Chemical Nature of Synaptic Transmission in Vertebrates
... and related compounds. In general, the parasympathetic system acts on its effector organs by muscarinic transmission, whereas nicotinic actions are seen characteristically at the skeletal neuromuscular junction and in autonomic ganglia; but ACh may act in both ways on the same cell, as in sympatheti ...
... and related compounds. In general, the parasympathetic system acts on its effector organs by muscarinic transmission, whereas nicotinic actions are seen characteristically at the skeletal neuromuscular junction and in autonomic ganglia; but ACh may act in both ways on the same cell, as in sympatheti ...
cerebellum
... forming parallel fibers that run parallel to the folia. – The parallel fibers run perpendicular to the dendrites of the Purkinje cells. – Each parallel fiber forms excitatory synaptic contacts with numerous Purkinje cells. – All output from the cerebellar cortex is carried by the axons of Purkinje c ...
... forming parallel fibers that run parallel to the folia. – The parallel fibers run perpendicular to the dendrites of the Purkinje cells. – Each parallel fiber forms excitatory synaptic contacts with numerous Purkinje cells. – All output from the cerebellar cortex is carried by the axons of Purkinje c ...
Afferent Input to Nucleus Submedius in Rats
... were classified as superficial if they were located in the marginal zone, substantia gelatinosa, or the overlying spinal trigeminal tract. Neurons were classified as deep if they were located in an area extending approximately 800 pm ventromedially from the ventral border of the substantia gelatinos ...
... were classified as superficial if they were located in the marginal zone, substantia gelatinosa, or the overlying spinal trigeminal tract. Neurons were classified as deep if they were located in an area extending approximately 800 pm ventromedially from the ventral border of the substantia gelatinos ...
Discharge Patterns of Neurons in the Ventral Nucleus of the Lateral
... nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (VNLL) is a major auditory nucleus that sends a large projection to the inferior colliculus. Despite its prominence, the responses of neurons in the VNLL have not been extensively studied. Previous studies in nonecholocating species have used anesthesia, which is kno ...
... nucleus of the lateral lemniscus (VNLL) is a major auditory nucleus that sends a large projection to the inferior colliculus. Despite its prominence, the responses of neurons in the VNLL have not been extensively studied. Previous studies in nonecholocating species have used anesthesia, which is kno ...
Relationship of Activity in the Subthalamic Nucleus–Globus Pallidus
... the ketamine-anesthetized group had a significantly faster frequency of oscillation than that recorded in animals under urethane anesthesia (Tables 1, 2). Higher-frequency activity, which was of a smaller amplitude (,200 mV), was commonly superimposed on specific portions of the large slow-waves (Fi ...
... the ketamine-anesthetized group had a significantly faster frequency of oscillation than that recorded in animals under urethane anesthesia (Tables 1, 2). Higher-frequency activity, which was of a smaller amplitude (,200 mV), was commonly superimposed on specific portions of the large slow-waves (Fi ...
Genesis and Control of the Respiratory Rhythm in Adult
... within the rib cage. Its contractions are directly responsible for sending air into the lungs. Secondly, there are several pairs of muscles, such as the internal and external intercostal, scalene, elevator costae, and abdominal muscles. Although they are often classified as “accessory” respiratory m ...
... within the rib cage. Its contractions are directly responsible for sending air into the lungs. Secondly, there are several pairs of muscles, such as the internal and external intercostal, scalene, elevator costae, and abdominal muscles. Although they are often classified as “accessory” respiratory m ...
ANS: c, p. 46, F, LO=2.1, (1) - test bank and solution manual for your
... b) regulate the neuron’s life processes c) receive messages from neighboring neurons Incorrect. Dendrites, not axons, receive messages. d) insulate against leakage of electrical impulses ANS: a, p. 47, F, LO=2.1, (2) % correct 67 a= 67 b= 2 c= 10 d= 21 r = .41 % correct 80 a= 80 b= 6 c= 13 d= 2 r = ...
... b) regulate the neuron’s life processes c) receive messages from neighboring neurons Incorrect. Dendrites, not axons, receive messages. d) insulate against leakage of electrical impulses ANS: a, p. 47, F, LO=2.1, (2) % correct 67 a= 67 b= 2 c= 10 d= 21 r = .41 % correct 80 a= 80 b= 6 c= 13 d= 2 r = ...
- Columbia University Medical Center
... during the development of the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS)—a diversity essential to the formation of selective neuronal circuits. Soon after their generation, neurons of a particular class segregate from those of other classes—a process that is linked to their later patterns of connectivi ...
... during the development of the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS)—a diversity essential to the formation of selective neuronal circuits. Soon after their generation, neurons of a particular class segregate from those of other classes—a process that is linked to their later patterns of connectivi ...
CHAPTER TWO - Test Bank 1
... b) regulate the neuron’s life processes c) receive messages from neighboring neurons Incorrect. Dendrites, not axons, receive messages. d) insulate against leakage of electrical impulses ANS: a, p. 47, F, LO=2.1, (2) % correct 67 a= 67 b= 2 c= 10 d= 21 r = .41 % correct 80 a= 80 b= 6 c= 13 d= 2 r = ...
... b) regulate the neuron’s life processes c) receive messages from neighboring neurons Incorrect. Dendrites, not axons, receive messages. d) insulate against leakage of electrical impulses ANS: a, p. 47, F, LO=2.1, (2) % correct 67 a= 67 b= 2 c= 10 d= 21 r = .41 % correct 80 a= 80 b= 6 c= 13 d= 2 r = ...
Chapter 9 Nervous System
... B. Organs of the nervous system can be divided into the central nervous system (CNS), made up of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), made up of peripheral nerves that connect the CNS to the rest of the body. ...
... B. Organs of the nervous system can be divided into the central nervous system (CNS), made up of the brain and spinal cord, and the peripheral nervous system (PNS), made up of peripheral nerves that connect the CNS to the rest of the body. ...
Characterization of peripheral osmoreceptors - diss.fu
... The cells of our body are surrounded by a fluid known as extracellular fluid (ECF). It contains substances such as sodium, chloride, potassium, urea, glucose and many others. The osmolality of the ECF is a measure of the concentration of each of these substances and is defined as the number of moles ...
... The cells of our body are surrounded by a fluid known as extracellular fluid (ECF). It contains substances such as sodium, chloride, potassium, urea, glucose and many others. The osmolality of the ECF is a measure of the concentration of each of these substances and is defined as the number of moles ...
Central circuitries for body temperature regulation and fever
... which are then sensed by the thermoregulatory center. The information on peripheral and central temperatures, immune signals, and other homeostatic parameters (e.g., osmolarity in tissue fluid) that is delivered to the thermoregulatory center is integrated and then, the center provides command signa ...
... which are then sensed by the thermoregulatory center. The information on peripheral and central temperatures, immune signals, and other homeostatic parameters (e.g., osmolarity in tissue fluid) that is delivered to the thermoregulatory center is integrated and then, the center provides command signa ...
Central circuitries for body temperature regulation and fever
... which are then sensed by the thermoregulatory center. The information on peripheral and central temperatures, immune signals, and other homeostatic parameters (e.g., osmolarity in tissue fluid) that is delivered to the thermoregulatory center is integrated and then, the center provides command signa ...
... which are then sensed by the thermoregulatory center. The information on peripheral and central temperatures, immune signals, and other homeostatic parameters (e.g., osmolarity in tissue fluid) that is delivered to the thermoregulatory center is integrated and then, the center provides command signa ...
A transcription factor network controls cell migration
... post fertilization (hpf), resulting in large deficits in all subtypes of pineal cells (Masai et al., 1997); despite the loss of these cells, the parapineal organ can still form in Flh mutants (Snelson et al., 2008a). In contrast, parapineal development is dramatically affected in Tbx2b mutants, whic ...
... post fertilization (hpf), resulting in large deficits in all subtypes of pineal cells (Masai et al., 1997); despite the loss of these cells, the parapineal organ can still form in Flh mutants (Snelson et al., 2008a). In contrast, parapineal development is dramatically affected in Tbx2b mutants, whic ...
Structure and Central Connections Of PERIPHERAL OLFACTORY
... cells. A chemosensory function of these cells has yet to be demonstrated. The fourth cell type is the cell that lines the Bowman’s glands and ducts, whereas the fifth and sixth cell types are the globose (light) basal cell and horizontal (dark) basal cell— which are located near the basement membran ...
... cells. A chemosensory function of these cells has yet to be demonstrated. The fourth cell type is the cell that lines the Bowman’s glands and ducts, whereas the fifth and sixth cell types are the globose (light) basal cell and horizontal (dark) basal cell— which are located near the basement membran ...
FREE Sample Here
... LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.2.01 - Define what a neuron is, identify the parts of the neuron, and explain how neurons communicate with each other. KEYWORDS: Define/Describe 15. Regarding the nervous system, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Nerves are not the same as neurons and ...
... LEARNING OBJECTIVES: EPCA.NEVI.2015.2.01 - Define what a neuron is, identify the parts of the neuron, and explain how neurons communicate with each other. KEYWORDS: Define/Describe 15. Regarding the nervous system, which of the following statements is FALSE? a. Nerves are not the same as neurons and ...
Nicotine excites hypothalamic arcuate anorexigenic
... 1999). As smoking enhances cognitive arousal, it is possible that one site of nicotine action is on the hypocretin cell. Nicotine has been suggested to modulate hypocretin neurons or neurons innervated by hypocretin axons (Hollander et al. 2008; Plaza-Zabala et al. 2010), but little electrophysiolog ...
... 1999). As smoking enhances cognitive arousal, it is possible that one site of nicotine action is on the hypocretin cell. Nicotine has been suggested to modulate hypocretin neurons or neurons innervated by hypocretin axons (Hollander et al. 2008; Plaza-Zabala et al. 2010), but little electrophysiolog ...
Read Neuroglia
... neuroglia cells in the medical dictionary neuroglia cells explanation free what is neuroglia cells, chapter 10 neuroglial cells in general fine structure - chapter 10 neuroglial cells in general classically there are three kinds of neuroglial cells astrocytes oligodendrocytes and microglial cells t ...
... neuroglia cells in the medical dictionary neuroglia cells explanation free what is neuroglia cells, chapter 10 neuroglial cells in general fine structure - chapter 10 neuroglial cells in general classically there are three kinds of neuroglial cells astrocytes oligodendrocytes and microglial cells t ...
Central and peripheral chemoreceptors evoke distinct responses in
... raphé nuclei. Midline raphé neurons are proposed to be elements of a distributed brainstem system of central chemoreceptors, as well as modulators of central chemoreceptors at other sites, including the retrotrapezoid nucleus. Stimulation of the raphé system or peripheral chemoreceptors can induc ...
... raphé nuclei. Midline raphé neurons are proposed to be elements of a distributed brainstem system of central chemoreceptors, as well as modulators of central chemoreceptors at other sites, including the retrotrapezoid nucleus. Stimulation of the raphé system or peripheral chemoreceptors can induc ...
Multiple hypothalamic circuits sense and regulate glucose levels
... appear to be the opposite of those of orexin/hypocretin cells. In mice, knockout of MCH increases energy expenditure and reduces body weight (88), and these characteristics are also seen in animals lacking the MCH receptor -1 (MCH1R) (57). Central injection of MCH in rats increases the quantities of ...
... appear to be the opposite of those of orexin/hypocretin cells. In mice, knockout of MCH increases energy expenditure and reduces body weight (88), and these characteristics are also seen in animals lacking the MCH receptor -1 (MCH1R) (57). Central injection of MCH in rats increases the quantities of ...
$doc.title
... • how the nervous system receives information from the environment • how the nervous system can store this information • how neural interactions can generate behaviour • the methodologies used to explore ...
... • how the nervous system receives information from the environment • how the nervous system can store this information • how neural interactions can generate behaviour • the methodologies used to explore ...
Copyright 1984 by Desav, Paul Henri All Rights Reserved
... In the decades around the turn of the century neuroanatomists compared and described in exacting detail the brains of a wide variety of species. The forebrain of the turtle, like that of all reptiles, consists of pallial and basal sectors surrounding a lateral ventricle. Figure 1 illustrates these s ...
... In the decades around the turn of the century neuroanatomists compared and described in exacting detail the brains of a wide variety of species. The forebrain of the turtle, like that of all reptiles, consists of pallial and basal sectors surrounding a lateral ventricle. Figure 1 illustrates these s ...
projecting to oculomotor regions of the pons Activity of monkey
... 6. The same stimuli that caused omnipause neurons to stop firing excited burst neurons in the PPRF. The latency to excitation ranged from 4.2 to 9.8 ms, suggesting that there is at least one additional neuron between frontal eye field neurons and burst neurons in the PPRF. 7. The present study confi ...
... 6. The same stimuli that caused omnipause neurons to stop firing excited burst neurons in the PPRF. The latency to excitation ranged from 4.2 to 9.8 ms, suggesting that there is at least one additional neuron between frontal eye field neurons and burst neurons in the PPRF. 7. The present study confi ...
Neuronal Activation in the Medulla Oblongata During Selective
... Once the neural pathways are identified, future studies can begin to determine how to modulate the system to prevent laryngospasm. This study also addresses the integrative system controlling the larynx. The central pattern generators for central apnea, laryngospasm, swallowing, and cough can all be ...
... Once the neural pathways are identified, future studies can begin to determine how to modulate the system to prevent laryngospasm. This study also addresses the integrative system controlling the larynx. The central pattern generators for central apnea, laryngospasm, swallowing, and cough can all be ...
Coordinated Interaction between Hippocampal Sharp
... and 100 A, each lasting 0.1 ms—were delivered intermittently at variable intervals between 10 and 15 s. The lowest intensity of stimulation (35 A) evoked little response in the hippocampus, and thus was excluded from the study’s analyses. After completion of the above recording sessions, the ACC e ...
... and 100 A, each lasting 0.1 ms—were delivered intermittently at variable intervals between 10 and 15 s. The lowest intensity of stimulation (35 A) evoked little response in the hippocampus, and thus was excluded from the study’s analyses. After completion of the above recording sessions, the ACC e ...
Axon
.svg?width=300)
An axon (from Greek ἄξων áxōn, axis), also known as a nerve fibre, is a long, slender projection of a nerve cell, or neuron, that typically conducts electrical impulses away from the neuron's cell body. The function of the axon is to transmit information to different neurons, muscles and glands. In certain sensory neurons (pseudounipolar neurons), such as those for touch and warmth, the electrical impulse travels along an axon from the periphery to the cell body, and from the cell body to the spinal cord along another branch of the same axon. Axon dysfunction causes many inherited and acquired neurological disorders which can affect both the peripheral and central neurons.An axon is one of two types of protoplasmic protrusions that extrude from the cell body of a neuron, the other type being dendrites. Axons are distinguished from dendrites by several features, including shape (dendrites often taper while axons usually maintain a constant radius), length (dendrites are restricted to a small region around the cell body while axons can be much longer), and function (dendrites usually receive signals while axons usually transmit them). All of these rules have exceptions, however.Some types of neurons have no axon and transmit signals from their dendrites. No neuron ever has more than one axon; however in invertebrates such as insects or leeches the axon sometimes consists of several regions that function more or less independently of each other. Most axons branch, in some cases very profusely.Axons make contact with other cells—usually other neurons but sometimes muscle or gland cells—at junctions called synapses. At a synapse, the membrane of the axon closely adjoins the membrane of the target cell, and special molecular structures serve to transmit electrical or electrochemical signals across the gap. Some synaptic junctions appear partway along an axon as it extends—these are called en passant (""in passing"") synapses. Other synapses appear as terminals at the ends of axonal branches. A single axon, with all its branches taken together, can innervate multiple parts of the brain and generate thousands of synaptic terminals.