serotonin
... and distinct gene products. This knowledge has revolutionized contemporary research on the serotoninergic system. Through the use of in situ messenger RNA (mRNA) hybridization and immunocytochemical maps, studies of previously recognized 5-HT receptors could be directed more precisely toward neurons ...
... and distinct gene products. This knowledge has revolutionized contemporary research on the serotoninergic system. Through the use of in situ messenger RNA (mRNA) hybridization and immunocytochemical maps, studies of previously recognized 5-HT receptors could be directed more precisely toward neurons ...
Goodwin S.F., Taylor, B.J., Villella, A., Foss, M., Ryner, L. C., Baker, B. S., and Hall, J. C.
... in a recording chamber (cf. Villella and Hall 1996; Villella et al. 1997) with either another male of the same genotype or a wild-type female (1–5 days old); the fly pairs were video- and audio-recorded for 5–10 min. A courtship index (CI) was calculated for each frusat male as described previously ...
... in a recording chamber (cf. Villella and Hall 1996; Villella et al. 1997) with either another male of the same genotype or a wild-type female (1–5 days old); the fly pairs were video- and audio-recorded for 5–10 min. A courtship index (CI) was calculated for each frusat male as described previously ...
SAD Kinases Sculpt Axonal Arbors of Sensory Neurons through
... the SpVc and form dense arbors. SADIsl1-cre mutant axons fail to elaborate axon arbors that enter into the correct target (outlined); growth cones tip many of the labeled axons (arrows). (K–R) Parvalbumin immunohistochemistry of E17.5 triceps muscle showing that annulospiral endings of IaPSNs (K and ...
... the SpVc and form dense arbors. SADIsl1-cre mutant axons fail to elaborate axon arbors that enter into the correct target (outlined); growth cones tip many of the labeled axons (arrows). (K–R) Parvalbumin immunohistochemistry of E17.5 triceps muscle showing that annulospiral endings of IaPSNs (K and ...
Introduction to anatomy - Yeditepe University Pharma Anatomy
... the body. Midline is often erroneously used as a synonym for the median plane. Sagittal planes are vertical planes passing through the body parallel to the median plane. Frontal (coronal) planes are vertical planes passing through the body at right angles to the median plane, dividing the body into ...
... the body. Midline is often erroneously used as a synonym for the median plane. Sagittal planes are vertical planes passing through the body parallel to the median plane. Frontal (coronal) planes are vertical planes passing through the body at right angles to the median plane, dividing the body into ...
Open-loop organization of thalamic reticular nucleus and dorsal
... states, the production of seizures (McCormick and Contreras 2001), and may contain functional subnetworks subserving these myriad functions (Halassa et al. 2014). Despite the wealth of data derived from slice physiological studies about the TRN, the specific role of the TRN in modulating larger-scal ...
... states, the production of seizures (McCormick and Contreras 2001), and may contain functional subnetworks subserving these myriad functions (Halassa et al. 2014). Despite the wealth of data derived from slice physiological studies about the TRN, the specific role of the TRN in modulating larger-scal ...
The visual-oculomotor striatum of the cat: functional relationship to
... a first series of experiments, the former was injected with a retrograde tracer in several cats. Thalamostriate cells were found in extensive regions, including the intralaminar nuclei, certain motor-related nuclei, and, most notably, across much of the extrageniculate visual thalamus. In another se ...
... a first series of experiments, the former was injected with a retrograde tracer in several cats. Thalamostriate cells were found in extensive regions, including the intralaminar nuclei, certain motor-related nuclei, and, most notably, across much of the extrageniculate visual thalamus. In another se ...
Development - Publications Repository
... SEMA3F being expressed in r3 and r5 and NRP2 being expressed by the r2-derived (trigeminal) and r4-derived (hyoid) neural crest cells (Gammill et al., 2007; Eickholt et al., 1999). Moreover, cranial neural crest cells travel through the normally crest-free zone at r3 level when semaphorin function i ...
... SEMA3F being expressed in r3 and r5 and NRP2 being expressed by the r2-derived (trigeminal) and r4-derived (hyoid) neural crest cells (Gammill et al., 2007; Eickholt et al., 1999). Moreover, cranial neural crest cells travel through the normally crest-free zone at r3 level when semaphorin function i ...
Evidence of sympathetic ®bers in the male rat pelvic nerve
... 25% the number of ®bers in the rat pelvic nerve31 . To our knowledge there is no clear demonstration of a loss of neural ®bers in the pelvic nerve following lesion of the lumbosacral spinal cord in the rat. However retrograde labelling from the pelvic nerve in this species suggests that the lumbosac ...
... 25% the number of ®bers in the rat pelvic nerve31 . To our knowledge there is no clear demonstration of a loss of neural ®bers in the pelvic nerve following lesion of the lumbosacral spinal cord in the rat. However retrograde labelling from the pelvic nerve in this species suggests that the lumbosac ...
Optophysiological analysis of associational circuits in the olfactory
... FIGURE 2 | Light-evoked EPSCs at AON to aPC synapses. (A) ChR2-EYFP expressing axon fibers from the AON projecting to the aPC with AAV injection into the AON of a rat pup (P6). Fluorescence intensity was high in layer 1b where most of the associational fibers are found, but there were also labeled f ...
... FIGURE 2 | Light-evoked EPSCs at AON to aPC synapses. (A) ChR2-EYFP expressing axon fibers from the AON projecting to the aPC with AAV injection into the AON of a rat pup (P6). Fluorescence intensity was high in layer 1b where most of the associational fibers are found, but there were also labeled f ...
Axon - Rochester Community Schools
... minority of mammals with the ability to see color well • Mammals that are nocturnal usually have a high proportion of rods in the retina ...
... minority of mammals with the ability to see color well • Mammals that are nocturnal usually have a high proportion of rods in the retina ...
Nature template
... 12. C. M. Gray, W. Singer, Stimulus specific neuronal oscillations in orientation columns of cat visual cortex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 86, 1698-1702 (1989). 13. W. Singer, C. M. Gray, Visual feature integration and the temporal correlation ...
... 12. C. M. Gray, W. Singer, Stimulus specific neuronal oscillations in orientation columns of cat visual cortex. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 86, 1698-1702 (1989). 13. W. Singer, C. M. Gray, Visual feature integration and the temporal correlation ...
morphological changes in chick embryo neural tissue associated
... Morphological changes in chick embryo neural tissue associated with hydrocortisone use during prenatal development By ...
... Morphological changes in chick embryo neural tissue associated with hydrocortisone use during prenatal development By ...
Figure and Ground in the Visual Cortex: V2 Combines Stereoscopic
... A fraction of the orientation-selective neurons in macaque area V2 signal not only the location and orientation of luminance and color edges, but also the location of the figure to which an edge “belongs” (Zhou et al., 2000). Figure 2A illustrates a V2 neuron that responds more strongly to the botto ...
... A fraction of the orientation-selective neurons in macaque area V2 signal not only the location and orientation of luminance and color edges, but also the location of the figure to which an edge “belongs” (Zhou et al., 2000). Figure 2A illustrates a V2 neuron that responds more strongly to the botto ...
Human Brain Networks: Spiking Neuron Models
... of this network system. The brain is interconnected to receptors that transmit sensory information to the brain, and in turn the brain delivers action commands to effectors. The neural network of the brain consists of approximately 1011 neurons (nerve cells) with each having 104 to 105 connections i ...
... of this network system. The brain is interconnected to receptors that transmit sensory information to the brain, and in turn the brain delivers action commands to effectors. The neural network of the brain consists of approximately 1011 neurons (nerve cells) with each having 104 to 105 connections i ...
Sleep imaging and the neuro- psychological assessment of dreams
... sleep are associated with regionally-specific responses broadly similar to those observed during wakefulness [7]. It is most probably true also for the other brain systems and during REM sleep. Dream features can therefore be potentially mapped onto a specific distribution of brain activity. Indeed, ...
... sleep are associated with regionally-specific responses broadly similar to those observed during wakefulness [7]. It is most probably true also for the other brain systems and during REM sleep. Dream features can therefore be potentially mapped onto a specific distribution of brain activity. Indeed, ...
Integrating Top-Down and Bottom
... versus disabled top-down projections between the two areas. An input stimulus with varying amount of noise was presented to area A whereas area B received no external signals. We considered total spike numbers as well as burst numbers to analyze the signal/noisebehavior under the two described condi ...
... versus disabled top-down projections between the two areas. An input stimulus with varying amount of noise was presented to area A whereas area B received no external signals. We considered total spike numbers as well as burst numbers to analyze the signal/noisebehavior under the two described condi ...
Posterior White Column
... • Receives incoming dorsal root fibers and collateral branches as well • Larger neurons contribute axons to Contralateral Spinothalamic Tract ...
... • Receives incoming dorsal root fibers and collateral branches as well • Larger neurons contribute axons to Contralateral Spinothalamic Tract ...
The Spinal Cord
... • Receives incoming dorsal root fibers and collateral branches as well • Larger neurons contribute axons to Contralateral Spinothalamic Tract ...
... • Receives incoming dorsal root fibers and collateral branches as well • Larger neurons contribute axons to Contralateral Spinothalamic Tract ...
Document
... • Receives incoming dorsal root fibers and collateral branches as well • Larger neurons contribute axons to Contralateral Spinothalamic Tract ...
... • Receives incoming dorsal root fibers and collateral branches as well • Larger neurons contribute axons to Contralateral Spinothalamic Tract ...
Social perception from visual cues: role of the STS region
... love is now unrequited. He came to this conclusion because his beloved avoided his gaze. He might have been wrong (she might not have seen him, or she might have been coy), but for better or worse his judgement was based on information derived from the eyes. Of the objects that we routinely see in t ...
... love is now unrequited. He came to this conclusion because his beloved avoided his gaze. He might have been wrong (she might not have seen him, or she might have been coy), but for better or worse his judgement was based on information derived from the eyes. Of the objects that we routinely see in t ...
VIP in Neurological Diseases: More Than A Neuropeptide
... Besides of the crucial role of VIP during development of the CNS, alterations on VIP levels in nervous tissues of adults seem to be crucial in the onset and progression of different neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson’s and Alzheimer´s disease (PD and AD, respective ...
... Besides of the crucial role of VIP during development of the CNS, alterations on VIP levels in nervous tissues of adults seem to be crucial in the onset and progression of different neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS), Parkinson’s and Alzheimer´s disease (PD and AD, respective ...
The Reflex Arc and Reflexes Lab
... system. This pathway begins with a receptor at the dendrite end of a sensory (afferent) neuron. The sensory neuron leads into the central nervous system and may communicate with one or more interneurons. Some of these interneurons, in turn, communicate with motor (efferent) neurons, whose axons (ner ...
... system. This pathway begins with a receptor at the dendrite end of a sensory (afferent) neuron. The sensory neuron leads into the central nervous system and may communicate with one or more interneurons. Some of these interneurons, in turn, communicate with motor (efferent) neurons, whose axons (ner ...
A COMMON REFERENCE FRAME FOR MOVEMENT PLANS IN
... Yale E. Cohen* and Richard A. Andersen‡ Orchestrating a movement towards a sensory target requires many computational processes, including a transformation between reference frames. This transformation is important because the reference frames in which sensory stimuli are encoded often differ from t ...
... Yale E. Cohen* and Richard A. Andersen‡ Orchestrating a movement towards a sensory target requires many computational processes, including a transformation between reference frames. This transformation is important because the reference frames in which sensory stimuli are encoded often differ from t ...
The role of the Golgi apparatus in neuronal polarity
... somatosensory information. White matter consists of nerve fibers as well as myelin sheaths and glial cells. The white matter connects different functional regions of the brain together forming complex networks and is the matter that makes up the corpus callosum (Dubois et al., 2014). Glia is another ...
... somatosensory information. White matter consists of nerve fibers as well as myelin sheaths and glial cells. The white matter connects different functional regions of the brain together forming complex networks and is the matter that makes up the corpus callosum (Dubois et al., 2014). Glia is another ...
How Do Short-Term Changes at Synapses Fine
... The excitatory inputs to MNTB neurons mediated by the calyx of Held have been studied in detail and are fairly well understood (Schneggenburger and Forsythe, 2006; Kochubey et al., 2011). Much less well understood is the role of additional glycinergic inhibitory inputs to MNTB neurons. In vivo, the ...
... The excitatory inputs to MNTB neurons mediated by the calyx of Held have been studied in detail and are fairly well understood (Schneggenburger and Forsythe, 2006; Kochubey et al., 2011). Much less well understood is the role of additional glycinergic inhibitory inputs to MNTB neurons. In vivo, the ...
Neuroanatomy
Neuroanatomy is the study of the anatomy and stereotyped organization of nervous systems. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems, and thus we can make much more precise statements about their neuroanatomy. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or ""lesions"" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.For information about the composition of animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain or peripheral nervous system. This article discusses information pertinent to the study of neuroanatomy.