Glutamate Inhibits GABA Excitatory Activity in
... mature brain, GABA, assumes an excitatory role. Because of an elevated C l 2 reversal potential found in immature hypothalamic neurons, activation of the GABAA receptor leads to an inward current caused by C l 2 efflux, membrane depolarization, Ca 21 influx associated with the activation of voltage- ...
... mature brain, GABA, assumes an excitatory role. Because of an elevated C l 2 reversal potential found in immature hypothalamic neurons, activation of the GABAA receptor leads to an inward current caused by C l 2 efflux, membrane depolarization, Ca 21 influx associated with the activation of voltage- ...
Neuropathological Characteristics of Brachial Plexus Avulsion Injury
... Neonatal brachial plexus avulsion injury (BPAI) commonly occurs as a consequence of birth trauma and can result in lifetime morbidity; however, little is known regarding the evolving neuropathological processes it induces. In particular, mechanical forces during BPAI can concomittantly damage the sp ...
... Neonatal brachial plexus avulsion injury (BPAI) commonly occurs as a consequence of birth trauma and can result in lifetime morbidity; however, little is known regarding the evolving neuropathological processes it induces. In particular, mechanical forces during BPAI can concomittantly damage the sp ...
High acetylcholine sets circuit dynamics for attention and
... termed sharp waves (Buzsaki, 1986; Chrobak and Buzsaki, 1994). Acetylcholine levels decrease even more dramatically during slow wave sleep, to levels less than one third of those observed during active waking (Jasper et al., 1971; Kametani and Kawamura, 1990; Marrosu et al., 1995). Slow wave sleep i ...
... termed sharp waves (Buzsaki, 1986; Chrobak and Buzsaki, 1994). Acetylcholine levels decrease even more dramatically during slow wave sleep, to levels less than one third of those observed during active waking (Jasper et al., 1971; Kametani and Kawamura, 1990; Marrosu et al., 1995). Slow wave sleep i ...
Fluctuations in Perceptual Decisions Panagiota Theodoni
... sensory stimulation from the conscious visual perception, and therefore providing a gateway to consciousness. How does the brain work when it deals with such ambiguous sensory stimuli? We addressed this question theoretically by employing a biophysically realistic attractor network, by consistently ...
... sensory stimulation from the conscious visual perception, and therefore providing a gateway to consciousness. How does the brain work when it deals with such ambiguous sensory stimuli? We addressed this question theoretically by employing a biophysically realistic attractor network, by consistently ...
View PDF - Laboratory of Brain, Hearing and Behavior
... animal associates the stimulus with rewarding or aversive consequences as a result of learning or innate predisposition. The influence of behavioral relevance in modulating SC/OT responses has been demonstrated by the finding that stimulus feature tuning can develop in SC neurons when the stimulus i ...
... animal associates the stimulus with rewarding or aversive consequences as a result of learning or innate predisposition. The influence of behavioral relevance in modulating SC/OT responses has been demonstrated by the finding that stimulus feature tuning can develop in SC neurons when the stimulus i ...
Dynamics and Synchronization of Motifs of Neuronal Populations in the Presence
... sorts of stimulus: touch, vibration, body position, temperature or pain. The receptive fields in such system comprise a limited region of the skin or the internal organs where a stimulus can elicit a neuronal response. The size of the receptive fields vary both as a function of the stimulus, and the ...
... sorts of stimulus: touch, vibration, body position, temperature or pain. The receptive fields in such system comprise a limited region of the skin or the internal organs where a stimulus can elicit a neuronal response. The size of the receptive fields vary both as a function of the stimulus, and the ...
Post-pubertal Emergence of Prefrontal Cortical Up
... example, in rats > 40 days old. Because puberty in rats occurs between postnatal day (PD) 40 and PD 45 and cortical circuits may mature at that age (Spear, 2000; Zhu, 2000), it is important to determine DA--glutamate interactions in adult animals. This becomes essential when studying persistent acti ...
... example, in rats > 40 days old. Because puberty in rats occurs between postnatal day (PD) 40 and PD 45 and cortical circuits may mature at that age (Spear, 2000; Zhu, 2000), it is important to determine DA--glutamate interactions in adult animals. This becomes essential when studying persistent acti ...
CHAPTER 2
... this mnemonic is that one can mistakenly introduce "fright" into the equation. Fright causes discharge of the entire ANS, hence defecation and urination. The anatomical differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems may now be ...
... this mnemonic is that one can mistakenly introduce "fright" into the equation. Fright causes discharge of the entire ANS, hence defecation and urination. The anatomical differences between the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems may now be ...
Muscle networks: Connectivity analysis of EMG activity during postural control
... shows intermuscular coherence between all muscle combinations, revealing a distinct functional organization of intermuscular coherence. Coherence is observed over a broad range of frequencies and the frequency profile depends on the muscle combination and the standing condition. The coherence shows ...
... shows intermuscular coherence between all muscle combinations, revealing a distinct functional organization of intermuscular coherence. Coherence is observed over a broad range of frequencies and the frequency profile depends on the muscle combination and the standing condition. The coherence shows ...
Glial cells modulate the synaptic transmission of NTS neurons
... these data show that putative astrocytes are the source of endogenous ATP, which via activation of presynaptic P2X receptors, facilitates the evoked glutamate release and increases the synaptic transmission efficacy in the NTS-VLM neurons probably involved with the peripheral chemoreflex pathways. ...
... these data show that putative astrocytes are the source of endogenous ATP, which via activation of presynaptic P2X receptors, facilitates the evoked glutamate release and increases the synaptic transmission efficacy in the NTS-VLM neurons probably involved with the peripheral chemoreflex pathways. ...
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... may be computationally desirable to maximize information content of spike trains for neural coding of sensory information (36), generating stochastic choice behavior in decision making (226, 487, 1034) and other brain functions. At first sight, the strongly stochastic nature of neuronal spike discha ...
... may be computationally desirable to maximize information content of spike trains for neural coding of sensory information (36), generating stochastic choice behavior in decision making (226, 487, 1034) and other brain functions. At first sight, the strongly stochastic nature of neuronal spike discha ...
The dorsal raphe nucleus—From silver stainings to a role in
... The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is a bilateral, heterogenous brainstem nucleus, located mainly in the ventral part of the periaqueductal gray matter of the midbrain. A majority of the nucleus' neurons utilize its major neurotransmitter, serotonin, but several other transmitters are also present. It c ...
... The dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) is a bilateral, heterogenous brainstem nucleus, located mainly in the ventral part of the periaqueductal gray matter of the midbrain. A majority of the nucleus' neurons utilize its major neurotransmitter, serotonin, but several other transmitters are also present. It c ...
Controlling gene expression with the Q repressible binary
... Application of Q system in various tissues We expressed QF in body-wall muscles of QUAS
... Application of Q system in various tissues We expressed QF in body-wall muscles of QUAS
Microevolution of neuroendocrine mechanisms
... mechanisms, and the number and other traits of receptor cells. Selection lines created from a natural population of whitefooted mice (Peromyscus leucopus) that contains substantial genetic variation in reproductive inhibition in response to short winter daylength (SD) have been used to examine neuro ...
... mechanisms, and the number and other traits of receptor cells. Selection lines created from a natural population of whitefooted mice (Peromyscus leucopus) that contains substantial genetic variation in reproductive inhibition in response to short winter daylength (SD) have been used to examine neuro ...
An EM Study of the Dorsal Nucleus of the Lateral Lemniscus
... and distribution of rough endoplasmic reticulum were identified and may represent different cell types. Examples of both cell types were observed to project to the contralateral side and received labeled synaptic endings. The major finding of this study is that the crossed connections between DNLL e ...
... and distribution of rough endoplasmic reticulum were identified and may represent different cell types. Examples of both cell types were observed to project to the contralateral side and received labeled synaptic endings. The major finding of this study is that the crossed connections between DNLL e ...
concurrent, distributed control of saccade initiation in the frontal eye
... equivalent of the saccade neurons with buildup activity observed in the SC. FEF is also populated by fixation neurons that seem to parallel their counterparts in the SC84 . Hanes and Wurtz 69 showed that it was not possible to elicit saccades with microstimulation of the FEF, following reversible d ...
... equivalent of the saccade neurons with buildup activity observed in the SC. FEF is also populated by fixation neurons that seem to parallel their counterparts in the SC84 . Hanes and Wurtz 69 showed that it was not possible to elicit saccades with microstimulation of the FEF, following reversible d ...
Neural Mapping of Direction and Frequency in
... and the directional sensitivities of these M afferents correspond to identified L afferents with the same locations and directional sensitivities described in previous work (Jacobs and Theunissen, 1996), with one exception. The exception is that one additional identified M afferent (Fig. 1, #13) was ...
... and the directional sensitivities of these M afferents correspond to identified L afferents with the same locations and directional sensitivities described in previous work (Jacobs and Theunissen, 1996), with one exception. The exception is that one additional identified M afferent (Fig. 1, #13) was ...
Copy Right- Hongqi ZHANG-Department of Anatomy
... FIGURE 3.1.4 Most of the structures labeled on these slides are ones you have identified in earier views of this module. Try to reconcile the appearance of the structure here with that in views of the brain's surface. All the sections, except the 3 spinal cord ones, are clickable. Clicking on one le ...
... FIGURE 3.1.4 Most of the structures labeled on these slides are ones you have identified in earier views of this module. Try to reconcile the appearance of the structure here with that in views of the brain's surface. All the sections, except the 3 spinal cord ones, are clickable. Clicking on one le ...
Stochastic neural network dynamics: synchronisation and control
... The soma is the neuron’s cell body containing the nucleus, many organelles and most of the protein synthesising material of the neuron. The soma predominantly processes and integrates synaptic inputs (Section 2.4), determining whether the neuron becomes active and transmits electrical signals to oth ...
... The soma is the neuron’s cell body containing the nucleus, many organelles and most of the protein synthesising material of the neuron. The soma predominantly processes and integrates synaptic inputs (Section 2.4), determining whether the neuron becomes active and transmits electrical signals to oth ...
Topographic Organization of Corticospinal Projections from the
... separate representations of the arm and leg. In addition, our findings provide evidence that the PMd contains a substantial distal representation of the forelimb, as well as a proximal representation. We confirmed our prior observation that the PMv has a corticospinal projection that is largely focu ...
... separate representations of the arm and leg. In addition, our findings provide evidence that the PMd contains a substantial distal representation of the forelimb, as well as a proximal representation. We confirmed our prior observation that the PMv has a corticospinal projection that is largely focu ...