordial plexiform layer, that contains some of the earliest-born cortical neurons. It is split by incoming CP neu ...
... corridor for the tangential migration of interneurons and it contains Cajal-Retzius neurons. Preplate (PP). A transient cell-dense structure, which was formerly termed the early MZ or primordial plexiform layer, that contains some of the earliest-born cortical neurons. It is split by incoming CP neu ...
CHAPTER 13- The Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
... B) It allows an individual to maintain balance when withdrawing from harm’s way. C) It is contralateral. D) It involves only one spinal segment. E) It is polysynaptic. 43) Which of the following is NOT a reflex typically used for diagnosing neurological disorders? A) patellar reflex B) Babinski sign ...
... B) It allows an individual to maintain balance when withdrawing from harm’s way. C) It is contralateral. D) It involves only one spinal segment. E) It is polysynaptic. 43) Which of the following is NOT a reflex typically used for diagnosing neurological disorders? A) patellar reflex B) Babinski sign ...
Association of Poly(A) mRNA with Microtubules
... that poly(A) mRNA and associated ribosomes were excluded from tightly bundled microtubules. Introduction Neurons are highly polarized cells with two morphologically and functionally distinct types of processes: axons and dendrites. Protein synthesis is restricted to the somatodendritic compartment i ...
... that poly(A) mRNA and associated ribosomes were excluded from tightly bundled microtubules. Introduction Neurons are highly polarized cells with two morphologically and functionally distinct types of processes: axons and dendrites. Protein synthesis is restricted to the somatodendritic compartment i ...
Spike sorting: the overlapping spikes challenge
... The model with the highest correlation will be assigned to the observed overlapping spike. The active neurons (units) and the spike times forming the overlapping spike will then be defined as the units and the spike times which are included in the model which fits best. The calculation of the number ...
... The model with the highest correlation will be assigned to the observed overlapping spike. The active neurons (units) and the spike times forming the overlapping spike will then be defined as the units and the spike times which are included in the model which fits best. The calculation of the number ...
Cell Type-Specific, Presynaptic LTP of Inhibitory Synapses on Fast
... In the present study we classified GABAergic interneurons into FS and non-FS types based on electrophysiological properties, as reported previously (Sarihi et al., 2008). In FS-GABA neurons, test electrical stimulation given to layer II/III at 0.05 Hz under blockade of AMPA and NMDA receptors elicit ...
... In the present study we classified GABAergic interneurons into FS and non-FS types based on electrophysiological properties, as reported previously (Sarihi et al., 2008). In FS-GABA neurons, test electrical stimulation given to layer II/III at 0.05 Hz under blockade of AMPA and NMDA receptors elicit ...
Nerve Regeneration in the Cornea
... • Clinical studies have shown that corneal nerves regenerate over several years after surgical transection; however, the nerve density never returns to presurgery values. • Subbasal nerve density decreased by 82% in 5 days after LASIK. A gradual increase in density was observed at 2 weeks after surg ...
... • Clinical studies have shown that corneal nerves regenerate over several years after surgical transection; however, the nerve density never returns to presurgery values. • Subbasal nerve density decreased by 82% in 5 days after LASIK. A gradual increase in density was observed at 2 weeks after surg ...
Musculocutaneous Nerve Not Piercing the Coracobrachialis Muscle
... coracobrachialis muscle is a degenerated part of original muscle which has lost one of the head in the course of evolution. In some mammals it is tricipital in origin (A. K. Datta- 2010 ). In humans upper two heads are fused and take origin from the coracoids process and the Musculocutaneous nerve p ...
... coracobrachialis muscle is a degenerated part of original muscle which has lost one of the head in the course of evolution. In some mammals it is tricipital in origin (A. K. Datta- 2010 ). In humans upper two heads are fused and take origin from the coracoids process and the Musculocutaneous nerve p ...
Serotonin Depletion In Vivo Inhibits the
... number of additional aberrant morphological features suggesting that these neurons represent cells that were affected during their initial morphogenesis. Olfactory projection neurons with aberrant morphologies were also encountered, although less frequently (7.5% of the neurons examined), in control ...
... number of additional aberrant morphological features suggesting that these neurons represent cells that were affected during their initial morphogenesis. Olfactory projection neurons with aberrant morphologies were also encountered, although less frequently (7.5% of the neurons examined), in control ...
PDF-document - homepage.ruhr-uni
... with or pushed against the central and/or peripheral targets on the working panel. They were inactive or only slightly active during the reach (arm-moving) phases. These neurons were also not sensitive to visual stimuli and were inactive or only weakly activated by fixation or saccades. Because the ...
... with or pushed against the central and/or peripheral targets on the working panel. They were inactive or only slightly active during the reach (arm-moving) phases. These neurons were also not sensitive to visual stimuli and were inactive or only weakly activated by fixation or saccades. Because the ...
Human Anatomy, First Edition McKinley&O'Loughlin
... root unite within the intervertebral foramen to become a spinal nerve. Contain both motor axons and sensory axons. Each spinal nerve is associated with the vertebra of the same number. ...
... root unite within the intervertebral foramen to become a spinal nerve. Contain both motor axons and sensory axons. Each spinal nerve is associated with the vertebra of the same number. ...
Event-Driven Simulation Scheme for Spiking Neural Networks Using
... is marked with the time instant when the source neuron fires the spike. The second one (the propagated event) is marked with the time instant when the spike reaches the target neuron. Most neurons have large synaptic divergences. In these cases, for each firing event, the simulation scheme produces ...
... is marked with the time instant when the source neuron fires the spike. The second one (the propagated event) is marked with the time instant when the spike reaches the target neuron. Most neurons have large synaptic divergences. In these cases, for each firing event, the simulation scheme produces ...
An ultra small array of electrodes for stimulating multiple
... To understand how networks of neurons in the brain perform computations, it is necessary to precisely measure how individual neurons integrate their synaptic inputs. To explore this integration, it is instructive to record the behavior of a neuron in response to inputs which vary not only in tempora ...
... To understand how networks of neurons in the brain perform computations, it is necessary to precisely measure how individual neurons integrate their synaptic inputs. To explore this integration, it is instructive to record the behavior of a neuron in response to inputs which vary not only in tempora ...
Physiological Psychology - II Sem
... system consists of sensory neurons, clusters of neurons called ganglia, and nerves connecting them to each other and to the central nervous system. These regions are all interconnected by means of complex neural pathways. The enteric nervous system, a subsystem of the peripheral nervous system, has ...
... system consists of sensory neurons, clusters of neurons called ganglia, and nerves connecting them to each other and to the central nervous system. These regions are all interconnected by means of complex neural pathways. The enteric nervous system, a subsystem of the peripheral nervous system, has ...
The role of the hypothalamic dorsomedial nucleus in the central
... sequence of satiety following fasting for 48 h. It should be noted that the body weight we measured was biased by the altered amount of ingested food and water during fasting and re-feeding. Therefore, the data we present mean only apparent body weight and not long-term physiological alterations of ...
... sequence of satiety following fasting for 48 h. It should be noted that the body weight we measured was biased by the altered amount of ingested food and water during fasting and re-feeding. Therefore, the data we present mean only apparent body weight and not long-term physiological alterations of ...
Neural Correlates for Perception of 3D Surface Orientation from
... ANC-1 would then extend away from the nucleus, where its NH2-terminus binds to the stable actin cytoskeleton. As a result, ANC-1 molecules function to directly attach the actin cytoskeleton to the nuclear envelope. Before a nucleus can migrate through the cytoplasm of the cell, the nuclear anchor mu ...
... ANC-1 would then extend away from the nucleus, where its NH2-terminus binds to the stable actin cytoskeleton. As a result, ANC-1 molecules function to directly attach the actin cytoskeleton to the nuclear envelope. Before a nucleus can migrate through the cytoplasm of the cell, the nuclear anchor mu ...
A role for subplate neurons in the patterning of
... autoradiographic tracing studies of the development of thalamocortical connections in the mammalian visual system have shown that, long before they grow into the cortical plate, LGN axons have selected their appropriate cortical target area - primary visual cortex (Lund and Mustari, 1977; Rakic, 197 ...
... autoradiographic tracing studies of the development of thalamocortical connections in the mammalian visual system have shown that, long before they grow into the cortical plate, LGN axons have selected their appropriate cortical target area - primary visual cortex (Lund and Mustari, 1977; Rakic, 197 ...
Conserved and Convergent Organization in the Optic Lobes of
... thus, is strictly neuroanatomical and is not concerned with the putative inhibitory nature of stained structures. The optic lobes of a basal insect group, the archaeognathans, were surveyed by using Golgi impregnations and an antiserum against a tachykinin-like polypeptide. Previous studies have use ...
... thus, is strictly neuroanatomical and is not concerned with the putative inhibitory nature of stained structures. The optic lobes of a basal insect group, the archaeognathans, were surveyed by using Golgi impregnations and an antiserum against a tachykinin-like polypeptide. Previous studies have use ...
Scientific Basis of Pain
... • ACTH/B-lipotropin is released from the anterior pituitary in response to pain – broken down into Bendorphins and corticosteroids • Mechanism of action – similar to enkephalins to block ascending nerve impulses ...
... • ACTH/B-lipotropin is released from the anterior pituitary in response to pain – broken down into Bendorphins and corticosteroids • Mechanism of action – similar to enkephalins to block ascending nerve impulses ...
PDF file - Izhikevich
... more strong connections to other local-circuit excitatory neurons (B, C, D). Here ‘strong’ means that the synaptic weight cij is within 5% of the maximal value 0.5; see Figure 6. Considering only strong connections ensures that firing of the anchor neuron A enhances the probability that neurons B, C ...
... more strong connections to other local-circuit excitatory neurons (B, C, D). Here ‘strong’ means that the synaptic weight cij is within 5% of the maximal value 0.5; see Figure 6. Considering only strong connections ensures that firing of the anchor neuron A enhances the probability that neurons B, C ...
Axon
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An axon (from Greek ἄξων áxōn, axis), also known as a nerve fibre, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that typically conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body. The function of the axon is to transmit information to different neurons, muscles and glands. In certain sensory neurons (pseudounipolar neurons), such as those for touch and warmth, the electrical impulse travels along an axon from the periphery to the cell body, and from the cell body to the spinal cord along another branch of the same axon. Axon dysfunction causes many inherited and acquired neurological disorders which can affect both the peripheral and central neurons.An axon is one of two types of protoplasmic protrusions that extrude from the cell body of a neuron, the other type being dendrites. Axons are distinguished from dendrites by several features, including shape (dendrites often taper while axons usually maintain a constant radius), length (dendrites are restricted to a small region around the cell body while axons can be much longer), and function (dendrites usually receive signals while axons usually transmit them). All of these rules have exceptions, however.Some types of neurons have no axon and transmit signals from their dendrites. No neuron ever has more than one axon; however in invertebrates such as insects or leeches the axon sometimes consists of several regions that function more or less independently of each other. Most axons branch, in some cases very profusely.Axons make contact with other cells—usually other neurons but sometimes muscle or gland cells—at junctions called synapses. At a synapse, the membrane of the axon closely adjoins the membrane of the target cell, and special molecular structures serve to transmit electrical or electrochemical signals across the gap. Some synaptic junctions appear partway along an axon as it extends—these are called en passant (""in passing"") synapses. Other synapses appear as terminals at the ends of axonal branches. A single axon, with all its branches taken together, can innervate multiple parts of the brain and generate thousands of synaptic terminals.