Physiology of intracellular potassium channels: A unifying role as
... the mitochondrial counterparts of well-known plasma membrane (PM) channels and many of them display even multiple subcellular localizations. For example, SKCa has been found to be located in PM, mitochondria and ER as well, where it is essential for Ca2+ uptake by ER in neurons and cardiomyocytes [2 ...
... the mitochondrial counterparts of well-known plasma membrane (PM) channels and many of them display even multiple subcellular localizations. For example, SKCa has been found to be located in PM, mitochondria and ER as well, where it is essential for Ca2+ uptake by ER in neurons and cardiomyocytes [2 ...
The Role of Nucleoside Diphosphate Kinase in Plant Mitochondria
... Inner, outer membranes and cristae defined by EM (Palade, 1952) ...
... Inner, outer membranes and cristae defined by EM (Palade, 1952) ...
Parts Of the Ear
... Middle-Ear Cleft comprises of the eustachian tube and middle ear. The middle-ear cleft is lined with mucous membrane. The mucous membrane is ciliated and topmost cells ...
... Middle-Ear Cleft comprises of the eustachian tube and middle ear. The middle-ear cleft is lined with mucous membrane. The mucous membrane is ciliated and topmost cells ...
Generation of ATP during Cytochrome-linked
... hydratase (fumarase), glycerol I -phosphate was omitted from the reaction mixture. After 20 min, the reaction was stopped with 0.8 ml 18 N-H,SO,. After centrifuging succinate and fumarate were measured in the supernatant fluid with the gas chromatograph as described by Holdeman & Moore (1972). Fumar ...
... hydratase (fumarase), glycerol I -phosphate was omitted from the reaction mixture. After 20 min, the reaction was stopped with 0.8 ml 18 N-H,SO,. After centrifuging succinate and fumarate were measured in the supernatant fluid with the gas chromatograph as described by Holdeman & Moore (1972). Fumar ...
Chapter 9
... • Electron transfer in the electron transport chain causes proteins to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space • H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through channels in ATP synthase • ATP synthase uses the exergonic flow of H+ to drive phosphorylation of ATP • Th ...
... • Electron transfer in the electron transport chain causes proteins to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space • H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through channels in ATP synthase • ATP synthase uses the exergonic flow of H+ to drive phosphorylation of ATP • Th ...
Adaptations of anaerobic archaea to life under extreme energy
... well known for their anaerobic photosynthesis. Interestingly, one prominent family of the Archaea, the Halobacteriaceae, is known for their light-driven proton pump, bacteriorhodopsin, which translocates protons from the inside to the outside using a light-driven retinal switch (Oesterhelt & Tittor, ...
... well known for their anaerobic photosynthesis. Interestingly, one prominent family of the Archaea, the Halobacteriaceae, is known for their light-driven proton pump, bacteriorhodopsin, which translocates protons from the inside to the outside using a light-driven retinal switch (Oesterhelt & Tittor, ...
REVIEWS
... transiently recruited to specific locations in plasma (and other) membranes, where they exert their functions (such as lipid modification or activation of small GTPases) or become effectively co-localized with partners in a signal-transduction pathway2,3. Some cellular compartments are ‘marked’ by t ...
... transiently recruited to specific locations in plasma (and other) membranes, where they exert their functions (such as lipid modification or activation of small GTPases) or become effectively co-localized with partners in a signal-transduction pathway2,3. Some cellular compartments are ‘marked’ by t ...
Oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvate
... complex. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is a bridge between glycolysis and aerobic metabolism – citric acid cycle. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and enzymes of cytric acid cycle are located in the matrix of mitochondria. ...
... complex. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex is a bridge between glycolysis and aerobic metabolism – citric acid cycle. Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and enzymes of cytric acid cycle are located in the matrix of mitochondria. ...
Force development by the contractile vacuole
... periodic rounding and slackening at regular intervals for an extended time. The contractile vacuole rounded against the cytosol-mineral oil boundary tension. The tension at the surface of the contractile vacuole is, therefore, assumed to increase during the rounding phase. We first estimated the ten ...
... periodic rounding and slackening at regular intervals for an extended time. The contractile vacuole rounded against the cytosol-mineral oil boundary tension. The tension at the surface of the contractile vacuole is, therefore, assumed to increase during the rounding phase. We first estimated the ten ...
Expip is a cargo adaptor for Sec24p ... export the plasma membrane H+ ATPase from the
... translocation into the ER. As newly synthesized proteins emerge from the ribosome, they can interact directly with the translocation machinery. There are three distinct mechanisms of translocation depending on the location of the hydrophobic signal sequence (or transmembrane spanning sequence) and t ...
... translocation into the ER. As newly synthesized proteins emerge from the ribosome, they can interact directly with the translocation machinery. There are three distinct mechanisms of translocation depending on the location of the hydrophobic signal sequence (or transmembrane spanning sequence) and t ...
GLYCOLIPID ANCHORING OF CELL SURFACE PROTEINS Mark C
... Composition analysis for ethanolamine can be performed using an amino acid analyser, and is a useful method available to most laboratories. For inositol or fatty acid analysis, GCMS is required, which necessitates greater investment both financially and in terms of time. Composition data are only va ...
... Composition analysis for ethanolamine can be performed using an amino acid analyser, and is a useful method available to most laboratories. For inositol or fatty acid analysis, GCMS is required, which necessitates greater investment both financially and in terms of time. Composition data are only va ...
Molecular Chaperones - Cellular Machines for Protein Folding
... access to the upper cavity and concomitantly induces a movement of the apical domains. The diameter of the proximal cavity increases from 45 ä to 80 ä, and its height from 73 ä to 85 ä. C) Changes in the GroEL structure upon binding of GroES. Left: the seven subunits that make up one ring of GroEL a ...
... access to the upper cavity and concomitantly induces a movement of the apical domains. The diameter of the proximal cavity increases from 45 ä to 80 ä, and its height from 73 ä to 85 ä. C) Changes in the GroEL structure upon binding of GroES. Left: the seven subunits that make up one ring of GroEL a ...
Cell-Free Synthesis for Analyzing the Membrane
... Protocols for standard translation reactions are provided in the Promega Biotech Technical Manuals Rabbit Reticulocyte Lysate System and Wheat Germ Extract. A standard protocol for connexin translation is given below. Secretory as well as transmembrane proteins in general are cotranslationally trans ...
... Protocols for standard translation reactions are provided in the Promega Biotech Technical Manuals Rabbit Reticulocyte Lysate System and Wheat Germ Extract. A standard protocol for connexin translation is given below. Secretory as well as transmembrane proteins in general are cotranslationally trans ...
Glycolysis
... ACID PRODUCTION IN ANAEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS Anaerobic glycolysis results in acid production in the form of H+ ions. Glycolysis forms pyruvic acid, which is reduced to lactic acid in the absence of oxygen. At an intracellular pH of 7.35, lactic acid dissociates to form the carboxylate anion, lactate, an ...
... ACID PRODUCTION IN ANAEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS Anaerobic glycolysis results in acid production in the form of H+ ions. Glycolysis forms pyruvic acid, which is reduced to lactic acid in the absence of oxygen. At an intracellular pH of 7.35, lactic acid dissociates to form the carboxylate anion, lactate, an ...
OMPROT PP2 ver4 - Plant Physiology
... undergo fusion, fission and rapid movements, suggesting a dynamic interaction with components of the cytoskeleton (Sheahan et al., 2004; Sheahan et al., 2005; Logan, 2010). However, many of the specific proteins that mediate such processes remain unknown. While mitochondria do play a central role in ...
... undergo fusion, fission and rapid movements, suggesting a dynamic interaction with components of the cytoskeleton (Sheahan et al., 2004; Sheahan et al., 2005; Logan, 2010). However, many of the specific proteins that mediate such processes remain unknown. While mitochondria do play a central role in ...
Chapter 10
... The overall cycle • Each round of the TCA cycle involves the entry of two carbons, the release of two CO2, and the regeneration of oxaloacetate • Oxidation occurs at five steps, four in the cycle itself and one when pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA • In each case, electrons are accepted by coenz ...
... The overall cycle • Each round of the TCA cycle involves the entry of two carbons, the release of two CO2, and the regeneration of oxaloacetate • Oxidation occurs at five steps, four in the cycle itself and one when pyruvate is converted to acetyl CoA • In each case, electrons are accepted by coenz ...
protein membranes as models of cosmetic ingredients penetration
... malaria, to keratin structures. They used as a model keratin from bovine hom. Data obtained suggests that during permeation process doxycycline may bind to epidermal keratin. That may involve a mixture of electrostatic and non-electrostatic interaction between oxygen atoms in the doxycycline and the ...
... malaria, to keratin structures. They used as a model keratin from bovine hom. Data obtained suggests that during permeation process doxycycline may bind to epidermal keratin. That may involve a mixture of electrostatic and non-electrostatic interaction between oxygen atoms in the doxycycline and the ...
2 H + 1 / 2 O 2
... to the electron transport chain • Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 • The electron transport chain generates no ATP • The chain’s function is to break the large freeenergy drop from food to O2 into smaller steps that release energy ...
... to the electron transport chain • Electrons are passed through a number of proteins including cytochromes (each with an iron atom) to O2 • The electron transport chain generates no ATP • The chain’s function is to break the large freeenergy drop from food to O2 into smaller steps that release energy ...
AP Biology Chapter 9.2016
... • Electrons from NADH and FADH2 pass along an ETC analogous to ETC chains in photophosphorylation. • These electrons pass from one protein carrier to another along the chain, losing energy along the way • Follow with pages 172-175 ...
... • Electrons from NADH and FADH2 pass along an ETC analogous to ETC chains in photophosphorylation. • These electrons pass from one protein carrier to another along the chain, losing energy along the way • Follow with pages 172-175 ...
Repeat proteins challenge the concept of structural domains
... correlate with biological activities and many modern proteins can be described as composed by novel ‘domain arrangements’ [2]. For globular proteins, this fact facilitates the description, evolution and construction of single amino acid chains that comprise a set of integrated biological functions, ...
... correlate with biological activities and many modern proteins can be described as composed by novel ‘domain arrangements’ [2]. For globular proteins, this fact facilitates the description, evolution and construction of single amino acid chains that comprise a set of integrated biological functions, ...
Middle ear cavity and its contents
... Middle ear or tympanic cavity is an irregular, laterally compressed space within the temporal bone. It is filled with air, which is conveyed to it from the nasal part of the pharynx through the auditory tube. ...
... Middle ear or tympanic cavity is an irregular, laterally compressed space within the temporal bone. It is filled with air, which is conveyed to it from the nasal part of the pharynx through the auditory tube. ...
Answer Set 3
... 2. a. The P:O ratio is equal to the product of (H+/2e-) and (P/H+). Note that the P:O ratio is identical with the P:2e- ratio. (Note also that the P/H+ ratio depends on the number of subunits in the ATP synthase collar, and this may vary among organisms.) b. 2.5 and 1.5 respectively. H+ energy grad ...
... 2. a. The P:O ratio is equal to the product of (H+/2e-) and (P/H+). Note that the P:O ratio is identical with the P:2e- ratio. (Note also that the P/H+ ratio depends on the number of subunits in the ATP synthase collar, and this may vary among organisms.) b. 2.5 and 1.5 respectively. H+ energy grad ...
Protein Cross-linkers handbook and selection guide
... pH8.0. Below pH10.0, the reaction is likely to result in undesirable side reactions. However, the amidine formed is reversible at high pH. Imidoesters are used for protein subunit studies, molecular interactions, and for immobilization of proteins to solid supports. Imidoesters have been used as a s ...
... pH8.0. Below pH10.0, the reaction is likely to result in undesirable side reactions. However, the amidine formed is reversible at high pH. Imidoesters are used for protein subunit studies, molecular interactions, and for immobilization of proteins to solid supports. Imidoesters have been used as a s ...
A Tertiary Plastid Uses Genes from Two Endosymbionts
... transformed into an organelle, a process called secondary endosymbiosis. Most or all of the genes for plastid-targeted proteins in the primary algal nucleus moved once again, this time to the new secondary host nucleus and, except in cryptophytes and chlorarachniophytes, the nucleus of the primary h ...
... transformed into an organelle, a process called secondary endosymbiosis. Most or all of the genes for plastid-targeted proteins in the primary algal nucleus moved once again, this time to the new secondary host nucleus and, except in cryptophytes and chlorarachniophytes, the nucleus of the primary h ...
Thylakoid
A thylakoid is a membrane-bound compartment inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. They are the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis. Thylakoids consist of a thylakoid membrane surrounding a thylakoid lumen. Chloroplast thylakoids frequently form stacks of disks referred to as grana (singular: granum). Grana are connected by intergranal or stroma thylakoids, which join granum stacks together as a single functional compartment.