Stereologic analysis of the lateral geniculate nucleus of the
... Reduction of volume and neuronal number has been found in several association nuclei of the thalamus in schizophrenic subjects. Recent evidence suggests that schizophrenic patients exhibit abnormalities in early visual processing and that many of the observed perceptual deficits are consistent with ...
... Reduction of volume and neuronal number has been found in several association nuclei of the thalamus in schizophrenic subjects. Recent evidence suggests that schizophrenic patients exhibit abnormalities in early visual processing and that many of the observed perceptual deficits are consistent with ...
Seizure, neurotransmitter release, and gene expression are closely
... The present experiments aimed to compare the length of seizure activity with the time-related increase of transmitter release and the induction of c-fos gene expression in the striatum of the rat. Anesthetized Wistar rats were intraperitoneally treated with 7 mg/kg 4-aminopyridine, and the transmitt ...
... The present experiments aimed to compare the length of seizure activity with the time-related increase of transmitter release and the induction of c-fos gene expression in the striatum of the rat. Anesthetized Wistar rats were intraperitoneally treated with 7 mg/kg 4-aminopyridine, and the transmitt ...
The Brain and Nervous Systems
... List and describe three main structures in the brain stem, explain the primary functions each structure performs, and discuss the processes controlled by the cerebellum. ...
... List and describe three main structures in the brain stem, explain the primary functions each structure performs, and discuss the processes controlled by the cerebellum. ...
Long-term channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) expression
... took two forms: elongated cylinders and large, round, calyxlike structures. Cylinders appeared earliest, were most numerous, and were found in layers 2–6, in the white matter underlying electroporated S1, and within the terminal field of callosally projecting expressing axons in contralateral S1. Th ...
... took two forms: elongated cylinders and large, round, calyxlike structures. Cylinders appeared earliest, were most numerous, and were found in layers 2–6, in the white matter underlying electroporated S1, and within the terminal field of callosally projecting expressing axons in contralateral S1. Th ...
Efficient Recruitment of Layer 2/3 Interneurons by Layer 4 Input in
... software Rembrandt II, and average length density maps of the presynsmaller intervals resulted in a successive rundown of EPSP amplitudes. The aptic axons and the postsynaptic dendrites were constructed. Pairs were long interval between sweeps allowed the recording of only low numbers of sorted acco ...
... software Rembrandt II, and average length density maps of the presynsmaller intervals resulted in a successive rundown of EPSP amplitudes. The aptic axons and the postsynaptic dendrites were constructed. Pairs were long interval between sweeps allowed the recording of only low numbers of sorted acco ...
Biological Cybernetics
... input from both retinae; some of them project to the brainstem and spinal cord and activate motor networks responsible for the control of the projectile tongue. A binocular receptive field is defined as the overlap of the monocular receptive fields of a binocular neuron. A suitable object in this re ...
... input from both retinae; some of them project to the brainstem and spinal cord and activate motor networks responsible for the control of the projectile tongue. A binocular receptive field is defined as the overlap of the monocular receptive fields of a binocular neuron. A suitable object in this re ...
brain –computer interface - Nexus Academic Publishers
... a lot of the electrical signal, and it distorts what does get through it is more accepted than the other types because of their disadvantages. ...
... a lot of the electrical signal, and it distorts what does get through it is more accepted than the other types because of their disadvantages. ...
pain impulses
... ◦ Noxious pain modulation Elicits pain in affected region to achieve desired analgesic affect Possibly evokes descending pain modulation ◦ Nerve block pain modulation Application of medium-frequency currents creates an action potential failure—Wedenski’s inhibition Wedenski’s inhibition ; dam ...
... ◦ Noxious pain modulation Elicits pain in affected region to achieve desired analgesic affect Possibly evokes descending pain modulation ◦ Nerve block pain modulation Application of medium-frequency currents creates an action potential failure—Wedenski’s inhibition Wedenski’s inhibition ; dam ...
temporal visual event recognition
... detectors”, such as those found in the superior central sulcus in the ventral visual pathway [2]. How the brain creates prediction signals in general relates to the fundamental question of how the brain represents time. Buonomano [4] discussed the two prevalent views of how this may be – “labeled li ...
... detectors”, such as those found in the superior central sulcus in the ventral visual pathway [2]. How the brain creates prediction signals in general relates to the fundamental question of how the brain represents time. Buonomano [4] discussed the two prevalent views of how this may be – “labeled li ...
Infection Merozoite Surface Protein 1 During Malaria 19
... together with different markers for the developing PNS in stage 16 embryos. To identify neuronal cells, we used the monoclonal antibody 22C10 that labels all PNS neurons (Fujita et al., 1982; Hummel et al., 2000; Roos et al., 2000). We also used antibodies specific for Elav, an RNA binding protein l ...
... together with different markers for the developing PNS in stage 16 embryos. To identify neuronal cells, we used the monoclonal antibody 22C10 that labels all PNS neurons (Fujita et al., 1982; Hummel et al., 2000; Roos et al., 2000). We also used antibodies specific for Elav, an RNA binding protein l ...
Brain Oscillations Control Timing of Single
... Neurosciences, Semel Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095, 4Division of Neurosurgery and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, ...
... Neurosciences, Semel Institute, Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California 90095, 4Division of Neurosurgery and Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, ...
Columnar Organization of Dendrites and Axons of Single and
... projections and their postsynaptic target cells. Earlier Golgi studies described the dendritic morphology of spiny neurons in rodent barrel cortex (Pasternak and Woolsey, 1975; Woolsey et al., 1975; Steffen, 1976; Steffen and van der Loos, 1980; Harris and Woolsey, 1981; Simons and Woolsey, 1984; fo ...
... projections and their postsynaptic target cells. Earlier Golgi studies described the dendritic morphology of spiny neurons in rodent barrel cortex (Pasternak and Woolsey, 1975; Woolsey et al., 1975; Steffen, 1976; Steffen and van der Loos, 1980; Harris and Woolsey, 1981; Simons and Woolsey, 1984; fo ...
Self-organization and interareal networks™in™the™primate cortex
... the developmental process where the gene is expressed, thereby testifying on the one hand to the complexity of the developmental process, and on the other indicating the limitations of the reductionist approach. An alternative but complementary approach is to record events during development in such ...
... the developmental process where the gene is expressed, thereby testifying on the one hand to the complexity of the developmental process, and on the other indicating the limitations of the reductionist approach. An alternative but complementary approach is to record events during development in such ...
Parallel Processing of Appetitive Short- and Long
... projection neurons to the MB and the electric shock carried by dopaminergic neurons [25, 26]. Interestingly, RUT cAMP signaling is required in g neurons to form aversive STM [22, 24] and in ab neurons to form LTM [24], suggesting an independence of these two memory phases. However, several results s ...
... projection neurons to the MB and the electric shock carried by dopaminergic neurons [25, 26]. Interestingly, RUT cAMP signaling is required in g neurons to form aversive STM [22, 24] and in ab neurons to form LTM [24], suggesting an independence of these two memory phases. However, several results s ...
What is the activation-synthesis hypothesis? What is an addiction
... from coca leaves. It has been used as a central nervous system stimulant and ...
... from coca leaves. It has been used as a central nervous system stimulant and ...
Developmental regulation and individual differences of neuronal
... evelopmentally regulated changes in histone modifications and DNA methylation, shaping gene expression patterns and genome organization, are critical intermediates for numerous genetic and environmental factors affecting neuronal functions in healthy and diseased brains (1). For example, there is inc ...
... evelopmentally regulated changes in histone modifications and DNA methylation, shaping gene expression patterns and genome organization, are critical intermediates for numerous genetic and environmental factors affecting neuronal functions in healthy and diseased brains (1). For example, there is inc ...
A Small World of Neuronal Synchrony
... this limitation, both the original and random networks lacked scale-free properties, showing single-scale degree distributions. The same procedure was applied to analyze the sma ...
... this limitation, both the original and random networks lacked scale-free properties, showing single-scale degree distributions. The same procedure was applied to analyze the sma ...
Conduction Velocity and Patellar Reflex Blah A. Blah Partner B
... The purpose of this experiment is to find changes in the conduction velocity based on the patellar reflex as the subject is put through three different conditions: the Jendrassik’s maneuver, mental distraction, and fatigue. The main function of the stretch reflex is to maintain the muscle at a const ...
... The purpose of this experiment is to find changes in the conduction velocity based on the patellar reflex as the subject is put through three different conditions: the Jendrassik’s maneuver, mental distraction, and fatigue. The main function of the stretch reflex is to maintain the muscle at a const ...
Autometallographic Tracing of Bismuth in Human Brain Autopsies
... in large neurons of the motor cortex and cerebellum might explain the frequent clinical presentation of the myoclonic encephalopathy that is seen during bismuth intoxication. In a recent study, a build-up of bismuth clusters in motor neurons in the spinal cord of mice was observed, irrespective of t ...
... in large neurons of the motor cortex and cerebellum might explain the frequent clinical presentation of the myoclonic encephalopathy that is seen during bismuth intoxication. In a recent study, a build-up of bismuth clusters in motor neurons in the spinal cord of mice was observed, irrespective of t ...
Bioscreening, Biophotonics, and Micromanipulation
... Existing large vertebrate animal models currently cannot be used in high-throughput assays for rapid identification of new genes and drug targets because of the size and complexity of the instrumentation with which these models are studied. In recent years, the advantages of using small invertebrate ...
... Existing large vertebrate animal models currently cannot be used in high-throughput assays for rapid identification of new genes and drug targets because of the size and complexity of the instrumentation with which these models are studied. In recent years, the advantages of using small invertebrate ...
Conduction Velocity and Patellar Reflex Blah A. Blah Parter 1
... The purpose of this experiment is to find changes in the conduction velocity based on the patellar reflex as the subject is put through three different conditions: the Jendrassik’s maneuver, mental distraction, and fatigue. The main function of the stretch reflex is to maintain the muscle at a const ...
... The purpose of this experiment is to find changes in the conduction velocity based on the patellar reflex as the subject is put through three different conditions: the Jendrassik’s maneuver, mental distraction, and fatigue. The main function of the stretch reflex is to maintain the muscle at a const ...
The emerging framework of mammalian auditory hindbrain
... (MGN), a thalamic area in the forebrain, before reaching the auditory cortex. Most data concerning the anatomy of the auditory pathway have been obtained in mammalian model systems such as rodents or cats. With respect to hearing disorders, it is important to notice that the basic layout is conserve ...
... (MGN), a thalamic area in the forebrain, before reaching the auditory cortex. Most data concerning the anatomy of the auditory pathway have been obtained in mammalian model systems such as rodents or cats. With respect to hearing disorders, it is important to notice that the basic layout is conserve ...
Supplementary Figure Legends - Word file (28 KB )
... drivers. Confocal images of brain whole mounts were deconvoluted, and virtual crosssections were reconstructed through the MB peduncle proximal and distal to Kenyon cell bodies. See (b) for a schematic representation of the structures labeled. Based upon the plane of the section and proximity to the ...
... drivers. Confocal images of brain whole mounts were deconvoluted, and virtual crosssections were reconstructed through the MB peduncle proximal and distal to Kenyon cell bodies. See (b) for a schematic representation of the structures labeled. Based upon the plane of the section and proximity to the ...
Expression of the zebrafish gene hlx
... A wide range of different transcription factors are expressed during development of the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS). One important class consists of the homeodomain proteins encoded by genes in the Hox complexes, which probably specify anteroposterior positions of cells in the nervous sy ...
... A wide range of different transcription factors are expressed during development of the vertebrate central nervous system (CNS). One important class consists of the homeodomain proteins encoded by genes in the Hox complexes, which probably specify anteroposterior positions of cells in the nervous sy ...
Neuroanatomy
Neuroanatomy is the study of the anatomy and stereotyped organization of nervous systems. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems, and thus we can make much more precise statements about their neuroanatomy. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or ""lesions"" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.For information about the composition of animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain or peripheral nervous system. This article discusses information pertinent to the study of neuroanatomy.