Discharge Patterns of Neurons in the Ventral Nucleus of the Lateral
... second step was to drill a small hole (2– 4 mm) in the skull above the VNLL to permit passage of the electrode. A topical antibiotic then was applied to the exposed dura, and the hole capped with elastopolymer (Smith and Nephew Rolyan, Germantown, WI). The rabbit was allowed several days to recover ...
... second step was to drill a small hole (2– 4 mm) in the skull above the VNLL to permit passage of the electrode. A topical antibiotic then was applied to the exposed dura, and the hole capped with elastopolymer (Smith and Nephew Rolyan, Germantown, WI). The rabbit was allowed several days to recover ...
nervous tissue, 030717
... Much of the text material is from, “Principles of Anatomy and Physiology” by Gerald J. Tortora and Bryan Derrickson (2009, 2011, and 2014). I don’t claim authorship. Other sources are noted when they are used. The lecture slides are mapped to the three editions of the textbook based on the color-cod ...
... Much of the text material is from, “Principles of Anatomy and Physiology” by Gerald J. Tortora and Bryan Derrickson (2009, 2011, and 2014). I don’t claim authorship. Other sources are noted when they are used. The lecture slides are mapped to the three editions of the textbook based on the color-cod ...
Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Reduces Amyloidogenic
... amyloidogenic- peptides (A). Overexpression of SORLA in neurons reduces while inactivation of gene expression (as in knock-out mouse models) accelerates amyloidogenic processing and senile plaque formation. The current study aimed at identifying molecular pathways that control SORLA gene transcrip ...
... amyloidogenic- peptides (A). Overexpression of SORLA in neurons reduces while inactivation of gene expression (as in knock-out mouse models) accelerates amyloidogenic processing and senile plaque formation. The current study aimed at identifying molecular pathways that control SORLA gene transcrip ...
Contributions of the Basal Amygdala Nuclei to Conditioned Fear
... tone [conditioned stimulus (CS); 4 kHz, 80 dB] habituation session that was followed by a fear conditioning session in which the rats received five presentations of the CS, each coterminating with a footshock unconditioned stimulus (US) (0.5 mA, 1 s). On day 2, rats underwent an extinction training ...
... tone [conditioned stimulus (CS); 4 kHz, 80 dB] habituation session that was followed by a fear conditioning session in which the rats received five presentations of the CS, each coterminating with a footshock unconditioned stimulus (US) (0.5 mA, 1 s). On day 2, rats underwent an extinction training ...
Behavioural Brain Research Learning processing in the basal ganglia
... after the second half of the last century. Studies involving patients who became amnesic after lesion to the medial temporal lobe (such as patient H.M.) have shown that these patients conserved some learning and memory abilities later named nondeclarative or procedural memories [190,196]. These clin ...
... after the second half of the last century. Studies involving patients who became amnesic after lesion to the medial temporal lobe (such as patient H.M.) have shown that these patients conserved some learning and memory abilities later named nondeclarative or procedural memories [190,196]. These clin ...
Chapter 9b final
... Appears that the brain rests during sleep SWS may destroy free radicals Fatal familial insomnia (related to mad cow disease) Deficits in attention and memory Dreamlike, confused state, loss of control of ANS, ...
... Appears that the brain rests during sleep SWS may destroy free radicals Fatal familial insomnia (related to mad cow disease) Deficits in attention and memory Dreamlike, confused state, loss of control of ANS, ...
New Features of Connectivity in Piriform Cortex Visualized by
... hooks or growth cone-like swellings with a terminal spike), and an abrupt rather than gradual decrease in staining intensity that was typically observed after a survival period of 2–7 d. Axons were reconstructed through serial sections with a camera lucida or Neurolucida system (MicroBrightfield) us ...
... hooks or growth cone-like swellings with a terminal spike), and an abrupt rather than gradual decrease in staining intensity that was typically observed after a survival period of 2–7 d. Axons were reconstructed through serial sections with a camera lucida or Neurolucida system (MicroBrightfield) us ...
Feedforward, horizontal, and feedback processing
... are defined as coming from deep or superficial layers, and terminating outside layer 4 [7]. It has been suggested that only feedforward inputs to layer 4 are able to drive neurons, whereas inputs to other layers modulate this driven activity. This would prevent the feedforward–feedback loops from ca ...
... are defined as coming from deep or superficial layers, and terminating outside layer 4 [7]. It has been suggested that only feedforward inputs to layer 4 are able to drive neurons, whereas inputs to other layers modulate this driven activity. This would prevent the feedforward–feedback loops from ca ...
Substance P and Cholecystokinin-like lmmunoreactive Varicosities
... treated neonatally with capsaicin (n = 5), and a control group treated with the vehicle for the capsaicin treatment (n = 4). Unilateral dorsal rhizotomy. Six animals were anesthetized using 0.35 gm/kg (i.p.) chloral hydrate (Baker) and 0.25 mg/kg (i.p.) diazepam (Roche). Bilateral laminectomies were ...
... treated neonatally with capsaicin (n = 5), and a control group treated with the vehicle for the capsaicin treatment (n = 4). Unilateral dorsal rhizotomy. Six animals were anesthetized using 0.35 gm/kg (i.p.) chloral hydrate (Baker) and 0.25 mg/kg (i.p.) diazepam (Roche). Bilateral laminectomies were ...
SPPA 205
... • Spinal cord is organized length-wise as a series of segments that are quite similar in structure • Each segment is associated with a pair of spinal nerves • There is a tendency for a segment to be associated with function at a level of the body SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology ...
... • Spinal cord is organized length-wise as a series of segments that are quite similar in structure • Each segment is associated with a pair of spinal nerves • There is a tendency for a segment to be associated with function at a level of the body SPPA 2050 Speech Anatomy & Physiology ...
plexus injury after spinal cord implantation of avulsed ventral roots
... after surgery the monkeys did not use the lesioned arm in activities such as climbing or eating (fig 2A, 3A, B). The arm hung along the thorax wall (fig 2A, 3A, B). The first signs of clinical restitution were apparent more than three months after surgery. The monkey used the lesioned arm to hold ob ...
... after surgery the monkeys did not use the lesioned arm in activities such as climbing or eating (fig 2A, 3A, B). The arm hung along the thorax wall (fig 2A, 3A, B). The first signs of clinical restitution were apparent more than three months after surgery. The monkey used the lesioned arm to hold ob ...
MSH-induced inhibition of oxytocin cells
... train during the identified periods. To assess changes in responses, the same poststimulus periods were used to quantify response amplitudes as those identified in control PSTHs. For the experiment with intracerebroventricular injection of ␣-MSH, firing rate in 30-s bins in the 5 min before injectio ...
... train during the identified periods. To assess changes in responses, the same poststimulus periods were used to quantify response amplitudes as those identified in control PSTHs. For the experiment with intracerebroventricular injection of ␣-MSH, firing rate in 30-s bins in the 5 min before injectio ...
Saccade-induced activity of dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus X
... occurred during a spontaneous saccade but with the eye stationary. This stimulus was generated from the eye position signal during a horizontal saccade recorded from one of the cats (stimulus duration: 85 ms, mean velocity: 110 deg0s, peak velocity: 225 deg0s). (3) During visual stimulation moving t ...
... occurred during a spontaneous saccade but with the eye stationary. This stimulus was generated from the eye position signal during a horizontal saccade recorded from one of the cats (stimulus duration: 85 ms, mean velocity: 110 deg0s, peak velocity: 225 deg0s). (3) During visual stimulation moving t ...
With 9 Text-figures and 1
... The body is rather hmg, slender and stout usually about 20-40 cm long and 2 mm wide. The head tapers to a point. The mouth is a short longitudinal slit. The distance between the brain and the mouth is about 1-1.5 time the distance from the tip of the head to the brain in cross section. The body is u ...
... The body is rather hmg, slender and stout usually about 20-40 cm long and 2 mm wide. The head tapers to a point. The mouth is a short longitudinal slit. The distance between the brain and the mouth is about 1-1.5 time the distance from the tip of the head to the brain in cross section. The body is u ...
Auditory Brain Development in Children with Hearing Loss – Part Two
... auditory area that responded to visual stimuli did not respond to well (Brain Res Rev. 2007;56[1]:259). The acquisition of the auditory stimuli, demonstrating that visual input occupied some secondary auditory cortex by other sensory modalities likely ex of the auditory resources normally used by h ...
... auditory area that responded to visual stimuli did not respond to well (Brain Res Rev. 2007;56[1]:259). The acquisition of the auditory stimuli, demonstrating that visual input occupied some secondary auditory cortex by other sensory modalities likely ex of the auditory resources normally used by h ...
file
... lysosomal storage disorders primarily affecting children. Patients share common features like accumulation of autofluorescent storage material, neuronal degeneration, and suffer from motor disturbances, progressive loss of vision and premature death. To date, nine genes have been detected to cause N ...
... lysosomal storage disorders primarily affecting children. Patients share common features like accumulation of autofluorescent storage material, neuronal degeneration, and suffer from motor disturbances, progressive loss of vision and premature death. To date, nine genes have been detected to cause N ...
Dopamine Modulates the Function of Group II and Group III
... GABA-ergic SNr neurons were identified according to previously established electrophysiological criteria (Richards et al., 1997). GABA-ergic neurons exhibited spontaneous repetitive firing, short duration action potentials, little spike frequency adaptation, and a lack of inward rectification, where ...
... GABA-ergic SNr neurons were identified according to previously established electrophysiological criteria (Richards et al., 1997). GABA-ergic neurons exhibited spontaneous repetitive firing, short duration action potentials, little spike frequency adaptation, and a lack of inward rectification, where ...
Chemical Nature of Synaptic Transmission in Vertebrates
... the enormous development and refinement of biochemical and histochemical techniques permitting ever more precise investigations on the cellular and subcellular localization of possible transmitters, their metabolism and liberation, and the identification and properties of essential enzymes or recept ...
... the enormous development and refinement of biochemical and histochemical techniques permitting ever more precise investigations on the cellular and subcellular localization of possible transmitters, their metabolism and liberation, and the identification and properties of essential enzymes or recept ...
a review with emphasis on the projections of specific thalamic nuclei
... * * The following definitions of the word ‘primary’ are offered in the hope that they will alleviate some of the confusion which has resulted from the various ways in which the word ‘primary’ has been applied to describe specific regions of the cerebral cortex. In the context of studies of cortical ...
... * * The following definitions of the word ‘primary’ are offered in the hope that they will alleviate some of the confusion which has resulted from the various ways in which the word ‘primary’ has been applied to describe specific regions of the cerebral cortex. In the context of studies of cortical ...
Amyloid-Beta Induced Changes in Vesicular Transport of BDNF in
... secretory protein could underlie neurodegenerative diseases. Investigation of disease-related changes in BDNF transport might provide insights into the cellular mechanism underlying, for example, Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To analyze the role of BDNF transport in AD, live cell imaging of fluorescentl ...
... secretory protein could underlie neurodegenerative diseases. Investigation of disease-related changes in BDNF transport might provide insights into the cellular mechanism underlying, for example, Alzheimer’s disease (AD). To analyze the role of BDNF transport in AD, live cell imaging of fluorescentl ...
PDF
... Dichromatic vision is common in many mammals. However, color processing in the primary visual cortex (V1) of dichromatic mammals is relatively unknown compared to the trichromatic primates. In this study, we investigated the functional organization of color processing in mouse V1. The mouse retina h ...
... Dichromatic vision is common in many mammals. However, color processing in the primary visual cortex (V1) of dichromatic mammals is relatively unknown compared to the trichromatic primates. In this study, we investigated the functional organization of color processing in mouse V1. The mouse retina h ...
PDF - Oxford Academic
... from the ampullae (in Raja ocellata), i.e., 1920). nerve impulses are conducted along the axons that innervate the ampullae without Anatomy being stimulated. Indications are that this discharge is spontaneous because under Hair cells (Fig. 1A) of canal neuromasts maintained DC electrical stimulation ...
... from the ampullae (in Raja ocellata), i.e., 1920). nerve impulses are conducted along the axons that innervate the ampullae without Anatomy being stimulated. Indications are that this discharge is spontaneous because under Hair cells (Fig. 1A) of canal neuromasts maintained DC electrical stimulation ...
Gpr126 is essential for peripheral nerve development and
... development of myelinated axons, we previously described an essential role for Gpr126 in Schwann cell myelination in zebrafish (Monk et al., 2009). To determine whether the function of Gpr126 is conserved in mammalian myelination, we obtained and analyzed Gpr126 knockout mice from Taconic/Lexicon. I ...
... development of myelinated axons, we previously described an essential role for Gpr126 in Schwann cell myelination in zebrafish (Monk et al., 2009). To determine whether the function of Gpr126 is conserved in mammalian myelination, we obtained and analyzed Gpr126 knockout mice from Taconic/Lexicon. I ...
In LHRH neurons
... multiple unit activity (in ME) occur in close association with LHRH pulses and can be suppressed with α-adrenergic blockers phentolamine and prazosin (α1-specific). ...
... multiple unit activity (in ME) occur in close association with LHRH pulses and can be suppressed with α-adrenergic blockers phentolamine and prazosin (α1-specific). ...
Neuroanatomy
Neuroanatomy is the study of the anatomy and stereotyped organization of nervous systems. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems, and thus we can make much more precise statements about their neuroanatomy. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or ""lesions"" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.For information about the composition of animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain or peripheral nervous system. This article discusses information pertinent to the study of neuroanatomy.