Biophysics of Extracellular Action Potentials
... The goal of this thesis is to analyze the generation of single unit extracellular action potentials (EAPs), and to explore pertinent issues in the interpretation of EAP recordings. I use the line source approximation to model the EAP produced by individual neurons. I compare simultaneous intracellul ...
... The goal of this thesis is to analyze the generation of single unit extracellular action potentials (EAPs), and to explore pertinent issues in the interpretation of EAP recordings. I use the line source approximation to model the EAP produced by individual neurons. I compare simultaneous intracellul ...
Differential GABAB Receptor Modulation of Ethanol Effects on
... an interpulse interval of 30 or 50 ms. Both intervals gave similar results, so data from both conditions were combined for the data analysis. The amplitudes of the evoked responses were measured, and the paired-pulse index (PPI) was calculated as the ratio of the two responses (second/first). Curve ...
... an interpulse interval of 30 or 50 ms. Both intervals gave similar results, so data from both conditions were combined for the data analysis. The amplitudes of the evoked responses were measured, and the paired-pulse index (PPI) was calculated as the ratio of the two responses (second/first). Curve ...
Progressive Mitochondrial Compromise in Brains
... peripheral blood, taken from NRTI-exposed but HIV-1– uninfected infants (Divi et al., 2004; Poirier et al., 2003; Shiramizu et al., 2003). In addition, depletion of leukocyte mtDNA in peripheral blood was found to persist in HIV-1– uninfected 2-year-old children born to HIV-1–infected mothers receiv ...
... peripheral blood, taken from NRTI-exposed but HIV-1– uninfected infants (Divi et al., 2004; Poirier et al., 2003; Shiramizu et al., 2003). In addition, depletion of leukocyte mtDNA in peripheral blood was found to persist in HIV-1– uninfected 2-year-old children born to HIV-1–infected mothers receiv ...
Neurobiological mechanisms of puberty in higher primates
... inspection it becomes clear that such a paradigm is not always the most appropriate, particularly when the neurobiological basis of the onset of puberty is being examined. This is because the resurgence of GnRH pulsatility that activates gonadarche results concomitantly in a dramatic and progressive ...
... inspection it becomes clear that such a paradigm is not always the most appropriate, particularly when the neurobiological basis of the onset of puberty is being examined. This is because the resurgence of GnRH pulsatility that activates gonadarche results concomitantly in a dramatic and progressive ...
GLUCOCORTICOIDS INCREASE CNS INFLAMMATION
... GR is increased. It is not until a sustained, major stressor that GR occupancy is saturated. Thus, MR is responsible for much of the effects of basal and low-stress levels of GCs (i.e. the permissive effects), whereas GR largely mediates the effects of high stress GC levels. This, combined with the ...
... GR is increased. It is not until a sustained, major stressor that GR occupancy is saturated. Thus, MR is responsible for much of the effects of basal and low-stress levels of GCs (i.e. the permissive effects), whereas GR largely mediates the effects of high stress GC levels. This, combined with the ...
Structure of Receptive Fields in Area 3b of Primary Somatosensory
... et al., 1991). On each recording day, a multielectrode microdrive (Mountcastle et al., 1991) was loaded with seven quartz-coated platinum /tungsten (90/10) electrodes (diameter, 80 mm; tip diameter, 4 mm; and impedance, 1–5 MV at 1000 Hz). Each electrode was coated with one of three fluorescent dyes ...
... et al., 1991). On each recording day, a multielectrode microdrive (Mountcastle et al., 1991) was loaded with seven quartz-coated platinum /tungsten (90/10) electrodes (diameter, 80 mm; tip diameter, 4 mm; and impedance, 1–5 MV at 1000 Hz). Each electrode was coated with one of three fluorescent dyes ...
Applications of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve State-of-the-Art Update
... similar study with patients who had undergone abdominal surgery.4 Thirty patients used actual TENS and 22 patients used sham units for one hour every four hours for the first three postoperative days. Patients were permitted to request pain medication after 30 minutes of TENS treatment if the treatm ...
... similar study with patients who had undergone abdominal surgery.4 Thirty patients used actual TENS and 22 patients used sham units for one hour every four hours for the first three postoperative days. Patients were permitted to request pain medication after 30 minutes of TENS treatment if the treatm ...
Ear manipulations help model neuroplasticity limitations
... Connecting Sensory Organs with the Central Nervous System Sensory organs send information about the outside world to specified nuclei in the central nervous system (CNS). In turn, the CNS sends information back to certain sensory organs to modulate the incoming signal. For example, the retina of man ...
... Connecting Sensory Organs with the Central Nervous System Sensory organs send information about the outside world to specified nuclei in the central nervous system (CNS). In turn, the CNS sends information back to certain sensory organs to modulate the incoming signal. For example, the retina of man ...
Delineation of a frequency-organized region isolated from the
... is the representative recipient of information from the ears in the mammalian cortex. However, the delineation of the AI is still controversial in a mouse. Recently, it was reported, using optical imaging, that two distinct areas of the AI, located ventrally and dorsally, are activated by high-frequ ...
... is the representative recipient of information from the ears in the mammalian cortex. However, the delineation of the AI is still controversial in a mouse. Recently, it was reported, using optical imaging, that two distinct areas of the AI, located ventrally and dorsally, are activated by high-frequ ...
A decade of the anaphase-promoting complex in the nervous system
... While studies of Cdc20–APC and Cdh1–APC have occupied the leading edge of cell cycle research since its identification in the mid 1990s, early clues suggested that the anaphase-promoting complex might also have functions in post-mitotic tissues beyond the control of the cell cycle. Components of Cdh ...
... While studies of Cdc20–APC and Cdh1–APC have occupied the leading edge of cell cycle research since its identification in the mid 1990s, early clues suggested that the anaphase-promoting complex might also have functions in post-mitotic tissues beyond the control of the cell cycle. Components of Cdh ...
Neuromorphic computing
... How can we integrate brain models with robotic platforms? • spiking neural network should be integrated alongside classic robot controllers, relieving them of some computation • bio-inspired brain models works well for processing of data coming from bio-inspire ...
... How can we integrate brain models with robotic platforms? • spiking neural network should be integrated alongside classic robot controllers, relieving them of some computation • bio-inspired brain models works well for processing of data coming from bio-inspire ...
Fluctuations in Perceptual Decisions Panagiota Theodoni
... word in science. How could we study subjectivity objectively? This was the main obstacle, since objectivation is a “pillar” of science, although debatable (Schrödinger 1967). The bridge to this gap came, in the second half of 19th century, from Franz Brentano who suggested three different forms of c ...
... word in science. How could we study subjectivity objectively? This was the main obstacle, since objectivation is a “pillar” of science, although debatable (Schrödinger 1967). The bridge to this gap came, in the second half of 19th century, from Franz Brentano who suggested three different forms of c ...
Tuning Curve Shift by Attention Modulation in Cortical Neurons: a
... In order to quantify the effects of attention on the receptive field of a neuron, we define two quantities: the receptive field shift and the shrinking factor. Without attention, the neuron at x has a symmetric, bell-shaped receptive field and its maximum response occurs when the stimulus is presented a ...
... In order to quantify the effects of attention on the receptive field of a neuron, we define two quantities: the receptive field shift and the shrinking factor. Without attention, the neuron at x has a symmetric, bell-shaped receptive field and its maximum response occurs when the stimulus is presented a ...
ORGANIZATION OF CORTICAL AFFERENTS TO THE FRONTAL
... of FAC afferents in the dog was discussed in comparison with ather species. INTRODUCTION ...
... of FAC afferents in the dog was discussed in comparison with ather species. INTRODUCTION ...
Circuitry and Function of the Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus
... HRTFs are smooth in shape. The change in gain means that the sound is louder as the source moves toward the ear; this effect produces a difference in interaural sound level, called an interaural level difference (ILD), as the sound source moves away from the midline. For example, if the speaker were ...
... HRTFs are smooth in shape. The change in gain means that the sound is louder as the source moves toward the ear; this effect produces a difference in interaural sound level, called an interaural level difference (ILD), as the sound source moves away from the midline. For example, if the speaker were ...
Olfaction
... Recognition profiles for some odorants. Large dots indicate that the odorant causes a high firing rate for the receptor listed along the top; small dots indicate lower firing rates for the receptor. The structures of the compounds are shown on the right. ...
... Recognition profiles for some odorants. Large dots indicate that the odorant causes a high firing rate for the receptor listed along the top; small dots indicate lower firing rates for the receptor. The structures of the compounds are shown on the right. ...
Effects of Brain Damage (cont`d.)
... heart rate and inhibit salivation and digestion © 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in wh ...
... heart rate and inhibit salivation and digestion © 2013 Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved. This edition is intended for use outside of the U.S. only, with content that may be different from the U.S. Edition. May not be scanned, copied, duplicated, or posted to a publicly accessible website, in wh ...
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor in the development of epilepsy
... Abstract Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases, but our understanding of the detailed cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying it remains incomplete. Several pathological changes typically occur in the epileptic brain, including neuronal loss, neurogenesis, neurite growth, and ...
... Abstract Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological diseases, but our understanding of the detailed cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying it remains incomplete. Several pathological changes typically occur in the epileptic brain, including neuronal loss, neurogenesis, neurite growth, and ...
Prefrontal Projections to the Thalamic Reticular Nucleus
... projections from temporal auditory, visual, and polymodal association cortices. Population analysis and serial EM reconstruction revealed two distinct classes of corticoreticular terminals synapsing with GABA/parvalbumin-positive dendritic shafts of TRN neurons. Most labeled boutons from prefrontal ...
... projections from temporal auditory, visual, and polymodal association cortices. Population analysis and serial EM reconstruction revealed two distinct classes of corticoreticular terminals synapsing with GABA/parvalbumin-positive dendritic shafts of TRN neurons. Most labeled boutons from prefrontal ...
Descending motor pathways and the spinal
... neck The upper portion of the trapezius muscle, the clavotrapezius, overlies all dorsal neck muscles and acts as an extensor and rotator of the head. All three superficial muscles are innervated by the spinal accessory nerve. Several reports exist on the location of the neck muscle motoneuronal cell ...
... neck The upper portion of the trapezius muscle, the clavotrapezius, overlies all dorsal neck muscles and acts as an extensor and rotator of the head. All three superficial muscles are innervated by the spinal accessory nerve. Several reports exist on the location of the neck muscle motoneuronal cell ...
Disruption of experience-dependent synaptic modifications in striate
... development. Accordingly, these properties may be modified by experimental manipulations of the visual environment during a postnatal period, which, in the cat, extends from 3 weeks to 3 months of age (Hubel and Wiesel, 1970). For example, prolonged deprivation of visual patterns during the sensitiv ...
... development. Accordingly, these properties may be modified by experimental manipulations of the visual environment during a postnatal period, which, in the cat, extends from 3 weeks to 3 months of age (Hubel and Wiesel, 1970). For example, prolonged deprivation of visual patterns during the sensitiv ...
Neurotransmitters, Drugs and Brain Function Wiley
... After an overview of neurotransmitter systems and function and a consideration of which substances can be classified as neurotransmitters, section A deals with their release, effects on neuronal excitability and receptor interaction. The synaptic physiology and pharmacology and possible brain functi ...
... After an overview of neurotransmitter systems and function and a consideration of which substances can be classified as neurotransmitters, section A deals with their release, effects on neuronal excitability and receptor interaction. The synaptic physiology and pharmacology and possible brain functi ...
Inhibitory Plasticity Balances Excitation and Inhibition in Sensory
... Downloaded from www.sciencemag.org on January 18, 2012 ...
... Downloaded from www.sciencemag.org on January 18, 2012 ...
Using light to tell the time of day: sensory coding in the mammalian
... horizon. Note that, in addition to the pronounced difference in the amount of light, there is also a substantial change in spectral composition, with reduced middle-wavelength (‘green-yellow’) light at negative solar angles. (B) Sensitivity profiles of the four visual opsin proteins responsible for ...
... horizon. Note that, in addition to the pronounced difference in the amount of light, there is also a substantial change in spectral composition, with reduced middle-wavelength (‘green-yellow’) light at negative solar angles. (B) Sensitivity profiles of the four visual opsin proteins responsible for ...
Motor Resonance Meets Motor Performance - Unitn
... premotor areas were present anterior to Brodmann‘s area 4 and that Brodmann‘s area 6 portion of the cortex is not functionally segregated from area 4 but it constitutes a unique complex in which proximal and axial movements are represented. A separate representation of body movements would be found, ...
... premotor areas were present anterior to Brodmann‘s area 4 and that Brodmann‘s area 6 portion of the cortex is not functionally segregated from area 4 but it constitutes a unique complex in which proximal and axial movements are represented. A separate representation of body movements would be found, ...
Neuroanatomy
Neuroanatomy is the study of the anatomy and stereotyped organization of nervous systems. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems, and thus we can make much more precise statements about their neuroanatomy. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or ""lesions"" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.For information about the composition of animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain or peripheral nervous system. This article discusses information pertinent to the study of neuroanatomy.