![Effective connectivity of the subthalamic nucleus](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/007937736_1-0e5686b33c26069792cd6a873159f0df-300x300.png)
Effective connectivity of the subthalamic nucleus
... abnormal oscillations in the Parkinsonian STN–GP network in a series of computational models that were successively more complex in terms of either structural and/or physiological architecture (see below). Each computational model was tightly constrained by data from our in vivo electrophysiological ...
... abnormal oscillations in the Parkinsonian STN–GP network in a series of computational models that were successively more complex in terms of either structural and/or physiological architecture (see below). Each computational model was tightly constrained by data from our in vivo electrophysiological ...
Information Processing in the Rostral Solitary Nucleus: Modulation
... The sensitivity of gustatory afferents and neurons to multiple stimuli also poses the methodological question of how to compare gustatory responses across experimental conditions, anatomical locations, and between species. It is possible to classify units according to their best-stimulus and compare ...
... The sensitivity of gustatory afferents and neurons to multiple stimuli also poses the methodological question of how to compare gustatory responses across experimental conditions, anatomical locations, and between species. It is possible to classify units according to their best-stimulus and compare ...
The Nervous System Introduction Organization of Neural Tissue
... Art and music Controls left side of body ...
... Art and music Controls left side of body ...
Information Processing at the Calyx of Held Under Natural Conditions
... to test how well several vesicle-release models could capture the dynamics observed physiologically. Already the most basic model variant produced very good results with correlation coefficients between the experimental data and the model prediction of more than 90%. None of the more complex model v ...
... to test how well several vesicle-release models could capture the dynamics observed physiologically. Already the most basic model variant produced very good results with correlation coefficients between the experimental data and the model prediction of more than 90%. None of the more complex model v ...
Bridging Areas of Injury in the Spinal Cord
... Peripheral nerve was placed into a complete transection gap of 5 or 10 mm (Richardson and others 1980). After 3 to 4 months, tracing demonstrated that fibers grow into and across the implant from both stumps. A mean of 5850 myelinated axons are found in the graft if the nearby dorsal roots are avuls ...
... Peripheral nerve was placed into a complete transection gap of 5 or 10 mm (Richardson and others 1980). After 3 to 4 months, tracing demonstrated that fibers grow into and across the implant from both stumps. A mean of 5850 myelinated axons are found in the graft if the nearby dorsal roots are avuls ...
PowerPoint Presentation - University of South Alabama
... •any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network •preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images •any rental, lease or lending of the program. ...
... •any public performance or display, including transmission of any image over a network •preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or in part, of any images •any rental, lease or lending of the program. ...
Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Directly Activates Noradrenergic
... peroxidase complex (ABC; 1:200; Vectastain Elite kit; Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA). The peroxidase reaction product was subsequently visualized by incubating the sections in 0.022% diaminobenzidine, 0.3% NiSO4(NH4)2SO4, and 0.003% hydrogen peroxide for 6 –7 min. Then, after incubation in blo ...
... peroxidase complex (ABC; 1:200; Vectastain Elite kit; Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA). The peroxidase reaction product was subsequently visualized by incubating the sections in 0.022% diaminobenzidine, 0.3% NiSO4(NH4)2SO4, and 0.003% hydrogen peroxide for 6 –7 min. Then, after incubation in blo ...
Hikosaka O - lsr
... REVIEWS In this Review, I first discuss the various processes in which the habenula seems to be involved. Second, I show that the role of the habenula in these processes is characterized by a common theme, namely motor suppression (FIG. 2). Finally, I propose a common neural mechanism that may unde ...
... REVIEWS In this Review, I first discuss the various processes in which the habenula seems to be involved. Second, I show that the role of the habenula in these processes is characterized by a common theme, namely motor suppression (FIG. 2). Finally, I propose a common neural mechanism that may unde ...
Non-reward neural mechanisms in the orbitofrontal cortex
... (Rolls, 2016b), or has increased functional connectivity (Cheng et al., 2016). Conversely, if the non-reward system is underactive or is damaged by lesions of the orbitofrontal cortex, the decreased sensitivity to non-reward may contribute to increased impulsivity (Berlin, Rolls, & Iversen, 2005; Be ...
... (Rolls, 2016b), or has increased functional connectivity (Cheng et al., 2016). Conversely, if the non-reward system is underactive or is damaged by lesions of the orbitofrontal cortex, the decreased sensitivity to non-reward may contribute to increased impulsivity (Berlin, Rolls, & Iversen, 2005; Be ...
CNS 424 Block Educational Framework (Week 1)
... List the main classes of hallucinogenic drugs and the main representatives of each class Describe the pharmacological actions of hallucinogens Describe the tolerance and dependence to hallucinogens Outline the toxicity of hallucinogens Steroids abuse and dependence Describe the main features of ster ...
... List the main classes of hallucinogenic drugs and the main representatives of each class Describe the pharmacological actions of hallucinogens Describe the tolerance and dependence to hallucinogens Outline the toxicity of hallucinogens Steroids abuse and dependence Describe the main features of ster ...
Association of Poly(A) mRNA with Microtubules
... that poly(A) mRNA and associated ribosomes were excluded from tightly bundled microtubules. Introduction Neurons are highly polarized cells with two morphologically and functionally distinct types of processes: axons and dendrites. Protein synthesis is restricted to the somatodendritic compartment i ...
... that poly(A) mRNA and associated ribosomes were excluded from tightly bundled microtubules. Introduction Neurons are highly polarized cells with two morphologically and functionally distinct types of processes: axons and dendrites. Protein synthesis is restricted to the somatodendritic compartment i ...
Descending Inhibitory Systems
... nigrostriatal dopamine system may cause not only motor disorders but also chronic pain. Further studies are needed to determine potential dysfunctions of other neurotransmitter systems in pain inhibitory pathways and their possible relationship with chronic pain. (e) Diffuse Noxious Inhibitory Contr ...
... nigrostriatal dopamine system may cause not only motor disorders but also chronic pain. Further studies are needed to determine potential dysfunctions of other neurotransmitter systems in pain inhibitory pathways and their possible relationship with chronic pain. (e) Diffuse Noxious Inhibitory Contr ...
Muscle - Midlands State University
... Muscles and muscular activity account for most of the body's energy consumption. Muscles store energy for their own use in the form of glycogen, which represents about 1% of their mass. This can be rapidly converted to glucose when more energy is necessary. ...
... Muscles and muscular activity account for most of the body's energy consumption. Muscles store energy for their own use in the form of glycogen, which represents about 1% of their mass. This can be rapidly converted to glucose when more energy is necessary. ...
Mechanisms Underlying the Cardioinhibitory and Pressor
... SAP and vertebral nerve activity (VNA) were recorded. Neurons in the FTG, NA, DMV and CVLM were stimulated by microinjection of sodium glutamate (25 mM Glu, 70 nl). To study if the NA, DMV, and CVLM relayed the cardioinhibitory messages from the FTG, 24 mM kainic acid (KA, 100 nl) was used as an exc ...
... SAP and vertebral nerve activity (VNA) were recorded. Neurons in the FTG, NA, DMV and CVLM were stimulated by microinjection of sodium glutamate (25 mM Glu, 70 nl). To study if the NA, DMV, and CVLM relayed the cardioinhibitory messages from the FTG, 24 mM kainic acid (KA, 100 nl) was used as an exc ...
Evolutionary Connectionism and Mind/Brain Modularity - laral
... than observed entities. For example, in formal linguistics of the Chomskian variety syntax is considered as an autonomous module of linguistic competence in that empirical linguistic data (the linguistic judgements of the native speaker) are interpreted as requiring this assumption. Or, in psycholin ...
... than observed entities. For example, in formal linguistics of the Chomskian variety syntax is considered as an autonomous module of linguistic competence in that empirical linguistic data (the linguistic judgements of the native speaker) are interpreted as requiring this assumption. Or, in psycholin ...
Evolutionary Connectionism and Mind/Brain Modularity - laral
... than observed entities. For example, in formal linguistics of the Chomskian variety syntax is considered as an autonomous module of linguistic competence in that empirical linguistic data (the linguistic judgements of the native speaker) are interpreted as requiring this assumption. Or, in psycholin ...
... than observed entities. For example, in formal linguistics of the Chomskian variety syntax is considered as an autonomous module of linguistic competence in that empirical linguistic data (the linguistic judgements of the native speaker) are interpreted as requiring this assumption. Or, in psycholin ...
Mirror neurons and their clinical relevance
... rather than the movements from which they are constructed.8,9 The PFG and anterior intraparietal areas are both connected with the F5 area and the cortex of the superior temporal sulcus. Neurons in the superior temporial sulcus have complex visual properties, and some respond to the observation of m ...
... rather than the movements from which they are constructed.8,9 The PFG and anterior intraparietal areas are both connected with the F5 area and the cortex of the superior temporal sulcus. Neurons in the superior temporial sulcus have complex visual properties, and some respond to the observation of m ...
9a-Pain Sensation
... Stimulation of these areas may lead to: * Excitation of tracts which pass in the spinal cord to end in the dorsal horns, mainly in laminae I, II and III (stations for afferent pain fibres). So, this stimulation will block or suppress pain transmission. * Inhibition of pain transmission in the pain p ...
... Stimulation of these areas may lead to: * Excitation of tracts which pass in the spinal cord to end in the dorsal horns, mainly in laminae I, II and III (stations for afferent pain fibres). So, this stimulation will block or suppress pain transmission. * Inhibition of pain transmission in the pain p ...
MOTOR SYSTEM PHYSIOLOGY
... a. Lateral Vestibular Nucleus: direct excitation of alpha MNs to the extensor muscles of the limbs, normally inhibited by cortex and cerebellum b. Reticular formation: loss of inhibitory control over the reticular formation by the cortex, cerebellum, and striatum, leads to excitation of flexor and e ...
... a. Lateral Vestibular Nucleus: direct excitation of alpha MNs to the extensor muscles of the limbs, normally inhibited by cortex and cerebellum b. Reticular formation: loss of inhibitory control over the reticular formation by the cortex, cerebellum, and striatum, leads to excitation of flexor and e ...
The organisation of the stress response, and its relevance to
... system to the sensory cortex [30,31]. The sensory cortex then directs information directly to the amygdala, or via the hippocampus and then to the amygdala. [32]. The hippocampus does not receive information involving individual sensory stimuli, but more general contextual cues [27]. Contextual cues ...
... system to the sensory cortex [30,31]. The sensory cortex then directs information directly to the amygdala, or via the hippocampus and then to the amygdala. [32]. The hippocampus does not receive information involving individual sensory stimuli, but more general contextual cues [27]. Contextual cues ...
the diverse roles of l-glutamic acid in brain signal transduction
... acidic amino acids such as L-aspartic acid and L-homocysteic acid may also participate (1). Nevertheless, ongoing research reveals that the functions of Glu are much more diverse and complex than simply generating excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs). It plays a major role in brain development, ...
... acidic amino acids such as L-aspartic acid and L-homocysteic acid may also participate (1). Nevertheless, ongoing research reveals that the functions of Glu are much more diverse and complex than simply generating excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs). It plays a major role in brain development, ...
The Nervous System - Napa Valley College
... – Are found in most synapses between neurons and all synapses between neurons and other cells – Cells not in direct contact ...
... – Are found in most synapses between neurons and all synapses between neurons and other cells – Cells not in direct contact ...
Physiology of Ejaculation
... of the SPFp supraspinally and the spinal LSt cells. These neurons express the neuropeptides galanin and cholecystokinin (CCK) [43, 44]. These galanin-specific nerve fibers have also been found to correlate with ejaculation-associated neurons with strong Fos activity, providing further support for a ...
... of the SPFp supraspinally and the spinal LSt cells. These neurons express the neuropeptides galanin and cholecystokinin (CCK) [43, 44]. These galanin-specific nerve fibers have also been found to correlate with ejaculation-associated neurons with strong Fos activity, providing further support for a ...
START_HERE_ch08_lecture
... 8-3 In neurons, a change in the plasma membrane’s electrical potential may result in an action potential (nerve impulse) ...
... 8-3 In neurons, a change in the plasma membrane’s electrical potential may result in an action potential (nerve impulse) ...
Failure of the oculomotor neural integrator from a discrete midline
... integrator that converts eye-velocity to eye-position signals. We disrupted a subset of these commissural projections by making a small midline lesion between the abducens nuclei in a monkey. The vestibulo-ocular reflex and saccades were still present post-lesion, indicating that premotor drive was ...
... integrator that converts eye-velocity to eye-position signals. We disrupted a subset of these commissural projections by making a small midline lesion between the abducens nuclei in a monkey. The vestibulo-ocular reflex and saccades were still present post-lesion, indicating that premotor drive was ...
Neuroanatomy
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Sobo_1909_624.png?width=300)
Neuroanatomy is the study of the anatomy and stereotyped organization of nervous systems. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems, and thus we can make much more precise statements about their neuroanatomy. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or ""lesions"" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.For information about the composition of animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain or peripheral nervous system. This article discusses information pertinent to the study of neuroanatomy.