UNC-119 suppresses axon branching
... terminated (axons and branches failed to reach the dorsal nerve cord). Finally, we noted if there were supernumerary growth cones extending directly from DD cell bodies. UNC-119 immunocytochemistry To determine where the UNC-119 protein was located, we generated antibodies against UNC-119. The DNA e ...
... terminated (axons and branches failed to reach the dorsal nerve cord). Finally, we noted if there were supernumerary growth cones extending directly from DD cell bodies. UNC-119 immunocytochemistry To determine where the UNC-119 protein was located, we generated antibodies against UNC-119. The DNA e ...
From Thought to Action
... defines the boundaries of the cell. Within the cell, organelles are involved in the controlled production and interaction of proteins, sugars, nucleotides, and other molecular constituents. The processes that define the state of the nervous system occur on multiple scales, from molecular interaction ...
... defines the boundaries of the cell. Within the cell, organelles are involved in the controlled production and interaction of proteins, sugars, nucleotides, and other molecular constituents. The processes that define the state of the nervous system occur on multiple scales, from molecular interaction ...
Neurophysiological and Computational Principles of Cortical
... may be computationally desirable to maximize information content of spike trains for neural coding of sensory information (36), generating stochastic choice behavior in decision making (226, 487, 1034) and other brain functions. At first sight, the strongly stochastic nature of neuronal spike discha ...
... may be computationally desirable to maximize information content of spike trains for neural coding of sensory information (36), generating stochastic choice behavior in decision making (226, 487, 1034) and other brain functions. At first sight, the strongly stochastic nature of neuronal spike discha ...
Functional Specialization Within the Cat Red Nucleus
... practical advantages over spike-triggered averaging. One advantage is that the experimental demands are less because single units do not need to be isolated for a prolonged averaging period. A second advantage is that stimulation has a relatively strong effect on muscle activation because more than ...
... practical advantages over spike-triggered averaging. One advantage is that the experimental demands are less because single units do not need to be isolated for a prolonged averaging period. A second advantage is that stimulation has a relatively strong effect on muscle activation because more than ...
Zhang Yufeng - USD Biology
... • Rewards wait error gradually increased, and 5HT neural activity ceased before the rats ceased waiting for possible future rewards • When an expected water reward was suddenly omitted for several continuous trials, 5-HT neural activity also dropped ...
... • Rewards wait error gradually increased, and 5HT neural activity ceased before the rats ceased waiting for possible future rewards • When an expected water reward was suddenly omitted for several continuous trials, 5-HT neural activity also dropped ...
Alexander et al., 2009
... The most successful—and now most extensively used— of these advances were the human muscarinic (hM) receptor-based DREADDs. These hM variants have been fashioned to signal through one of four canonical GPCR cascades: (1) Gq-mediated pathways that increase excitability and enhance neural firing (Alex ...
... The most successful—and now most extensively used— of these advances were the human muscarinic (hM) receptor-based DREADDs. These hM variants have been fashioned to signal through one of four canonical GPCR cascades: (1) Gq-mediated pathways that increase excitability and enhance neural firing (Alex ...
Whisker movements evoked by stimulation of single pyramidal cells
... Neuronal activity in the motor cortex is understood to be correlated with movements, but the impact of action potentials (APs) in single cortical neurons on the generation of movement has not been fully determined. Here we show that trains of APs in single pyramidal cells of rat motor cortex can evo ...
... Neuronal activity in the motor cortex is understood to be correlated with movements, but the impact of action potentials (APs) in single cortical neurons on the generation of movement has not been fully determined. Here we show that trains of APs in single pyramidal cells of rat motor cortex can evo ...
Topographically Specific Hippocampal Projections Target Functionally Distinct Prefrontal Areas in the
... Laboratory Animals (NIH publication 80-22, 1987). The animals were anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride (10 mg/kg, intramuscularly) followed by sodium pentnbarbital administered intravenously through a femoral cathctcr until a surgical level of anesthesia was achieved. Additional anesthetic was ...
... Laboratory Animals (NIH publication 80-22, 1987). The animals were anesthetized with ketamine hydrochloride (10 mg/kg, intramuscularly) followed by sodium pentnbarbital administered intravenously through a femoral cathctcr until a surgical level of anesthesia was achieved. Additional anesthetic was ...
Article 5 - Graduate Program in Neuroscience | UBC
... choice trials in the spatial delay task before or after recording from each neuron. In these trials two different instructions for two rewards appeared simultaneously at randomly alternating left and right target positions, allowing the animal to touch the lever of its choice following the trigger s ...
... choice trials in the spatial delay task before or after recording from each neuron. In these trials two different instructions for two rewards appeared simultaneously at randomly alternating left and right target positions, allowing the animal to touch the lever of its choice following the trigger s ...
Operant conditioning and motor cortex - D
... behavioral demands. Such claims are rooted in evidence from neurophysiology experiments that entail direct reinforcement of variation in the firing rates of single cortical neurons – that is, single unit operant conditioning experiments. However, such investigations have largely been limited to the ...
... behavioral demands. Such claims are rooted in evidence from neurophysiology experiments that entail direct reinforcement of variation in the firing rates of single cortical neurons – that is, single unit operant conditioning experiments. However, such investigations have largely been limited to the ...
Topographical organization of the pedunculopontine nucleus
... electrophysiological properties recorded in in vitro experiments is more limited. Three types of neurons have been described on the basis of their membrane properties (A-current type, low-threshold spikes type and mixed A-current plus LTS type; Leonard and Llinas, 1994; Takakusaki et al., 1997; Sai ...
... electrophysiological properties recorded in in vitro experiments is more limited. Three types of neurons have been described on the basis of their membrane properties (A-current type, low-threshold spikes type and mixed A-current plus LTS type; Leonard and Llinas, 1994; Takakusaki et al., 1997; Sai ...
Axonal Localization of Integrins in the CNS Is Neuronal Type and
... Sprague-Dawley rats (250 – 400 g) were used for all cortical injections (adult and neonate), red nucleus injections, and intravitreal injections whereas adult male Lewis rats (250 – 400 g) were used for all DRG injections (Charles River Laboratories) (Table 2). Food and water were provided ad libitu ...
... Sprague-Dawley rats (250 – 400 g) were used for all cortical injections (adult and neonate), red nucleus injections, and intravitreal injections whereas adult male Lewis rats (250 – 400 g) were used for all DRG injections (Charles River Laboratories) (Table 2). Food and water were provided ad libitu ...
Vestibular System: The Many Facets of a
... well suited for linking systems and cellular levels of analyses. A unique feature of the vestibular system is that many second-order sensory neurons in the brain stem are also premotor neurons; the same neurons that receive afferent inputs send direct projections to motoneurons. An advantage of this ...
... well suited for linking systems and cellular levels of analyses. A unique feature of the vestibular system is that many second-order sensory neurons in the brain stem are also premotor neurons; the same neurons that receive afferent inputs send direct projections to motoneurons. An advantage of this ...
Dopamine neurons projecting to the posterior striatum form an
... different, but overlapping, areas of the midbrain (Figure 3; Figure 3-figure supplement 1; Figure 3-figure supplement 2; Figure 3-figure supplement 3) (Bjorklund and Dunnett, 2007; Haber, 2014; Lammel et al., 2008; Swanson, 1982). Interestingly, we observed an overlapping but dorsolaterally shifted ...
... different, but overlapping, areas of the midbrain (Figure 3; Figure 3-figure supplement 1; Figure 3-figure supplement 2; Figure 3-figure supplement 3) (Bjorklund and Dunnett, 2007; Haber, 2014; Lammel et al., 2008; Swanson, 1982). Interestingly, we observed an overlapping but dorsolaterally shifted ...
Problemset Title Chapter 1 Quiz Introductory Text Question 1 Type
... Feedback for all Behavioral And Cognitive Approaches To Learning - page 10 incorrect answers: ...
... Feedback for all Behavioral And Cognitive Approaches To Learning - page 10 incorrect answers: ...
Distinct Representations and Theta Dynamics in Dorsal and Ventral
... Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia 20147 ...
... Institute, Janelia Farm Research Campus, Ashburn, Virginia 20147 ...
Mechanisms of Maximum Information Preservation in the Drosophila
... Recent investigations have shown that PNs are broadly tuned to odors, whereas ORNs are narrowly tuned [3,30]. In ORNs, most odor responses cluster in the weak end of their dynamic range. In PNs, however, odor responses are distributed more uniformly throughout their dynamic range. This is a result o ...
... Recent investigations have shown that PNs are broadly tuned to odors, whereas ORNs are narrowly tuned [3,30]. In ORNs, most odor responses cluster in the weak end of their dynamic range. In PNs, however, odor responses are distributed more uniformly throughout their dynamic range. This is a result o ...
PDF+Links
... brain. However, there is in fact no substantial evidence that neuronal loss appears on a large scale as a universal effect throughout the whole brain. It is estimated that, in the cortex, very few neurons become lost with age (Cragg 1975; Pakkenberg & Gundensen, 1997; Peters et al., 1998), and that ...
... brain. However, there is in fact no substantial evidence that neuronal loss appears on a large scale as a universal effect throughout the whole brain. It is estimated that, in the cortex, very few neurons become lost with age (Cragg 1975; Pakkenberg & Gundensen, 1997; Peters et al., 1998), and that ...
Neural Control of the Pancreas
... functions under control conditions. In fact, microinjections of ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonist kynurenic acid into the DMV do not affect pancreatic exocrine secretion in control rats (9). However, glutamatergic synapses impinging on pancreas-projecting DMV neurons are subject to modulation ...
... functions under control conditions. In fact, microinjections of ionotropic glutamate receptor antagonist kynurenic acid into the DMV do not affect pancreatic exocrine secretion in control rats (9). However, glutamatergic synapses impinging on pancreas-projecting DMV neurons are subject to modulation ...
Neurofilament and Calcium-Binding Proteins in the
... used this marker to delineate chemoarchitectural subdivisions of the human orbitofrontal cortex (Hof et al., 1995a). Additionally, this marker has been shown to be a reliable chemoarchitectonic indicator of the cingulate motor areas in the macaque monkey (Nimchinsky et al., 1996). Another set of use ...
... used this marker to delineate chemoarchitectural subdivisions of the human orbitofrontal cortex (Hof et al., 1995a). Additionally, this marker has been shown to be a reliable chemoarchitectonic indicator of the cingulate motor areas in the macaque monkey (Nimchinsky et al., 1996). Another set of use ...