Volumetric Two-photon Imaging of Neurons Using
... single plane imaging is N frames/sec, and the number of planes imaged per volume in m, then the aggregate volume frame rate is reduced to N {m. Many calcium indicators have on-response kinetics below 0.1 s [12]. To capture this dynamics, volume frame rates must remain close to 10 Hz. With current re ...
... single plane imaging is N frames/sec, and the number of planes imaged per volume in m, then the aggregate volume frame rate is reduced to N {m. Many calcium indicators have on-response kinetics below 0.1 s [12]. To capture this dynamics, volume frame rates must remain close to 10 Hz. With current re ...
Control of echolocation pulses by neurons of the nucleus ambiguus
... rostrally in the nucleus ambiguus, 450 pm from the caudal pole of the facial nerve nucleus, and thus included parts of the rostral SLN-area. Efferent projections In all experiments, fibers which were labelled took their origin at the injection site and travelled in different directions, sometimes co ...
... rostrally in the nucleus ambiguus, 450 pm from the caudal pole of the facial nerve nucleus, and thus included parts of the rostral SLN-area. Efferent projections In all experiments, fibers which were labelled took their origin at the injection site and travelled in different directions, sometimes co ...
How PACAP CeA Infusion Alters Mechanical and Thermal Sensitivity
... demonstrated that most of these neurons were located in the CeLC, while few neurons in the central (CeL) and medial (CeM) division of the CeA responded to nociceptive stimulation. This gave rise to the name “nociceptive amygdala” to define the CeLC (Neugebauer et al., 2004). In vivo electrophysiolog ...
... demonstrated that most of these neurons were located in the CeLC, while few neurons in the central (CeL) and medial (CeM) division of the CeA responded to nociceptive stimulation. This gave rise to the name “nociceptive amygdala” to define the CeLC (Neugebauer et al., 2004). In vivo electrophysiolog ...
Obesity and Appetite Control
... the central nervous system (CNS), such as the hypothalamus and the brainstem. In this article, we will summarise our current understanding of the physiological interactions between the gut and brain, termed the “gut-brain axis,” focussing particularly on the interactions of gut hormones with the CNS ...
... the central nervous system (CNS), such as the hypothalamus and the brainstem. In this article, we will summarise our current understanding of the physiological interactions between the gut and brain, termed the “gut-brain axis,” focussing particularly on the interactions of gut hormones with the CNS ...
The neural mechanisms of perceptual filling-in
... above are clearly incomplete, these and other similar examples suggest that filling-in is not a result of merely ignoring some region of the visual field; instead it involves active neural processes. ...
... above are clearly incomplete, these and other similar examples suggest that filling-in is not a result of merely ignoring some region of the visual field; instead it involves active neural processes. ...
Spike train propagation in the axon of a visual interneuron,... Locusta migratoria
... energy consumption based on anatomical and physical data supports the idea that a comparatively small amount of energy is required to maintain the vegetative metabolism of a neuron. It also highlights the validity of the postulate that down-regulation of signaling is an adaptive response to conserve ...
... energy consumption based on anatomical and physical data supports the idea that a comparatively small amount of energy is required to maintain the vegetative metabolism of a neuron. It also highlights the validity of the postulate that down-regulation of signaling is an adaptive response to conserve ...
Neural correlates of stimulus–response and response–outcome
... and movements should be represented in dorsomedial but not dorsolateral striatum, whereas associations between cues and responses, independent of reward value, should be represented in neural activity in dorsolateral but not dorsomedial striatum. Additionally, neural activity in dorsomedial striatum ...
... and movements should be represented in dorsomedial but not dorsolateral striatum, whereas associations between cues and responses, independent of reward value, should be represented in neural activity in dorsolateral but not dorsomedial striatum. Additionally, neural activity in dorsomedial striatum ...
NIH Public Access
... transition. A number of cyclosporine A analogues have been developed that are more potent against the permeability transition while being less active as immuno-suppressants and calcineurin inhibitors [48-51] and can therefore provide less ambiguous information on the permeability transition in intac ...
... transition. A number of cyclosporine A analogues have been developed that are more potent against the permeability transition while being less active as immuno-suppressants and calcineurin inhibitors [48-51] and can therefore provide less ambiguous information on the permeability transition in intac ...
Temporal modulation of the dynamics of neuronal networks with
... erring among innitely recurrent integral equations. I should also thank Skander Mensi and Christian Pozzorini; they were my rst instructors for the Generalized Linear Model approach, they kindly shared their data with me, and were very patient in answering my many questions. Finally, I am very gr ...
... erring among innitely recurrent integral equations. I should also thank Skander Mensi and Christian Pozzorini; they were my rst instructors for the Generalized Linear Model approach, they kindly shared their data with me, and were very patient in answering my many questions. Finally, I am very gr ...
Zebrafish foxd3 is selectively required for neural crest specification
... foxd3 expression into the chick neural tube, suggest foxd3 may play a more important role during neural crest migration, by regulating the expression of cell–cell adhesion molecules (Cheung et al., 2005). Together, these studies indicate the importance of Foxd3 during neural crest development, but t ...
... foxd3 expression into the chick neural tube, suggest foxd3 may play a more important role during neural crest migration, by regulating the expression of cell–cell adhesion molecules (Cheung et al., 2005). Together, these studies indicate the importance of Foxd3 during neural crest development, but t ...
AP-Chapter-10-Part-2 - McLaren
... Lobes of the Brain • There is a section of the brain, the insula, deep inside the temporal lobes that is often listed as the fifth lobe, but is not visible on the surface of the cerebrum. • Much of the information coming into your brain is contralateral, meaning that the right side of your body is ...
... Lobes of the Brain • There is a section of the brain, the insula, deep inside the temporal lobes that is often listed as the fifth lobe, but is not visible on the surface of the cerebrum. • Much of the information coming into your brain is contralateral, meaning that the right side of your body is ...
Ethanol Facilitates Glutamatergic Transmission to Dopamine
... Department of Anesthesiology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA; 2Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA; 3Department of Neurobiology, David ...
... Department of Anesthesiology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA; 2Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, New Jersey Medical School, Newark, NJ, USA; 3Department of Neurobiology, David ...
Wasp Voodoo Rituals, Venom-Cocktails, and the Zombification of Cockroach Hosts SYMPOSIUM Frederic Libersat
... inactivates central motor circuits to block motor output in the cockroach’s forelegs for 1–2 min (Moore et al. 2006), facilitating a second and longer sting, through the host’s neck and into its head. Then, after the head-sting is complete, the wasp leaves for roughly 30 min in search of a nest suit ...
... inactivates central motor circuits to block motor output in the cockroach’s forelegs for 1–2 min (Moore et al. 2006), facilitating a second and longer sting, through the host’s neck and into its head. Then, after the head-sting is complete, the wasp leaves for roughly 30 min in search of a nest suit ...
SLEEP
... survival, are REM independent; but activities involving assimilation of unusual information require REM sleep for optimal consolidation” (Greenberg and Pearlman 1974 p.516) Perhaps simpler tasks don’t need REM sleep but complex ones do or new knowledge do (Pearlman, 1979; Stickgold, 2001) ...
... survival, are REM independent; but activities involving assimilation of unusual information require REM sleep for optimal consolidation” (Greenberg and Pearlman 1974 p.516) Perhaps simpler tasks don’t need REM sleep but complex ones do or new knowledge do (Pearlman, 1979; Stickgold, 2001) ...
The Structure of Pairwise Correlation in Mouse Primary Visual
... All procedures were done within the guidelines of the National Institutes of Health and were approved by the University of Pennsylvania Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Adult C57/B6 mice (8– 24 weeks) were initially sedated with a mixture of xylazine (10 mg/kg) and fentanyl (10 µg/kg); a ...
... All procedures were done within the guidelines of the National Institutes of Health and were approved by the University of Pennsylvania Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Adult C57/B6 mice (8– 24 weeks) were initially sedated with a mixture of xylazine (10 mg/kg) and fentanyl (10 µg/kg); a ...
The importance of Wnt signalling for neurodegeneration in
... In the canonical Wnt pathway (left), binding of extracellular Wnt ligand to Fz receptors and LRP5/6 co-receptors induces an intracellular cascade transduced via DVL proteins. This signal leads to the inhibition of a subset of cellular GSK3β, contained within so-called BDCs (β-catenin destruction com ...
... In the canonical Wnt pathway (left), binding of extracellular Wnt ligand to Fz receptors and LRP5/6 co-receptors induces an intracellular cascade transduced via DVL proteins. This signal leads to the inhibition of a subset of cellular GSK3β, contained within so-called BDCs (β-catenin destruction com ...
Anatomy of Neuropsychiatry : The New Anatomy of the
... by the diverse, seemingly kaleidoscopic range of behavioral effects produced by such lesions, he deduced that little of value could come of such experiments without some means of comparing different lesions with each other in terms of how much and which brain structures were destroyed. But, then, of ...
... by the diverse, seemingly kaleidoscopic range of behavioral effects produced by such lesions, he deduced that little of value could come of such experiments without some means of comparing different lesions with each other in terms of how much and which brain structures were destroyed. But, then, of ...
... cell polarization and axon elongation............................................................................. 122 VI. CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................ 125 VII. REFERENCE LIST ............................ ...
Histamine in the Nervous System
... sor involved in feeding-related arousal, has long been known to be histaminergic (38, 156, 459, 653, 808). Histamine immunohistochemistry has identified cell clusters triggering the respiratory pumping as well as many further neurons in all central ganglia (150). Histamine induces excitatory and inh ...
... sor involved in feeding-related arousal, has long been known to be histaminergic (38, 156, 459, 653, 808). Histamine immunohistochemistry has identified cell clusters triggering the respiratory pumping as well as many further neurons in all central ganglia (150). Histamine induces excitatory and inh ...
Overview - Sinauer Associates
... (Box 5A). These have led to the identification of more than 100 different neurotransmitters, which can be classified into two broad categories: small-molecule neurotransmitters and neuropeptides (see Chapter 6). Having more than one transmitter diversifies the physiological repertoire of synapses. ...
... (Box 5A). These have led to the identification of more than 100 different neurotransmitters, which can be classified into two broad categories: small-molecule neurotransmitters and neuropeptides (see Chapter 6). Having more than one transmitter diversifies the physiological repertoire of synapses. ...
Region-specific requirement for cholesterol
... potency of Shh. It has been shown that ShhN isolated from tissue culture cells can induce ectopic ventral cell types in neural explants with comparable or higher efficiency than ShhNp at similar concentration (Feng et al., 2004). Instead, the cholesterol moiety appears to affect the range of Hh spre ...
... potency of Shh. It has been shown that ShhN isolated from tissue culture cells can induce ectopic ventral cell types in neural explants with comparable or higher efficiency than ShhNp at similar concentration (Feng et al., 2004). Instead, the cholesterol moiety appears to affect the range of Hh spre ...
[Ca2+]c dynamics in spontaneously firing dopamine neurons of the
... Glutamate-mediated rises in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) are of the ultimate importance for neuronal excitability (Nakanishi, 1992; Berridge, 1998); they also play a crucial role in the outgrowth of dendrites and axons, neuronal differentiation, synaptic remodeling and plasticity (Col ...
... Glutamate-mediated rises in cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) are of the ultimate importance for neuronal excitability (Nakanishi, 1992; Berridge, 1998); they also play a crucial role in the outgrowth of dendrites and axons, neuronal differentiation, synaptic remodeling and plasticity (Col ...
Neurally Plausible Model of Robot Reaching Inspired by Infant
... inputs during our weekly meetings. I appreciate that he would always answer my questions and correct my mistakes without judgment. Also, I would like to thank the members of my Ph.D. committee, Dr. Daniela Corbetta, Dr. James Plank and Dr. Lynne Parker, for their valuable and constructive feedback o ...
... inputs during our weekly meetings. I appreciate that he would always answer my questions and correct my mistakes without judgment. Also, I would like to thank the members of my Ph.D. committee, Dr. Daniela Corbetta, Dr. James Plank and Dr. Lynne Parker, for their valuable and constructive feedback o ...
A computational model of action selection in the basal ganglia. I. A
... and Hazrati 1993, 1995). The current study incorporates a modi®cation of this scheme as one of its central components. However, we go on to explore its function quantitatively, suggest a novel role for the GPe, and demonstrate how the dopaminergic modulation of striatum may operate in the context of ...
... and Hazrati 1993, 1995). The current study incorporates a modi®cation of this scheme as one of its central components. However, we go on to explore its function quantitatively, suggest a novel role for the GPe, and demonstrate how the dopaminergic modulation of striatum may operate in the context of ...
Biophysics of Extracellular Action Potentials
... The goal of this thesis is to analyze the generation of single unit extracellular action potentials (EAPs), and to explore pertinent issues in the interpretation of EAP recordings. I use the line source approximation to model the EAP produced by individual neurons. I compare simultaneous intracellul ...
... The goal of this thesis is to analyze the generation of single unit extracellular action potentials (EAPs), and to explore pertinent issues in the interpretation of EAP recordings. I use the line source approximation to model the EAP produced by individual neurons. I compare simultaneous intracellul ...
Neuroanatomy
Neuroanatomy is the study of the anatomy and stereotyped organization of nervous systems. In contrast to animals with radial symmetry, whose nervous system consists of a distributed network of cells, animals with bilateral symmetry have segregated, defined nervous systems, and thus we can make much more precise statements about their neuroanatomy. In vertebrates, the nervous system is segregated into the internal structure of the brain and spinal cord (together called the central nervous system, or CNS) and the routes of the nerves that connect to the rest of the body (known as the peripheral nervous system, or PNS). The delineation of distinct structures and regions of the nervous system has been critical in investigating how it works. For example, much of what neuroscientists have learned comes from observing how damage or ""lesions"" to specific brain areas affects behavior or other neural functions.For information about the composition of animal nervous systems, see nervous system. For information about the typical structure of the human nervous system, see human brain or peripheral nervous system. This article discusses information pertinent to the study of neuroanatomy.