Endocannabinoids and Neurodegenerative Disorders: Parkinson`s
... antioxidants (coenzyme Q10, N-acetylcysteine); and anti-inflammatory compounds (minocycline). However, their advantage is that they combine all these properties in a single molecule or in a mixture of two or more CBs. This is extremely important in neurodegenerative disorders as neuronal damage also ...
... antioxidants (coenzyme Q10, N-acetylcysteine); and anti-inflammatory compounds (minocycline). However, their advantage is that they combine all these properties in a single molecule or in a mixture of two or more CBs. This is extremely important in neurodegenerative disorders as neuronal damage also ...
Understanding the Human Sensory Conduction of Smell
... This theory, also called the steric theory, states that a particular odor of a molecule is due to a structural specificity between the odorant and the OR, like a key-and-lock. The basic idea of this theory has been developed since 1949. In 1991, Richard Axel and Linda Buck cloned and identified 1,00 ...
... This theory, also called the steric theory, states that a particular odor of a molecule is due to a structural specificity between the odorant and the OR, like a key-and-lock. The basic idea of this theory has been developed since 1949. In 1991, Richard Axel and Linda Buck cloned and identified 1,00 ...
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... Coordination of voluntary motor activity depends on the generation of the appropriate neuronal subtypes in the basal ganglia and their integration into functional neuronal circuits. The largest nucleus of the basal ganglia, the striatum, contains two classes of neurons: the principal population of m ...
... Coordination of voluntary motor activity depends on the generation of the appropriate neuronal subtypes in the basal ganglia and their integration into functional neuronal circuits. The largest nucleus of the basal ganglia, the striatum, contains two classes of neurons: the principal population of m ...
Chapter 8: Nervous System
... 8-3: In neurons, a change in the plasma membrane’s electrical potential may result in an action potential (nerve impulse) ...
... 8-3: In neurons, a change in the plasma membrane’s electrical potential may result in an action potential (nerve impulse) ...
ABSTRACT Title of dissertation: MOLECULAR MECHANISMS OF NEURONAL
... hippocampal neurons. First, I showed that the SALMs, a newly discovered family of CAMs, regulate changes in neurite outgrowth with distinct morphological characteristics. Through transfections of primary hippocampal neurons, I investigated the roles of each SALM in neurite outgrowth. In addition to ...
... hippocampal neurons. First, I showed that the SALMs, a newly discovered family of CAMs, regulate changes in neurite outgrowth with distinct morphological characteristics. Through transfections of primary hippocampal neurons, I investigated the roles of each SALM in neurite outgrowth. In addition to ...
Combining electroencephalographic activity and
... Takotsubo cardiomyopathy [35], which is one of the brain–heart disorders, whereas depressive states were associated with a functional disconnection between rostral anterior cingulate cortex and autonomic brainstem nuclei [36]. The scientific debate on the physiological origin of emotions is still op ...
... Takotsubo cardiomyopathy [35], which is one of the brain–heart disorders, whereas depressive states were associated with a functional disconnection between rostral anterior cingulate cortex and autonomic brainstem nuclei [36]. The scientific debate on the physiological origin of emotions is still op ...
Effects on the central and peripheral nervous activity in rats elicited
... In contrast to lead and mercury, manganese (Mn) is essential for living organisms in small amounts and toxic only when overdosed. The presence of Mn in the general environment is partly due to human activity including the use of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) as an anti-knock pet ...
... In contrast to lead and mercury, manganese (Mn) is essential for living organisms in small amounts and toxic only when overdosed. The presence of Mn in the general environment is partly due to human activity including the use of methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl (MMT) as an anti-knock pet ...
Circadian Plasticity of Mammalian Inhibitory Interneurons
... other cyclic environmental cues (so-called Zeitgebers) and produces oscillations with 24 h period. Circadian information generated by the pacemaker is delivered to other brain regions and to peripheral clocks located in various internal organs. The pacemaker neurons of the SCN exhibit circadian rhyt ...
... other cyclic environmental cues (so-called Zeitgebers) and produces oscillations with 24 h period. Circadian information generated by the pacemaker is delivered to other brain regions and to peripheral clocks located in various internal organs. The pacemaker neurons of the SCN exhibit circadian rhyt ...
the evolution of body and brain, and of sensory
... Because fruit- and nut-producing trees are widely scattered in most locales and ripen at different times, monkeys have to learn much and have the cognitive ability to keep track of where and when to visit rewarding sites. They have to construct a spatial map of their large home range and know how to ...
... Because fruit- and nut-producing trees are widely scattered in most locales and ripen at different times, monkeys have to learn much and have the cognitive ability to keep track of where and when to visit rewarding sites. They have to construct a spatial map of their large home range and know how to ...
The Nucleus Basalis of Meynert
... the largest and most hyperchromic in the entire basal forebrain.3 However, there is a large cluster of nucleus basalis type neurons along the ventral and lateral edges of the globus pallidus, but many small islands of cell clusters of this type are encountered in other regions of the basal forebrain ...
... the largest and most hyperchromic in the entire basal forebrain.3 However, there is a large cluster of nucleus basalis type neurons along the ventral and lateral edges of the globus pallidus, but many small islands of cell clusters of this type are encountered in other regions of the basal forebrain ...
Antinociceptive Action of Nitrous Oxide Is Mediated
... suitable for the performance of surgery for ⬎150 years. Because it is relatively impotent, it cannot be used as a sole anesthetic agent except when administered under hyperbaric conditions; therefore, it is most often used as an adjunctive general anesthetic agent for surgical procedures. The state ...
... suitable for the performance of surgery for ⬎150 years. Because it is relatively impotent, it cannot be used as a sole anesthetic agent except when administered under hyperbaric conditions; therefore, it is most often used as an adjunctive general anesthetic agent for surgical procedures. The state ...
Brain, Mood and Cognition in Hypothyroidism
... processes to the awareness of having a chronic disease (Ladenson, 2002). Disentangling these possible causes has important implications for treatment strategies. The present study wants to contribute to the discussion by studying the target organ of interest, the brain, and measuring levels of autoi ...
... processes to the awareness of having a chronic disease (Ladenson, 2002). Disentangling these possible causes has important implications for treatment strategies. The present study wants to contribute to the discussion by studying the target organ of interest, the brain, and measuring levels of autoi ...
Brain regions involved in heading estimation and steering control in
... to healthy individuals, our brain carries out complex computations such as integrating sensory information from our vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive sensory systems (Ivanenko, Grasso, Israel, & Berthoz, 1997; Warren, Kay, Zosh, Duchon, & Sahuc 2001; Wilkie & Wann, 2005). This allows us to exec ...
... to healthy individuals, our brain carries out complex computations such as integrating sensory information from our vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive sensory systems (Ivanenko, Grasso, Israel, & Berthoz, 1997; Warren, Kay, Zosh, Duchon, & Sahuc 2001; Wilkie & Wann, 2005). This allows us to exec ...
MAP2 and Tau Segregate into Dendritic and Axonal Domains After
... ym, whereasunmyelinated axons can be asthin as0.1-O. 15 Frn (Bartlett and Banker, 1984b). The cytoskeletal ultrastructure also suggestsdifferences,in that microtubules are generally distributed uniformly throughout dendrites, and there is a relative paucity of neurofilaments.Axons, on the other hand ...
... ym, whereasunmyelinated axons can be asthin as0.1-O. 15 Frn (Bartlett and Banker, 1984b). The cytoskeletal ultrastructure also suggestsdifferences,in that microtubules are generally distributed uniformly throughout dendrites, and there is a relative paucity of neurofilaments.Axons, on the other hand ...
Membrane-shaping disorders: a common pathway in axon
... human disorders are indicated in brackets. A prototype reticulon domain is a common feature of reticulon 2 (RTN2), FAM134B, and ARL6IP1 (light pink). Membrane-shaping properties by hairpin loop insertion were also proposed for REEP1, REEP2, spastin, and proteins of the atlastin family, ATL1 and ATL3 ...
... human disorders are indicated in brackets. A prototype reticulon domain is a common feature of reticulon 2 (RTN2), FAM134B, and ARL6IP1 (light pink). Membrane-shaping properties by hairpin loop insertion were also proposed for REEP1, REEP2, spastin, and proteins of the atlastin family, ATL1 and ATL3 ...
Neurophysiological involvement in hypervolemic hyponatremia
... Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is a neuropeptide mainly synthesized in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei in the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary when physiological demands are increased. The major function of circulating AVP is to promote water retention and vasoconstrictio ...
... Arginine vasopressin (AVP) is a neuropeptide mainly synthesized in the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei in the hypothalamus and released from the posterior pituitary when physiological demands are increased. The major function of circulating AVP is to promote water retention and vasoconstrictio ...
Noradrenergic Suppression of Synaptic Transmission May Influence Cortical Signal-to-Noise Ratio
... by norepinephrine in the piriform cortex, we incorporated the cellular data on effects of norepinephrine into a network simulation of the piriform cortex. This allowed analysis of how these effects can lead to specific functional interpretations. Modeling used a network structure described in previo ...
... by norepinephrine in the piriform cortex, we incorporated the cellular data on effects of norepinephrine into a network simulation of the piriform cortex. This allowed analysis of how these effects can lead to specific functional interpretations. Modeling used a network structure described in previo ...
CNB12 Plus
... the Journal of Neurological Science (1994 Apr. 122[2]:140-143) postulated that methylcobalamin could increase protein synthesis and help regenerate nerves. The scientists showed that very high doses of methylcobalamin produce nerve regeneration in laboratory rats. The scientists stated that ultra-hi ...
... the Journal of Neurological Science (1994 Apr. 122[2]:140-143) postulated that methylcobalamin could increase protein synthesis and help regenerate nerves. The scientists showed that very high doses of methylcobalamin produce nerve regeneration in laboratory rats. The scientists stated that ultra-hi ...
Nerve Regeneration in the Cornea
... over several years after surgical transection; however, the nerve density never returns to presurgery values. • Subbasal nerve density decreased by 82% in 5 days after LASIK. A gradual increase in density was observed at 2 weeks after surgery; however, even 2 years after LASIK, nerve density was onl ...
... over several years after surgical transection; however, the nerve density never returns to presurgery values. • Subbasal nerve density decreased by 82% in 5 days after LASIK. A gradual increase in density was observed at 2 weeks after surgery; however, even 2 years after LASIK, nerve density was onl ...
Anterior Cingulate Conflict Monitoring and Adjustments in Control
... trials. The conflict hypothesis explains these behavioral adjustments as the result of high conflict on incongruent trials leading to the recruitment of greater cognitive control on the subsequent trial (3). Thus, iI trials are faster than cI trials because the preceding incongruent trial results in ...
... trials. The conflict hypothesis explains these behavioral adjustments as the result of high conflict on incongruent trials leading to the recruitment of greater cognitive control on the subsequent trial (3). Thus, iI trials are faster than cI trials because the preceding incongruent trial results in ...
THE NEUROBIOLOGY OF VISUAL-SACCADIC DECISION MAKING
... complete mechanistic model for this class of behavior. He hoped this would reduce a large segment of human and animal behavior to conceptual and physiological tractability. In Sherrington’s model, the relatively simple behaviors were those in which an event in the external world triggered a fixed be ...
... complete mechanistic model for this class of behavior. He hoped this would reduce a large segment of human and animal behavior to conceptual and physiological tractability. In Sherrington’s model, the relatively simple behaviors were those in which an event in the external world triggered a fixed be ...
neuro 2009 - addiction education home
... Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics. 34(6)(pp 623-629), 2009. Date of Publication: Dec 2009. Abstract Two reports published in the latter 1980s are generally given credit for being the first to announce the discovery of a new subtype of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR), designated ...
... Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics. 34(6)(pp 623-629), 2009. Date of Publication: Dec 2009. Abstract Two reports published in the latter 1980s are generally given credit for being the first to announce the discovery of a new subtype of muscarinic acetylcholine receptor (mAChR), designated ...
A dendritic disinhibitory circuit mechanism for pathway
... Disinhibiting the branches targeted by one pathway can selectively open the gate for this pathway while keeping the gates closed for other pathways (Fig. 2d). When a gate is open, the neuron’s output firing rate transmits the stimulus selectivity of the corresponding input pathway most effectively (F ...
... Disinhibiting the branches targeted by one pathway can selectively open the gate for this pathway while keeping the gates closed for other pathways (Fig. 2d). When a gate is open, the neuron’s output firing rate transmits the stimulus selectivity of the corresponding input pathway most effectively (F ...
World of Children 1st ed
... environment motivates infants to raise their heads, turn their bodies, crawl, and take their first steps 3.Opportunities to exercise give babies the muscle strength they need to lift and control their growing bodies 4. Maturation of cognitive system helps babies to remember where interesting objects ...
... environment motivates infants to raise their heads, turn their bodies, crawl, and take their first steps 3.Opportunities to exercise give babies the muscle strength they need to lift and control their growing bodies 4. Maturation of cognitive system helps babies to remember where interesting objects ...
Neuroanatomy
Neuroanatomy is the study of the anatomy and stereotyped organization of nervous systems. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems, and thus we can make much more precise statements about their neuroanatomy. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or ""lesions"" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.For information about the composition of animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain or peripheral nervous system. This article discusses information pertinent to the study of neuroanatomy.