pain impulses
... action potential failure—Wedenski’s inhibition Wedenski’s inhibition ; damping of muscle response resulting from application of a series of rapidly repeated stimuli to the motor nerve where less frequent stimulation ...
... action potential failure—Wedenski’s inhibition Wedenski’s inhibition ; damping of muscle response resulting from application of a series of rapidly repeated stimuli to the motor nerve where less frequent stimulation ...
AXOTOMIZED SPINAL COMMISSURAL INTERNEURONS OF THE ADULT FELINE:
... interneurons are capable of spontaneous functional regeneration through an injured spinal cord. PCI growth cones are complex and unlike growth cones previously described in the literature. The final study of the thesis examines the morphologies of PCI growth cones within spinal cord injury sites. W ...
... interneurons are capable of spontaneous functional regeneration through an injured spinal cord. PCI growth cones are complex and unlike growth cones previously described in the literature. The final study of the thesis examines the morphologies of PCI growth cones within spinal cord injury sites. W ...
Connectivity and circuitry in a dish versus in a brain
... [40]. In the following years, several additional reports demonstrated that some microorganisms known for being able to produce visible light-gated proteins that directly regulate the flow of ions across the plasma membrane (channelrhodopsin, bacteriorhodopsin and halorhodopsin) are capable of turnin ...
... [40]. In the following years, several additional reports demonstrated that some microorganisms known for being able to produce visible light-gated proteins that directly regulate the flow of ions across the plasma membrane (channelrhodopsin, bacteriorhodopsin and halorhodopsin) are capable of turnin ...
What does the eye tell the brain? Development of a system for the large-scale recording of retinal output activity
... These signals are ac-coupled by an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC—the “Platchip”), amplified, bandpass-filtered, and analog multiplexed by a second ASIC (the “Neurochip”), and then digitized and recorded by the data acquisition ...
... These signals are ac-coupled by an application specific integrated circuit (ASIC—the “Platchip”), amplified, bandpass-filtered, and analog multiplexed by a second ASIC (the “Neurochip”), and then digitized and recorded by the data acquisition ...
View PDF - UCLA.edu
... The visual system of Drosophila melanogaster provides a powerful genetic system to analyze the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating axon target selection. The compound eye comprises ⵑ750 ommatidia, each containing eight photoreceptor neurons (R cells; R1–R8). Each class of R cells forms spec ...
... The visual system of Drosophila melanogaster provides a powerful genetic system to analyze the cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating axon target selection. The compound eye comprises ⵑ750 ommatidia, each containing eight photoreceptor neurons (R cells; R1–R8). Each class of R cells forms spec ...
Neurofilaments and Orthograde Transport Are Reduced in Ventral
... in the perikarya and proximal axons of spinal cord motoneurons by z180 d of age (data not shown). Immunohistochemical studies performed with NF subunit-specific antibodies (e.g., RMO32 specific for highly phosphorylated NFM, RMO24 specific for highly phosphorylated NFH, and rabbit anti-NFL polyclona ...
... in the perikarya and proximal axons of spinal cord motoneurons by z180 d of age (data not shown). Immunohistochemical studies performed with NF subunit-specific antibodies (e.g., RMO32 specific for highly phosphorylated NFM, RMO24 specific for highly phosphorylated NFH, and rabbit anti-NFL polyclona ...
Chap016, Chapter 16: Autonomic Nervous System
... Both divisions of the ANS can produce stimulatory effects. B) Both divisions cooperate to achieve normal reproductive function. C) Structures receiving dual innervation by the ANS are regulated equally by both divisions. D) The sympathetic division has more influence under conditions of physical act ...
... Both divisions of the ANS can produce stimulatory effects. B) Both divisions cooperate to achieve normal reproductive function. C) Structures receiving dual innervation by the ANS are regulated equally by both divisions. D) The sympathetic division has more influence under conditions of physical act ...
Slide 7.45b
... In CNS – No Schwann cells to do this.SLIDE Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... In CNS – No Schwann cells to do this.SLIDE Copyright © 2003 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
The beginning of connectomics: a commentary on White
... and interesting behaviour but seemed too complex as its nervous system contained some 100 000 neurons. Others, such as the slime mould Dictyostelium discoidium, had no nervous system at all. A new model animal was needed. In seeking a new experimental animal to tackle problems of the nervous system, ...
... and interesting behaviour but seemed too complex as its nervous system contained some 100 000 neurons. Others, such as the slime mould Dictyostelium discoidium, had no nervous system at all. A new model animal was needed. In seeking a new experimental animal to tackle problems of the nervous system, ...
Biology: Life on Earth 8/e
... Figure E38-5 (part 1) Biology: Life on Earth 8/e ©2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. ...
... Figure E38-5 (part 1) Biology: Life on Earth 8/e ©2008 Pearson Prentice Hall, Inc. ...
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
... Another hypothesis is astrocyte cells being detrimental to motor neurons. A recent study found that when human adult astrocytes were placed with embryonic stem-cell-derived motor neurons, the astrocytes triggered a form of regulated necrosis in the motor neuron cells. As a result of this research, t ...
... Another hypothesis is astrocyte cells being detrimental to motor neurons. A recent study found that when human adult astrocytes were placed with embryonic stem-cell-derived motor neurons, the astrocytes triggered a form of regulated necrosis in the motor neuron cells. As a result of this research, t ...
Comparative analysis of the baseline spike activity of
... of grouped or burst activity and neurons showing monotonic changes in discharge frequency accounted for 19.5% and 10.4% of cells respectively (Fig. 2, III, IV). Neurons with random interspike intervals accounted for only 1.3% of cells (Fig. 2, I). Analysis of histograms of interspike intervals for n ...
... of grouped or burst activity and neurons showing monotonic changes in discharge frequency accounted for 19.5% and 10.4% of cells respectively (Fig. 2, III, IV). Neurons with random interspike intervals accounted for only 1.3% of cells (Fig. 2, I). Analysis of histograms of interspike intervals for n ...
Propagated Signaling: The Action Potential
... The Na+ and K+ currents depend on two factors: the conductance for each ion and the electrochemical driving force acting on the ion. Since the Na + and K+ membrane conductance is directly proportional to the number of open Na + and K+ channels, we can gain insight into how membrane voltage controls ...
... The Na+ and K+ currents depend on two factors: the conductance for each ion and the electrochemical driving force acting on the ion. Since the Na + and K+ membrane conductance is directly proportional to the number of open Na + and K+ channels, we can gain insight into how membrane voltage controls ...
Clinical, electroneuromyographic and morphological studies of pure
... The aim of this study is to obtain an integrated understanding of the pathogenesis of neuropathy in patients with pure neural leprosy (PNL) by analysis of semithin sections, together with the clinical, electroneuromyographic and laboratory data. A morphological study of 19 nerve biopsies of leprosy ...
... The aim of this study is to obtain an integrated understanding of the pathogenesis of neuropathy in patients with pure neural leprosy (PNL) by analysis of semithin sections, together with the clinical, electroneuromyographic and laboratory data. A morphological study of 19 nerve biopsies of leprosy ...
Anatomical Distribution of Serotonin- Containing
... axons will also be described. In the Results section, references to the work of other authors are given systematically after the description of our own observations. In this work, it was found that 5-HT-immunoreactive axons and varicosities arborize in every part of the gray matter in the brain and ...
... axons will also be described. In the Results section, references to the work of other authors are given systematically after the description of our own observations. In this work, it was found that 5-HT-immunoreactive axons and varicosities arborize in every part of the gray matter in the brain and ...
Independent Functions of Slit–Robo Repulsion and Netrin– Frazzled
... receptor Fra is expressed broadly and at high levels on many axons in the CNS, including both commissural and longitudinal portions of axons, whereas the Robo receptor is expressed broadly and at high levels along the longitudinal axon connectives but is kept at low levels on the commissural portion ...
... receptor Fra is expressed broadly and at high levels on many axons in the CNS, including both commissural and longitudinal portions of axons, whereas the Robo receptor is expressed broadly and at high levels along the longitudinal axon connectives but is kept at low levels on the commissural portion ...
Odorant-induced Oscillations in the Mushroom Bodies of
... between CYlobe of the mushroom body and antenna1 lobes (Arnold et al., 1985; Rybak and Menzel, 1993). Although the morphological organization of the insect mushroom bodies and the anatomical structure of their component neurons have been known for a very long time from anatomical studies (Kenyon, 18 ...
... between CYlobe of the mushroom body and antenna1 lobes (Arnold et al., 1985; Rybak and Menzel, 1993). Although the morphological organization of the insect mushroom bodies and the anatomical structure of their component neurons have been known for a very long time from anatomical studies (Kenyon, 18 ...
Projections From the Ventral Cochlear Nucleus to the Dorsal
... the band of retrograde labeling in each section and the arrows point to the radiate neuron cell body. A–C: Examples of radiate neurons found in the AVCN, whereas (D) shows a radiate neuron located in the posteroventral cochlear nucleus (PVCN). Radiate neurons of the AVCN and PVCN were morphologicall ...
... the band of retrograde labeling in each section and the arrows point to the radiate neuron cell body. A–C: Examples of radiate neurons found in the AVCN, whereas (D) shows a radiate neuron located in the posteroventral cochlear nucleus (PVCN). Radiate neurons of the AVCN and PVCN were morphologicall ...
Immunohistochemical Study of Spinal Motor Neurons Following
... Axotomy causes disturbance in intra-axonal and retrograde transportation of nerve growth factors from target organ to somata of motor neurons. Absence of neurotrophic factor induces some degenerative changes and perhaps neuronal death of motor neurons (33). Ma and et al. in 2003 reported that 16 wee ...
... Axotomy causes disturbance in intra-axonal and retrograde transportation of nerve growth factors from target organ to somata of motor neurons. Absence of neurotrophic factor induces some degenerative changes and perhaps neuronal death of motor neurons (33). Ma and et al. in 2003 reported that 16 wee ...
Neuronal control of swimming in jellyfish: a
... mutilated without undergoing destruction of their physiological continuity is in the highest degree astounding”. Romanes coupled his physiological knowledge with the histological information on nerve-net structure to put forward this analogy of the motor nerve net: “…if the reader will imagine a dis ...
... mutilated without undergoing destruction of their physiological continuity is in the highest degree astounding”. Romanes coupled his physiological knowledge with the histological information on nerve-net structure to put forward this analogy of the motor nerve net: “…if the reader will imagine a dis ...
Increased Expression of Neuronal Nitric Oxide Synthase (NOS) in
... different 2, 3, or 4 weeks after axotomy. Thus, the data from all survival periods were treated as a single group. NADPH-d activity in DRG was not quantified after axotomy due to the large numbers of these cells and the variations in staining intensity (i.e., intense, moderate, light) (Vizzard et al ...
... different 2, 3, or 4 weeks after axotomy. Thus, the data from all survival periods were treated as a single group. NADPH-d activity in DRG was not quantified after axotomy due to the large numbers of these cells and the variations in staining intensity (i.e., intense, moderate, light) (Vizzard et al ...
HSAN I - Viktor`s Notes for the Neurosurgery Resident
... almost exclusively Ashkenazi Jews (carrier state is estimated to be 1%). PATHOLOGY, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY pathophysiologic findings: 1) decreased levels of dopamine-β-hydroxylase (decreased synthesis of noradrenaline from dopamine) 2) increased levels of β unit of nerve growth factor (NGF). postmort ...
... almost exclusively Ashkenazi Jews (carrier state is estimated to be 1%). PATHOLOGY, PATHOPHYSIOLOGY pathophysiologic findings: 1) decreased levels of dopamine-β-hydroxylase (decreased synthesis of noradrenaline from dopamine) 2) increased levels of β unit of nerve growth factor (NGF). postmort ...
Trigeminal Nerve (CN 5) - California Health Information Association
... References: Gray’s Anatomy of the Human Body This Anatomy and Physiology tip sheet was developed by the CHIA Coding and Data Quality Committee as an educational resource 2012. Copyright © California Health Information Association, 2012. ...
... References: Gray’s Anatomy of the Human Body This Anatomy and Physiology tip sheet was developed by the CHIA Coding and Data Quality Committee as an educational resource 2012. Copyright © California Health Information Association, 2012. ...
Passive Properties of Swimmeret Motor Neurons
... motor neurons that innervate the swimmerets—limbs that occur in pairs on several abdominal segments—perform both tasks (Heitler 1978, 1983; Sherff and Mulloney 1996). When crustaceans swim forward by beating their swimmerets, each limb moves rhythmically through cycles of power strokes and return st ...
... motor neurons that innervate the swimmerets—limbs that occur in pairs on several abdominal segments—perform both tasks (Heitler 1978, 1983; Sherff and Mulloney 1996). When crustaceans swim forward by beating their swimmerets, each limb moves rhythmically through cycles of power strokes and return st ...
Axon
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An axon (from Greek ἄξων áxōn, axis), also known as a nerve fibre, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that typically conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body. The function of the axon is to transmit information to different neurons, muscles and glands. In certain sensory neurons (pseudounipolar neurons), such as those for touch and warmth, the electrical impulse travels along an axon from the periphery to the cell body, and from the cell body to the spinal cord along another branch of the same axon. Axon dysfunction causes many inherited and acquired neurological disorders which can affect both the peripheral and central neurons.An axon is one of two types of protoplasmic protrusions that extrude from the cell body of a neuron, the other type being dendrites. Axons are distinguished from dendrites by several features, including shape (dendrites often taper while axons usually maintain a constant radius), length (dendrites are restricted to a small region around the cell body while axons can be much longer), and function (dendrites usually receive signals while axons usually transmit them). All of these rules have exceptions, however.Some types of neurons have no axon and transmit signals from their dendrites. No neuron ever has more than one axon; however in invertebrates such as insects or leeches the axon sometimes consists of several regions that function more or less independently of each other. Most axons branch, in some cases very profusely.Axons make contact with other cells—usually other neurons but sometimes muscle or gland cells—at junctions called synapses. At a synapse, the membrane of the axon closely adjoins the membrane of the target cell, and special molecular structures serve to transmit electrical or electrochemical signals across the gap. Some synaptic junctions appear partway along an axon as it extends—these are called en passant (""in passing"") synapses. Other synapses appear as terminals at the ends of axonal branches. A single axon, with all its branches taken together, can innervate multiple parts of the brain and generate thousands of synaptic terminals.