the anatomy and neurosecretory system of the
... with the diurnal activity rhythm displayed by the animal. The purpose of this thesis is to present a description of the external and internai anatomy of the supraoesophageal ganglion and a general account of the neurosecretory sites within the supraoesophageal ganglion of Hermodice carunculata. ...
... with the diurnal activity rhythm displayed by the animal. The purpose of this thesis is to present a description of the external and internai anatomy of the supraoesophageal ganglion and a general account of the neurosecretory sites within the supraoesophageal ganglion of Hermodice carunculata. ...
PDF - Molecules and Cells
... neurons is required for a normal PMR, and the activation of SPR in ppk neurons is sufficient to induce the PMR even in virgin flies. The female genital tract houses 30-38 ppk neurons. Silencing of these neurons induces a PMR similar to that caused by mating or SPR activation. This indicates activati ...
... neurons is required for a normal PMR, and the activation of SPR in ppk neurons is sufficient to induce the PMR even in virgin flies. The female genital tract houses 30-38 ppk neurons. Silencing of these neurons induces a PMR similar to that caused by mating or SPR activation. This indicates activati ...
PDF
... GCD, ultrastructural studies have revealed multiple terminals within the GCD whose origins have not been determined (Mugnaini et al., 1980b). Of these, there are many so-called mossy fibers, some of which originate in the cuneate nucleus (Wright and Ryugo, 1996). Mossy fibers have a characteristic a ...
... GCD, ultrastructural studies have revealed multiple terminals within the GCD whose origins have not been determined (Mugnaini et al., 1980b). Of these, there are many so-called mossy fibers, some of which originate in the cuneate nucleus (Wright and Ryugo, 1996). Mossy fibers have a characteristic a ...
A computational account for the ontogeny of mirror neurons via
... To investigate whether or not Hebbian learning is sufficient to lead to the emergence of mirror neurons, we present a computational approach that implements the mechanics described by Keysers and Gazzola (2014). This involves the usage of an artificial neural network (ANN) to simulate activity in t ...
... To investigate whether or not Hebbian learning is sufficient to lead to the emergence of mirror neurons, we present a computational approach that implements the mechanics described by Keysers and Gazzola (2014). This involves the usage of an artificial neural network (ANN) to simulate activity in t ...
Spike-Timing Theory of Working Memory
... of one representation spreads to others, resulting in uncontrollable epileptic-like ‘‘runaway excitation’’. The narrow memory content is at odds with experimental findings that neurons participate in many different neural circuits (see e.g. [16–18]) and, therefore, are part of many distinct represen ...
... of one representation spreads to others, resulting in uncontrollable epileptic-like ‘‘runaway excitation’’. The narrow memory content is at odds with experimental findings that neurons participate in many different neural circuits (see e.g. [16–18]) and, therefore, are part of many distinct represen ...
ORGANIZATION OF NEUROPIL
... fourth and final division is the central neuropil, the neuron feltwork. In many cases it represents the major portion of the ganglion. The term neuropil, however, has beef, used in different ways by a number of authors, and is not a precisely defined concept (see Herrick, 1948; Dempsey and Luse, 195 ...
... fourth and final division is the central neuropil, the neuron feltwork. In many cases it represents the major portion of the ganglion. The term neuropil, however, has beef, used in different ways by a number of authors, and is not a precisely defined concept (see Herrick, 1948; Dempsey and Luse, 195 ...
Synapses formed by normal and abnormal hippocampal mossy fibers
... into the dentate inner molecular layer (Nadler et al. 1980; Laurberg and Zimmer 1981; Frotscher and Zimmer 1983; Sloviter et al. 2006). This sprouting is a consistent feature that follows injury-induced loss of granule cell target neurons in animal models of epilepsy and in human temporal lobe epile ...
... into the dentate inner molecular layer (Nadler et al. 1980; Laurberg and Zimmer 1981; Frotscher and Zimmer 1983; Sloviter et al. 2006). This sprouting is a consistent feature that follows injury-induced loss of granule cell target neurons in animal models of epilepsy and in human temporal lobe epile ...
Extended PDF
... were substantially longer. Together, these results demonstrated that clonally related neurons originating from distinct, sparsely labeled progenitors form spatially segregated clusters, and ...
... were substantially longer. Together, these results demonstrated that clonally related neurons originating from distinct, sparsely labeled progenitors form spatially segregated clusters, and ...
and Third-Order Neurons of Cockroach Ocelli
... responses are essentially linear. Second-order neurons o f a variety of visual systems also generate essentially linear responses. This is the case in vertebrate retinas (Naka et al., 1979; Tranchina et al., 1983; Chappell et al., 1985), in Limulus lateral eyes (Knight et al., 1970), in insect compo ...
... responses are essentially linear. Second-order neurons o f a variety of visual systems also generate essentially linear responses. This is the case in vertebrate retinas (Naka et al., 1979; Tranchina et al., 1983; Chappell et al., 1985), in Limulus lateral eyes (Knight et al., 1970), in insect compo ...
University of Birmingham Drosophila neurotrophins reveal a
... molecules promoting neuronal survival in vertebrates. They also control cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation, and they are required for axonal and dendritic elaborations, synaptic plasticity, excitability, and long-term potentiation (LTP, the basis of memory and learning) [2–5]. NTs under ...
... molecules promoting neuronal survival in vertebrates. They also control cell proliferation and neuronal differentiation, and they are required for axonal and dendritic elaborations, synaptic plasticity, excitability, and long-term potentiation (LTP, the basis of memory and learning) [2–5]. NTs under ...
Properties of Single Neurons Responsive to Light Mechanical
... stimulating device was constructed. It consisted of a perimeter of six electrolytically sharpened stainless steel electrodes surrounding a single central electrode. All electrodes were insulated to within 250 pm of the tip with epoxylite varnish. Adjacent perimetric electrodes had a 1 mm tip separat ...
... stimulating device was constructed. It consisted of a perimeter of six electrolytically sharpened stainless steel electrodes surrounding a single central electrode. All electrodes were insulated to within 250 pm of the tip with epoxylite varnish. Adjacent perimetric electrodes had a 1 mm tip separat ...
Chapter 8 PowerPoint
... Rapid opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels Na+ entry causes rapid depolarization ...
... Rapid opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels Na+ entry causes rapid depolarization ...
Mechanisms to synchronize neuronal activity
... be discussed. In experiments on rabbit olfactory bulb, spindles with a dominant 40-Hz rhythm have been observed (Freeman 1979a,b). The dynamics in the visual cortex have been accordingly nick-named 40-Hz oscillations but the phenomenon is actually much more complex. In the initial experiments on pri ...
... be discussed. In experiments on rabbit olfactory bulb, spindles with a dominant 40-Hz rhythm have been observed (Freeman 1979a,b). The dynamics in the visual cortex have been accordingly nick-named 40-Hz oscillations but the phenomenon is actually much more complex. In the initial experiments on pri ...
The Cat is Out of the Bag: Cortical Simulations with 109 Neurons
... cortical sheet. It has been suggested that layer 4 serves as the main cortical input layer, relaying information to layers 2 and 3, which in turn transfer activity to layers 5 and 6 where it is then sent out of cortex, with connections within each layer facilitating information processing along the ...
... cortical sheet. It has been suggested that layer 4 serves as the main cortical input layer, relaying information to layers 2 and 3, which in turn transfer activity to layers 5 and 6 where it is then sent out of cortex, with connections within each layer facilitating information processing along the ...
Prenatal morphine exposure alters the layer II/III pyramidal neurons
... GABA actions (Ben-Ari, 2002) in the embryonic period plays critical roles in morphological maturation of layer II/III of the somatosensory cortical neurons (Cancedda et al., 2007), loss of function will causes severe deficit in neuronal architecture. The decreased total length of dendrites and spine ...
... GABA actions (Ben-Ari, 2002) in the embryonic period plays critical roles in morphological maturation of layer II/III of the somatosensory cortical neurons (Cancedda et al., 2007), loss of function will causes severe deficit in neuronal architecture. The decreased total length of dendrites and spine ...
spinal nerves - Coastal Bend College
... tendon the sensory neurons of the GTO are stimulated AP carried to SC and an Inhibitory Interneuron wh/ are stimulated to release inhibitory NT’s These NT’s inhibit the a motor neurons of the associated muscle causing relaxation. • **Purpose??** To protect both muscles & tendons from XSV tension ...
... tendon the sensory neurons of the GTO are stimulated AP carried to SC and an Inhibitory Interneuron wh/ are stimulated to release inhibitory NT’s These NT’s inhibit the a motor neurons of the associated muscle causing relaxation. • **Purpose??** To protect both muscles & tendons from XSV tension ...
Chapter 12 - Coastal Bend College
... tendon the sensory neurons of the GTO are stimulated AP carried to SC and an Inhibitory Interneuron wh/ are stimulated to release inhibitory NT’s These NT’s inhibit the α motor neurons of the associated muscle causing relaxation. • **Purpose??** To protect both muscles & tendons from XSV tension ...
... tendon the sensory neurons of the GTO are stimulated AP carried to SC and an Inhibitory Interneuron wh/ are stimulated to release inhibitory NT’s These NT’s inhibit the α motor neurons of the associated muscle causing relaxation. • **Purpose??** To protect both muscles & tendons from XSV tension ...
An Introduction to the ANS and Higher
... • Parasympathetic Division • Preganglionic fibers originate in brain stem and sacral segments of spinal cord; craniosacral • Synapse in ganglia close to (or within) target organs • Preganglionic fibers are long • Postganglionic fibers are short • Parasympathetic division stimulates visceral activity ...
... • Parasympathetic Division • Preganglionic fibers originate in brain stem and sacral segments of spinal cord; craniosacral • Synapse in ganglia close to (or within) target organs • Preganglionic fibers are long • Postganglionic fibers are short • Parasympathetic division stimulates visceral activity ...
NSS214 - National Open University of Nigeria
... hollow tube remains hollow even as the regions are formed. The hollow parts divide into cavities called ventricles in the brain. These become filled with cerebrospinal fluid. These cavities are connected to themselves and are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord. The central nervous ...
... hollow tube remains hollow even as the regions are formed. The hollow parts divide into cavities called ventricles in the brain. These become filled with cerebrospinal fluid. These cavities are connected to themselves and are continuous with the central canal of the spinal cord. The central nervous ...
NEOCORTEX
... and paleocortex (olfactory bulb and olfactory cortex) is the neocort¿x, which is the most recent arrival in evolutionary history and arguably the most impressive example of the genre. It has certainly impressed paleontologists, whose research on the fossil record of hominids has demonstrated that th ...
... and paleocortex (olfactory bulb and olfactory cortex) is the neocort¿x, which is the most recent arrival in evolutionary history and arguably the most impressive example of the genre. It has certainly impressed paleontologists, whose research on the fossil record of hominids has demonstrated that th ...
Neural Network Dynamics
... a network model described in terms of neuronal firing rates that exhibits sustained and oscillatory activity and a network of spiking model neurons that displays chaotic activity. We begin the review with a discussion of sustained responses to transient stimuli. Neuronal activity evoked by a transien ...
... a network model described in terms of neuronal firing rates that exhibits sustained and oscillatory activity and a network of spiking model neurons that displays chaotic activity. We begin the review with a discussion of sustained responses to transient stimuli. Neuronal activity evoked by a transien ...
The Relation between Dendritic Geometry
... software (MicroBright-Field, Colchester, VT) using an Olympus Optical (Hamburg, Germany) BX50 microscope at a final magnification of 10003 (using a 1003, 1.25 NA objective). The reconstructions provided the basis for the quantitative morphological analysis (see below). The soma was reconstructed by dr ...
... software (MicroBright-Field, Colchester, VT) using an Olympus Optical (Hamburg, Germany) BX50 microscope at a final magnification of 10003 (using a 1003, 1.25 NA objective). The reconstructions provided the basis for the quantitative morphological analysis (see below). The soma was reconstructed by dr ...
The Central Nervous System
... • Rapid opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels • Na+ entry causes rapid depolarization ...
... • Rapid opening of voltage-gated Na+ channels • Na+ entry causes rapid depolarization ...
Development of the Auditory Areas
... The prominent radial neurogenetic gradient between deep and superficial layers is shown after [3H] thymidine injections on E17 and EI8 (Figs. 12-2 and 12-3). Practically all of the neurons in layer VI and many of the neurons in layer V (especially anteriorly, Fig. 12-2) are unlabeled, while the majo ...
... The prominent radial neurogenetic gradient between deep and superficial layers is shown after [3H] thymidine injections on E17 and EI8 (Figs. 12-2 and 12-3). Practically all of the neurons in layer VI and many of the neurons in layer V (especially anteriorly, Fig. 12-2) are unlabeled, while the majo ...
Axon
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An axon (from Greek ἄξων áxōn, axis), also known as a nerve fibre, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that typically conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body. The function of the axon is to transmit information to different neurons, muscles and glands. In certain sensory neurons (pseudounipolar neurons), such as those for touch and warmth, the electrical impulse travels along an axon from the periphery to the cell body, and from the cell body to the spinal cord along another branch of the same axon. Axon dysfunction causes many inherited and acquired neurological disorders which can affect both the peripheral and central neurons.An axon is one of two types of protoplasmic protrusions that extrude from the cell body of a neuron, the other type being dendrites. Axons are distinguished from dendrites by several features, including shape (dendrites often taper while axons usually maintain a constant radius), length (dendrites are restricted to a small region around the cell body while axons can be much longer), and function (dendrites usually receive signals while axons usually transmit them). All of these rules have exceptions, however.Some types of neurons have no axon and transmit signals from their dendrites. No neuron ever has more than one axon; however in invertebrates such as insects or leeches the axon sometimes consists of several regions that function more or less independently of each other. Most axons branch, in some cases very profusely.Axons make contact with other cells—usually other neurons but sometimes muscle or gland cells—at junctions called synapses. At a synapse, the membrane of the axon closely adjoins the membrane of the target cell, and special molecular structures serve to transmit electrical or electrochemical signals across the gap. Some synaptic junctions appear partway along an axon as it extends—these are called en passant (""in passing"") synapses. Other synapses appear as terminals at the ends of axonal branches. A single axon, with all its branches taken together, can innervate multiple parts of the brain and generate thousands of synaptic terminals.