memory systems in the brain
... in the orbitofrontal cortex, but not at earlier stages of processing in primates, decrease to the food as the reward value of the food decreases (Rolls 1997a, 1999a). This functional architecture enables the taste representation in the primary cortex to be used for purposes that are not reward depen ...
... in the orbitofrontal cortex, but not at earlier stages of processing in primates, decrease to the food as the reward value of the food decreases (Rolls 1997a, 1999a). This functional architecture enables the taste representation in the primary cortex to be used for purposes that are not reward depen ...
Formation of Neuronal Pathways in the lmaginal Discs of Drosophila
... Bate, personal communication). At the onset of metamorphosis, the discs start to evaginate. The cell bodies at the center of the disc, Al, A2, A3, and Pl , move with the future tip of the leg whereas their axons simply elongate. By 1 hr after puparium formation (APF) (Fig. 26), the leg begins to ass ...
... Bate, personal communication). At the onset of metamorphosis, the discs start to evaginate. The cell bodies at the center of the disc, Al, A2, A3, and Pl , move with the future tip of the leg whereas their axons simply elongate. By 1 hr after puparium formation (APF) (Fig. 26), the leg begins to ass ...
Complementary roles of basal ganglia and cerebellum in learning
... complex spikes in arm-reaching movement in monkeys. The results showed that complex spike firing carries information about the target direction in the early phase of the movement, whereas it carries information about the end-point error near the end of the movement. The coding of end-point error is ...
... complex spikes in arm-reaching movement in monkeys. The results showed that complex spike firing carries information about the target direction in the early phase of the movement, whereas it carries information about the end-point error near the end of the movement. The coding of end-point error is ...
The Constructive Nature of Visual Processing
... low, intermediate, and high (Figure 25–4). At the lowest level, which we consider in the next chapter, visual attributes such as local contrast, orientation, color, and movement are discriminated. The intermediate level involves analysis of the layout of scenes and of surface properties, parsing the ...
... low, intermediate, and high (Figure 25–4). At the lowest level, which we consider in the next chapter, visual attributes such as local contrast, orientation, color, and movement are discriminated. The intermediate level involves analysis of the layout of scenes and of surface properties, parsing the ...
Beyond Control: The Dynamics of Brain-Body
... This integrated perspective on behavior raises both experimental and theoretical challenges. It is difficult enough to study any one component of a brain-body-environment system in isolation, let alone the simultaneous interaction of all three. Not only must one be able to measure and manipulate neu ...
... This integrated perspective on behavior raises both experimental and theoretical challenges. It is difficult enough to study any one component of a brain-body-environment system in isolation, let alone the simultaneous interaction of all three. Not only must one be able to measure and manipulate neu ...
Overview Synaptic plasticity Synaptic strength
... When the presynaptic axon of cell A repeatedly and persistently fails to axcite the postsynaptic cell B while cell B is firing under the influence of other presynaptic axons, metabolic change takes place in one or both cells so that A‘s efficiency ... is decreased. ...
... When the presynaptic axon of cell A repeatedly and persistently fails to axcite the postsynaptic cell B while cell B is firing under the influence of other presynaptic axons, metabolic change takes place in one or both cells so that A‘s efficiency ... is decreased. ...
Functional Sub-regions for Optic Flow Processing in the
... diameter straight tunnel with elements along the walls, at a speed varying in most cases between 1 and 6 m/s. This range corresponds to the observed speeds of trotting and galloping cats (Goslow et al., 1973; Halbertsma, 1983; Smith et al., 1993). The origin of motion represented the aperture at the ...
... diameter straight tunnel with elements along the walls, at a speed varying in most cases between 1 and 6 m/s. This range corresponds to the observed speeds of trotting and galloping cats (Goslow et al., 1973; Halbertsma, 1983; Smith et al., 1993). The origin of motion represented the aperture at the ...
Effective connectivity of the subthalamic nucleus
... abnormal oscillations in the Parkinsonian STN–GP network in a series of computational models that were successively more complex in terms of either structural and/or physiological architecture (see below). Each computational model was tightly constrained by data from our in vivo electrophysiological ...
... abnormal oscillations in the Parkinsonian STN–GP network in a series of computational models that were successively more complex in terms of either structural and/or physiological architecture (see below). Each computational model was tightly constrained by data from our in vivo electrophysiological ...
Current advances and pressing problems in studies of stopping
... The stop-signal task probes agents’ ability to inhibit responding. A well-known race model affords estimation of the duration of the inhibition process. This powerful approach has yielded numerous insights into the neural circuitry underlying response control, the specificity of inhibition across ef ...
... The stop-signal task probes agents’ ability to inhibit responding. A well-known race model affords estimation of the duration of the inhibition process. This powerful approach has yielded numerous insights into the neural circuitry underlying response control, the specificity of inhibition across ef ...
Synchronous vs. Conjunctive Binding: A False Dichotomy? Robert F. Hadley ()
... In what follows, I take it as a working hypothesis that for each set of neurons, whose joint activations reliably qualify as representing a given concept, C (whether C is a role or a filler), there does exist such a clique. Also, due to conditions (a) and (b), above, it follows that the activation o ...
... In what follows, I take it as a working hypothesis that for each set of neurons, whose joint activations reliably qualify as representing a given concept, C (whether C is a role or a filler), there does exist such a clique. Also, due to conditions (a) and (b), above, it follows that the activation o ...
ATTENTIONAL MODULATION OF VISUAL PROCESSING John H
... contrast modulates neuronal responses in the anesthetized mammal: Two occur when a single stimulus appears alone within the neuronal receptive field, and two occur when two stimuli appear together, either both within the classical receptive field or one inside the receptive field and the other in th ...
... contrast modulates neuronal responses in the anesthetized mammal: Two occur when a single stimulus appears alone within the neuronal receptive field, and two occur when two stimuli appear together, either both within the classical receptive field or one inside the receptive field and the other in th ...
Biology
... coordinates functions throughout the body and responds to internal and external stimuli. ...
... coordinates functions throughout the body and responds to internal and external stimuli. ...
Capogna Curr Opin Neurobiol 2014
... [19]. Unique from other interneurons studied so far, NGFCs tend to form non-synaptic apposition to postsynaptic membranes, that in the BLA are not only postsynaptic dendrites or axon terminals, as in the cortex [21], but also somata. Consistent with such ‘loose’ connectivity promoting volume transmi ...
... [19]. Unique from other interneurons studied so far, NGFCs tend to form non-synaptic apposition to postsynaptic membranes, that in the BLA are not only postsynaptic dendrites or axon terminals, as in the cortex [21], but also somata. Consistent with such ‘loose’ connectivity promoting volume transmi ...
Chemosense in Mollusks
... continuous (see also Fig. 2) plume generators (B,C). The superimposed plume was generated by a pipette positioned 100 cm downwind and 30 cm upwind of the release cage. This configuration created a ribbon CO2 plume that passed through the centre of the release cage. The continuous plume generator (B) ...
... continuous (see also Fig. 2) plume generators (B,C). The superimposed plume was generated by a pipette positioned 100 cm downwind and 30 cm upwind of the release cage. This configuration created a ribbon CO2 plume that passed through the centre of the release cage. The continuous plume generator (B) ...
Nothing can be coincidence: synaptic inhibition and plasticity in the
... estimate the Cl! equilibrium potential (ECl) to be near !75 mV [8,37], and GABAB receptors are apparently not activated even by high-frequency trains of inhibition [5,26,38]; in fact, when high-frequency IPSP trains have been recorded without current injection, the membrane potential falls short of ...
... estimate the Cl! equilibrium potential (ECl) to be near !75 mV [8,37], and GABAB receptors are apparently not activated even by high-frequency trains of inhibition [5,26,38]; in fact, when high-frequency IPSP trains have been recorded without current injection, the membrane potential falls short of ...
Differential responses in three thalamic nuclei in moderately
... with survivals between 3 and 22 years after admission); 12 severely disabled patients (mean age 40 years, range 23–70, with survivals between 4 weeks and 8 years) and 10 vegetative patients (mean age 39 years, range 18–64, with survivals between 3 and 27 months). All but two of the severely disabled ...
... with survivals between 3 and 22 years after admission); 12 severely disabled patients (mean age 40 years, range 23–70, with survivals between 4 weeks and 8 years) and 10 vegetative patients (mean age 39 years, range 18–64, with survivals between 3 and 27 months). All but two of the severely disabled ...
Sensory Adaptation and Short Term Plasticity as Bayesian
... neurons solve the statistical problem of estimating excitability in order to remove it from their output. Given observations of noisy presynaptic activity, our adaptation model estimates the excitability of the presynaptic neuron on each timescale using approximate Bayesian inference (an assumed den ...
... neurons solve the statistical problem of estimating excitability in order to remove it from their output. Given observations of noisy presynaptic activity, our adaptation model estimates the excitability of the presynaptic neuron on each timescale using approximate Bayesian inference (an assumed den ...
Neural integration
... Primary motor cortex corresponds point by point with specific regions of the body Cortical areas have been mapped out in diagrammatic form Homunculus provides indication of degree of fine motor control available: – hands, face, and tongue, which are capable of varied and complex movements, app ...
... Primary motor cortex corresponds point by point with specific regions of the body Cortical areas have been mapped out in diagrammatic form Homunculus provides indication of degree of fine motor control available: – hands, face, and tongue, which are capable of varied and complex movements, app ...
Understanding Circuit Dynamics Using the Stomatogastric Nervous
... Recent years have seen a rebirth of interest in understanding how neural circuits generate behavior. Therefore, it is a particularly good time to review and critically examine what we know about the stomatogastric nervous system (STNS), one of the premier systems for analyzing how circuit dynamics a ...
... Recent years have seen a rebirth of interest in understanding how neural circuits generate behavior. Therefore, it is a particularly good time to review and critically examine what we know about the stomatogastric nervous system (STNS), one of the premier systems for analyzing how circuit dynamics a ...