Using calcium imaging to understand function and learning in L2/3
... Sensory information is encoded with sparse spiking in rodent sensory cortex, but the organization and functional basis of this sparse code is not well understood. I conducted two studies to characterize fu ...
... Sensory information is encoded with sparse spiking in rodent sensory cortex, but the organization and functional basis of this sparse code is not well understood. I conducted two studies to characterize fu ...
NK1 receptor-expressing spinoparabrachial neurons trigger diffuse
... feature of DNIC is that they are subserved by a loop that involves supraspinal structures that have not yet been identified. Using behavioral, in vivo extracellular electrophysiological and anatomical approaches, we studied the neuronal network underlying DNIC. Using a new behavioral model of DNIC, i ...
... feature of DNIC is that they are subserved by a loop that involves supraspinal structures that have not yet been identified. Using behavioral, in vivo extracellular electrophysiological and anatomical approaches, we studied the neuronal network underlying DNIC. Using a new behavioral model of DNIC, i ...
Arabidopsis thaliana, a plant model organism for
... reflect the function of individual neurons which are highly specialized cells, neural tissues made up of many neurons function as an entity possibly in much the same way as a plant. It is also possible that within each plant cell there are microtubule-based domains which are each analogous to a sing ...
... reflect the function of individual neurons which are highly specialized cells, neural tissues made up of many neurons function as an entity possibly in much the same way as a plant. It is also possible that within each plant cell there are microtubule-based domains which are each analogous to a sing ...
PAIN CONTROL THEORIES
... “An unpleasant sensory & emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage” – The International Association for the Study of Pain ...
... “An unpleasant sensory & emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage, or described in terms of such damage” – The International Association for the Study of Pain ...
A Motion-sensitive Area in Ferret Extrastriate
... The two visual stimuli used consisted of large area random dot patterns (43 horizontal, 39 vertical extent; dot size was 1 at a mean interdot distance of 4.5; contrast was 0.975; dots: 65 cd/m2; background: 0.8 cd/m2) for appropriate ‘full field’ stimulation. These two patterns moved either on a ...
... The two visual stimuli used consisted of large area random dot patterns (43 horizontal, 39 vertical extent; dot size was 1 at a mean interdot distance of 4.5; contrast was 0.975; dots: 65 cd/m2; background: 0.8 cd/m2) for appropriate ‘full field’ stimulation. These two patterns moved either on a ...
Development of GAP-43 mRNA in the macaque cerebral cortex
... representative growth-associated protein that increases in accordance with axonal elongation. The amounts of mRNA, protein, and phosphorylation of GAP-43 increase during regeneration after injury and also during normal development of the central and the peripheral nervous systems Žfor review, see w6 ...
... representative growth-associated protein that increases in accordance with axonal elongation. The amounts of mRNA, protein, and phosphorylation of GAP-43 increase during regeneration after injury and also during normal development of the central and the peripheral nervous systems Žfor review, see w6 ...
Dopamine Modulates the Activity of Sensory Hair Cells
... The neurotransmitter dopamine acts in a paracrine fashion (diffusion over a short distance) in several tissues and bodily organs, influencing and regulating their activity. The cellular target and mechanism of the action of dopamine in mechanosensory organs, such as the inner ear and lateral-line or ...
... The neurotransmitter dopamine acts in a paracrine fashion (diffusion over a short distance) in several tissues and bodily organs, influencing and regulating their activity. The cellular target and mechanism of the action of dopamine in mechanosensory organs, such as the inner ear and lateral-line or ...
Rapid eye movement sleep deprivation induces an increase in
... pons and thalamus, without affecting the enzymes activity in the striatum, hippocampus or cerebral cortex. The present data agree with the reported heterogeneous distribution of Achase activity in different regions of the rats brain (8,9) and they also indicate the need to carry out assays in disc ...
... pons and thalamus, without affecting the enzymes activity in the striatum, hippocampus or cerebral cortex. The present data agree with the reported heterogeneous distribution of Achase activity in different regions of the rats brain (8,9) and they also indicate the need to carry out assays in disc ...
Depth Perception
... Prazdny offered a specific laboratory test using a random-dot stereogram in which the background plane is transparent, and where two depths, one from low and one from high spatial frequencies, can be observed simultaneously. He concludes that patches of the visual field may be fused and then held "l ...
... Prazdny offered a specific laboratory test using a random-dot stereogram in which the background plane is transparent, and where two depths, one from low and one from high spatial frequencies, can be observed simultaneously. He concludes that patches of the visual field may be fused and then held "l ...
The Motor System of the Cortex and the Brain Stem
... arms (more generally, forelimbs) and legs (more generally, hindlimbs) show enlargements associated with an increasing number and size of neurons and fibers: the cervical enlargement for the arms and the lumbar enlargement for the legs. Each segment is labeled and numbered according to its order, fro ...
... arms (more generally, forelimbs) and legs (more generally, hindlimbs) show enlargements associated with an increasing number and size of neurons and fibers: the cervical enlargement for the arms and the lumbar enlargement for the legs. Each segment is labeled and numbered according to its order, fro ...
Deciphering a neural code for vision
... generator potential was further decremented by a putative electrogenic pump (28, 29) and converted into a train of nerve impulses with a leaky integrate-and-fire encoder at a rate of 1 impulseymV above a threshold of 1 mV (30). Computed trains of impulses were expressed as instantaneous firing rates ...
... generator potential was further decremented by a putative electrogenic pump (28, 29) and converted into a train of nerve impulses with a leaky integrate-and-fire encoder at a rate of 1 impulseymV above a threshold of 1 mV (30). Computed trains of impulses were expressed as instantaneous firing rates ...
Spinal Cord - Sydney University Medical Society
... pain and temperature) and the fibres that are associated with them (e.g. I, II, III) ...
... pain and temperature) and the fibres that are associated with them (e.g. I, II, III) ...
Chapter 2
... An understanding of the neuronal organization of the inferior colliculus (IC) requires an exploration of how the types of neurons, the microcircuitry, and the synaptic organization of the IC interact to define functional zones. The IC was originally divided using anatomical methods to identify the n ...
... An understanding of the neuronal organization of the inferior colliculus (IC) requires an exploration of how the types of neurons, the microcircuitry, and the synaptic organization of the IC interact to define functional zones. The IC was originally divided using anatomical methods to identify the n ...
Kenedy,Dehay Cell-cycle control and cortical development
... highest level of sophistication in the mammalian cortex. The functional architecture of the six-layered cortex with its compartmentalization into discrete, specialized areas characterized by a particular connectivity and cellular composition, constitutes the framework in which this computation is im ...
... highest level of sophistication in the mammalian cortex. The functional architecture of the six-layered cortex with its compartmentalization into discrete, specialized areas characterized by a particular connectivity and cellular composition, constitutes the framework in which this computation is im ...
Chapter 7 | Pigments and Minerals
... pigment. Two methods are commonly used: The Masson-Fontana silver method and Schmorl’s ferric ferricyanide reaction. ...
... pigment. Two methods are commonly used: The Masson-Fontana silver method and Schmorl’s ferric ferricyanide reaction. ...
Cell-cycle control and cortical development - Stem
... highest level of sophistication in the mammalian cortex. The functional architecture of the six-layered cortex with its compartmentalization into discrete, specialized areas characterized by a particular connectivity and cellular composition, constitutes the framework in which this computation is im ...
... highest level of sophistication in the mammalian cortex. The functional architecture of the six-layered cortex with its compartmentalization into discrete, specialized areas characterized by a particular connectivity and cellular composition, constitutes the framework in which this computation is im ...
A Self-Organizing Neural Network for Contour Integration through Synchronized Firing
... Whether contour integration occurs or not in the model depends on whether the cortical areas are connected with excitatory lateral connections or not. The model therefore suggests an explanation for the different contour integration capability of the different visual areas: integration is possible o ...
... Whether contour integration occurs or not in the model depends on whether the cortical areas are connected with excitatory lateral connections or not. The model therefore suggests an explanation for the different contour integration capability of the different visual areas: integration is possible o ...
9.14 Homework Assignment 3 Worksheets
... and to the VTA enabled control of or influence on moods/motivations crucial for survival: defensive, aggressive, sexual. Activation of these areas is accompanied by feelings of pain (CGA) or pleasure (VTA). ...
... and to the VTA enabled control of or influence on moods/motivations crucial for survival: defensive, aggressive, sexual. Activation of these areas is accompanied by feelings of pain (CGA) or pleasure (VTA). ...
Neuroanatomy lecture (1) Introduction: Neuroanatomy has two parts
... superior border of the hemisphere, the fissure of Rolando (central sulcus) is start. The frontal gyrus in front of this sulcus is the precentral (motor cortex), while the parietal gyrus behind the sulcus is the postcentral gyrus (somatosensory cortex). The central sulcus extends to medial surface of ...
... superior border of the hemisphere, the fissure of Rolando (central sulcus) is start. The frontal gyrus in front of this sulcus is the precentral (motor cortex), while the parietal gyrus behind the sulcus is the postcentral gyrus (somatosensory cortex). The central sulcus extends to medial surface of ...
Nose, Nerve – Atrophy
... and number, or complete loss in severe cases (Figure 3), of the olfactory nerves. Atrophy of the olfactory nerves (Figure 1, Figure 2, and Figure 3; compare with normal control in Figure 4) is secondary to loss of olfactory nerve cells from the olfactory epithelium or to damage to the olfactory bulb ...
... and number, or complete loss in severe cases (Figure 3), of the olfactory nerves. Atrophy of the olfactory nerves (Figure 1, Figure 2, and Figure 3; compare with normal control in Figure 4) is secondary to loss of olfactory nerve cells from the olfactory epithelium or to damage to the olfactory bulb ...
Increased responses in trigeminocervical nociceptive neurons to cervical input after
... The receptive ®eld of each neuron was tested systematically using a range of different stimuli. The cutaneous facial and cervical receptive ®eld, including the cornea, was assessed in all three trigeminal innervation territories and upper cervical roots, respectively. Additionally, input from subocc ...
... The receptive ®eld of each neuron was tested systematically using a range of different stimuli. The cutaneous facial and cervical receptive ®eld, including the cornea, was assessed in all three trigeminal innervation territories and upper cervical roots, respectively. Additionally, input from subocc ...
Combinatorial Complexity of 5 Alternative
... usage and alternative splicing variations. By alignment of expression sequence tags (ESTs)1 against genomic sequences, for example, it is possible to explore the different alternatively spliced products of a single gene (3, 4). However, EST data bases are biased toward the 3⬘ end of mRNAs and occasi ...
... usage and alternative splicing variations. By alignment of expression sequence tags (ESTs)1 against genomic sequences, for example, it is possible to explore the different alternatively spliced products of a single gene (3, 4). However, EST data bases are biased toward the 3⬘ end of mRNAs and occasi ...
16-2 The Sympathetic Division
... • Change activities of tissues and organs by: • Releasing NE at peripheral synapses • Target specific effectors, smooth muscle fibers in blood vessels of skin • Are activated in reflexes • Do not involve other visceral effectors ...
... • Change activities of tissues and organs by: • Releasing NE at peripheral synapses • Target specific effectors, smooth muscle fibers in blood vessels of skin • Are activated in reflexes • Do not involve other visceral effectors ...
Copy of the full paper
... and Huxley (1952) model (HH). Each ionic channel (Sodium: Na, Potassium: K. . . ) is represented by a time- and voltage-dependent conductance: this electrophysiological description makes these models particularly well suited to an implementation involving analog electronics. Hodgkin–Huxley derived m ...
... and Huxley (1952) model (HH). Each ionic channel (Sodium: Na, Potassium: K. . . ) is represented by a time- and voltage-dependent conductance: this electrophysiological description makes these models particularly well suited to an implementation involving analog electronics. Hodgkin–Huxley derived m ...
Perception of Motion, Depth, and Form
... a random assortment of equally connected areas.There is substantial evidence for two major processing pathways, a dorsal one to the posterior parietal cortex and a ventral one to the inferior temporal cortex, but other pathways may also exist. Second, there is strong evidence that the processingin t ...
... a random assortment of equally connected areas.There is substantial evidence for two major processing pathways, a dorsal one to the posterior parietal cortex and a ventral one to the inferior temporal cortex, but other pathways may also exist. Second, there is strong evidence that the processingin t ...
Neuroanatomy
Neuroanatomy is the study of the anatomy and stereotyped organization of nervous systems. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems, and thus we can make much more precise statements about their neuroanatomy. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or ""lesions"" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.For information about the composition of animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain or peripheral nervous system. This article discusses information pertinent to the study of neuroanatomy.