Sample Prelab Assignment - Neurobiology Laboratory
... There are two types of synapses in the brain, electrical and chemical synapses. In this lab, we will study chemical synapses by examining excitatory post synaptic potentials which are caused by the opening of ion channels. The transmission of information at a chemical synapse involves the convers ...
... There are two types of synapses in the brain, electrical and chemical synapses. In this lab, we will study chemical synapses by examining excitatory post synaptic potentials which are caused by the opening of ion channels. The transmission of information at a chemical synapse involves the convers ...
nervous system
... • Narrow gap, synaptic cleft, between cells • More common than electrical in vertebrates and most invertebrates • Require neurotransmitters (chemical intercellular messengers) ...
... • Narrow gap, synaptic cleft, between cells • More common than electrical in vertebrates and most invertebrates • Require neurotransmitters (chemical intercellular messengers) ...
Nerves Day 2
... • 1. Summarize how a nerve fibers become polarized. • 2. List the major events that occur during an action potential. • Explain how impulse conduction differs in myelinated vs. unmyelinated fibers. • Define the all-or-none response. ...
... • 1. Summarize how a nerve fibers become polarized. • 2. List the major events that occur during an action potential. • Explain how impulse conduction differs in myelinated vs. unmyelinated fibers. • Define the all-or-none response. ...
SYNAPTIC TRANSMISSION
... re-absorbed by the synaptic terminals from which it was released OR it will be chemically broken down by enzymes in the synaptic cleft thus making it inactive. 4. If successfully transmitted, the nerve impulse is then carried along the post-synaptic neuron until it reaches the next synaptic terminal ...
... re-absorbed by the synaptic terminals from which it was released OR it will be chemically broken down by enzymes in the synaptic cleft thus making it inactive. 4. If successfully transmitted, the nerve impulse is then carried along the post-synaptic neuron until it reaches the next synaptic terminal ...
Chapter 6 - Sensory - Austin Community College
... The ANS operates without conscious control, it is primarily regulated by the hypothalamus and the medulla oblongata with input from the limbic system and other regions of the cerebrum. The afferent component of the ANS consists of general visceral sensory neurons. Interoreceptors such as chemorecept ...
... The ANS operates without conscious control, it is primarily regulated by the hypothalamus and the medulla oblongata with input from the limbic system and other regions of the cerebrum. The afferent component of the ANS consists of general visceral sensory neurons. Interoreceptors such as chemorecept ...
Resting Membrane Potential
... How do action potentials start? • A neuron is electrically stimulated in some way • From a sensory experience (sensory neurons) • Accumulated electrical potentials in the dendrites • From an outside electrical signal • The result of any of these electrical stimulations is the opening of Na+ ion cha ...
... How do action potentials start? • A neuron is electrically stimulated in some way • From a sensory experience (sensory neurons) • Accumulated electrical potentials in the dendrites • From an outside electrical signal • The result of any of these electrical stimulations is the opening of Na+ ion cha ...
MS Word Version
... Page 8. Acetyl Choline and its Receptors • There are multiple receptors for each neurotransmitter. • Each such receptor activates a different ion channel, causing a different effect in the postsynaptic cell. • There are two groups of receptors, called cholinergic receptors, which bind acetylcholine. ...
... Page 8. Acetyl Choline and its Receptors • There are multiple receptors for each neurotransmitter. • Each such receptor activates a different ion channel, causing a different effect in the postsynaptic cell. • There are two groups of receptors, called cholinergic receptors, which bind acetylcholine. ...
Lecture 1 Brain Structure
... An action potential causes neurotransmitter release from the presynaptic membrane. Neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft. They bind to receptors within the postsynaptic membrane, altering the membrane potential. ...
... An action potential causes neurotransmitter release from the presynaptic membrane. Neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft. They bind to receptors within the postsynaptic membrane, altering the membrane potential. ...
Neuroglia - wsscience
... Chemical gradients- Drive sodium ions into the cell. Electrical gradients- Potassium ions leave the cytoplasm more rapidly than sodium ions enter. Current- A movement of charges to eliminate a potential difference. Resistance- A measure of how much the membrane restricts ion movement. Elec ...
... Chemical gradients- Drive sodium ions into the cell. Electrical gradients- Potassium ions leave the cytoplasm more rapidly than sodium ions enter. Current- A movement of charges to eliminate a potential difference. Resistance- A measure of how much the membrane restricts ion movement. Elec ...
CHAPTER 10
... For a very short time following passage of a nerve impulse, a threshold stimulus will not trigger another impulse on an axon. This brief period is known as the _______________________________ period. See table 10.3 for the steps involved in impulse conduction (page 373). ...
... For a very short time following passage of a nerve impulse, a threshold stimulus will not trigger another impulse on an axon. This brief period is known as the _______________________________ period. See table 10.3 for the steps involved in impulse conduction (page 373). ...
Chapter 2: Biopsychology
... The axon only has these Sodium gates at breaks in the myelin sheath called the Nodes of Ranvier. The sodium gates are voltage dependent that is they open up when the voltage across the membrane drops ...
... The axon only has these Sodium gates at breaks in the myelin sheath called the Nodes of Ranvier. The sodium gates are voltage dependent that is they open up when the voltage across the membrane drops ...
Drugs Change the way Neurons communicate
... cell membrane and is carried into the axon terminals where it enters the vesicles that contain dopamine. This triggers the vesicles to be released, even without an action potential. Combined, this causes a surge of dopamine to be present in the synaptic cleft, leading to overactivation of neurons ...
... cell membrane and is carried into the axon terminals where it enters the vesicles that contain dopamine. This triggers the vesicles to be released, even without an action potential. Combined, this causes a surge of dopamine to be present in the synaptic cleft, leading to overactivation of neurons ...
P416 COMPARATIVE ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY
... – contains synaptic vesicles filled with neurotransmitter ...
... – contains synaptic vesicles filled with neurotransmitter ...
Nervous System
... • Action potential triggers an influx of calcium • Synaptic vesicles fuse with presynaptic membrane • Neurotransmitter released into synaptic cleft • Neurotransmitters bind to receptors and open ion channels on postsynaptic membrane which sets off new action potential • Neurotransmitters are degrade ...
... • Action potential triggers an influx of calcium • Synaptic vesicles fuse with presynaptic membrane • Neurotransmitter released into synaptic cleft • Neurotransmitters bind to receptors and open ion channels on postsynaptic membrane which sets off new action potential • Neurotransmitters are degrade ...
Course Introduction: The Brain, chemistry, neural signaling
... There is an electrical charge across the membrane. This is the membrane potential. The resting potential (when the cell is not firing) is a 70mV difference between the inside and the outside. ...
... There is an electrical charge across the membrane. This is the membrane potential. The resting potential (when the cell is not firing) is a 70mV difference between the inside and the outside. ...
SI October 7, 2008
... What is the “work” that can be accomplished by the electrochemical gradients built into the neuron at rest and why is this essential for the nervous system? 1) Secondary Active Transport: A sodium concentration gradient pointing into the cell ([Na+] OUT > [Na+] IN) can be utilized to transport subst ...
... What is the “work” that can be accomplished by the electrochemical gradients built into the neuron at rest and why is this essential for the nervous system? 1) Secondary Active Transport: A sodium concentration gradient pointing into the cell ([Na+] OUT > [Na+] IN) can be utilized to transport subst ...
VII. The Nervous System
... 3. Chemical Synapse- a chemical called a neurotransmitter is released from the presynaptic cell and binds to receptors on a postsynaptic cells causing it to fire. a) An action potential arriving at the synaptic terminal at the end of an axon causes Ca+2 to rush through voltage sensitive channels b) ...
... 3. Chemical Synapse- a chemical called a neurotransmitter is released from the presynaptic cell and binds to receptors on a postsynaptic cells causing it to fire. a) An action potential arriving at the synaptic terminal at the end of an axon causes Ca+2 to rush through voltage sensitive channels b) ...
The neuron Label the following terms: Soma Axon terminal Axon
... 4. Sensory Neuron 5. Motor Neuron 6. Interneuron 7. Body (Soma) 8. Dendrite 9. Axon 10. Action Potential 11. Myelin Sheath (Myelin) 12. Afferent Neuron 13. Threshold 14. Neurotransmitter 15. Efferent ...
... 4. Sensory Neuron 5. Motor Neuron 6. Interneuron 7. Body (Soma) 8. Dendrite 9. Axon 10. Action Potential 11. Myelin Sheath (Myelin) 12. Afferent Neuron 13. Threshold 14. Neurotransmitter 15. Efferent ...
12 Steps to Muscle Contraction
... muscle cell. The neuromuscular junction is the point where the axons of the nerve meet with the muscle cell. 2. Ach is released from the axon to receptors located on the sarcolemma 3. The binding Ach causes depolarization of the sarcolemma by opening ion channels and allowing Na+ ions into the muscl ...
... muscle cell. The neuromuscular junction is the point where the axons of the nerve meet with the muscle cell. 2. Ach is released from the axon to receptors located on the sarcolemma 3. The binding Ach causes depolarization of the sarcolemma by opening ion channels and allowing Na+ ions into the muscl ...
Skeletal Muscle Activity
... Sliding Filament Theory 1. Influx of calcium triggers the exposure of binding sites on actin. 2. Myosin binds to actin. 3. The power stroke of the cross bridge causes the sliding of thin filaments. 4. Binding of ATP causes cross bridge to disconnect from actin. 5. Hydrolysis of ATP leads to re-energ ...
... Sliding Filament Theory 1. Influx of calcium triggers the exposure of binding sites on actin. 2. Myosin binds to actin. 3. The power stroke of the cross bridge causes the sliding of thin filaments. 4. Binding of ATP causes cross bridge to disconnect from actin. 5. Hydrolysis of ATP leads to re-energ ...
Module 4 Neural and Hormonal Systems
... recharged. Each neuron is a miniature decision-making device performing complex calculations as it receives signals from hundreds, even thousands of other neurons. Excitatory signals push the message forward; inhibitory signals stop it cold. All-or-none. Neurons either fire, or they don't. ...
... recharged. Each neuron is a miniature decision-making device performing complex calculations as it receives signals from hundreds, even thousands of other neurons. Excitatory signals push the message forward; inhibitory signals stop it cold. All-or-none. Neurons either fire, or they don't. ...
9.2 Electrochemical Impulses
... 2. Na+ moves into cell following a concentration gradient (diffusion) and also an electrical potential gradient. The positive charge moving into the neuron reduces the potential difference of the membrane . This is depolarization. ...
... 2. Na+ moves into cell following a concentration gradient (diffusion) and also an electrical potential gradient. The positive charge moving into the neuron reduces the potential difference of the membrane . This is depolarization. ...
End-plate potential
End plate potentials (EPPs) are the depolarizations of skeletal muscle fibers caused by neurotransmitters binding to the postsynaptic membrane in the neuromuscular junction. They are called ""end plates"" because the postsynaptic terminals of muscle fibers have a large, saucer-like appearance. When an action potential reaches the axon terminal of a motor neuron, vesicles carrying neurotransmitters (mostly acetylcholine) are exocytosed and the contents are released into the neuromuscular junction. These neurotransmitters bind to receptors on the postsynaptic membrane and lead to its depolarization. In the absence of an action potential, acetylcholine vesicles spontaneously leak into the neuromuscular junction and cause very small depolarizations in the postsynaptic membrane. This small response (~0.5mV) is called a miniature end plate potential (MEPP) and is generated by one acetylcholine-containing vesicle. It represents the smallest possible depolarization which can be induced in a muscle.