Pacemaker Potentials for the Periodic Burst Discharge in the Heart
... potentials are generated. Hyperpolarization impedes generation of the slow potential, showing that it is an electrically excitable response. Membrane impedance increases on depolarization. Brief hyperpolarizing current can abolish the plateau but brief tetanic inhibitory fiber stimulation is more ef ...
... potentials are generated. Hyperpolarization impedes generation of the slow potential, showing that it is an electrically excitable response. Membrane impedance increases on depolarization. Brief hyperpolarizing current can abolish the plateau but brief tetanic inhibitory fiber stimulation is more ef ...
Adaptive Behavior - Server users.dimi.uniud.it
... suggest that locomotion (e.g. walking, swimming, flying) is generated by specific neural circuits, or socalled central pattern generators (CPGs). Based on these findings various approaches have been proposed ...
... suggest that locomotion (e.g. walking, swimming, flying) is generated by specific neural circuits, or socalled central pattern generators (CPGs). Based on these findings various approaches have been proposed ...
Physiological Plasticity of Single Neurons in Auditory Cortex of the
... with the discharges of single cells in primary auditory cortex (AI) during the acquisition of a behavioral conditioned response. A companion report is concerned with the effects of classical conditioning on the secondary auditory cortical field (All) At the level of auditory cortex, the situ- which ...
... with the discharges of single cells in primary auditory cortex (AI) during the acquisition of a behavioral conditioned response. A companion report is concerned with the effects of classical conditioning on the secondary auditory cortical field (All) At the level of auditory cortex, the situ- which ...
the mirror-neuron system - UCSF Center for Integrative Neuroscience
... between the effective observed and the effective executed action. In about one third of them, the effective observed and executed actions are virtually identical (strictly congruent neurons); in the remaining, the effective observed and executed actions are similar or functionally related (broadly c ...
... between the effective observed and the effective executed action. In about one third of them, the effective observed and executed actions are virtually identical (strictly congruent neurons); in the remaining, the effective observed and executed actions are similar or functionally related (broadly c ...
The mirror neuron system and the consequences of its dysfunction
... with sounds. For example, breaking a peanut produces a characteristic sound. Some mirror neurons in monkeys fire not only in response to the sight of a peanut being broken, but they also fire to the sound of breaking a peanut (and other action sounds, of course), even in the absence of the visual pr ...
... with sounds. For example, breaking a peanut produces a characteristic sound. Some mirror neurons in monkeys fire not only in response to the sight of a peanut being broken, but they also fire to the sound of breaking a peanut (and other action sounds, of course), even in the absence of the visual pr ...
Mirror Neurons and Mirror Systems in Monkeys and Humans
... observed motor acts but also the intention behind them. The first evidence in this sense has been provided by an fMRI study in which volunteers had to infer the agents’ intention by observing them performing a motor act (30). In the study, there were three conditions. In the first condition (context ...
... observed motor acts but also the intention behind them. The first evidence in this sense has been provided by an fMRI study in which volunteers had to infer the agents’ intention by observing them performing a motor act (30). In the study, there were three conditions. In the first condition (context ...
stimulus conditions area MT of the macaque monkey under matched
... typically probe a single structure or cortical area, using a stimulus ensemble chosen to provide potent drive to the cells of interest. Here we adopt an alternative approach and compare adaptation effects in primary visual cortex (V1) and area MT using identical stimulus ensembles. Previous work has ...
... typically probe a single structure or cortical area, using a stimulus ensemble chosen to provide potent drive to the cells of interest. Here we adopt an alternative approach and compare adaptation effects in primary visual cortex (V1) and area MT using identical stimulus ensembles. Previous work has ...
Primitive Roles for Inhibitory Interneurons in Developing Frog Spinal
... non-normal data; otherwise, all values are given as mean ⫾ SD. Processing for neuron anatomy. Once physiological testing was completed, the tadpoles were fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.2 at ⬃4°C). Dye-filling was successful through passive diffusion. After rinsing with 0. ...
... non-normal data; otherwise, all values are given as mean ⫾ SD. Processing for neuron anatomy. Once physiological testing was completed, the tadpoles were fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.2 at ⬃4°C). Dye-filling was successful through passive diffusion. After rinsing with 0. ...
Spike-based Winner-Take-All Computation in a Multi
... The asynchronous and time-continuous computation that takes place in biological systems is of great interest because of the capability of these systems to interact with the real-world. In this work we explore such computation in the spike-based winner-take-all network, by developing a theoretical mo ...
... The asynchronous and time-continuous computation that takes place in biological systems is of great interest because of the capability of these systems to interact with the real-world. In this work we explore such computation in the spike-based winner-take-all network, by developing a theoretical mo ...
Patterns of neuronal migration in the embryonic cortex
... described cells with nuclei at the ventricular surface and fibers coursing to the pia that were interpreted as translocating neurons. However, these cells resemble radial glial cells in M-phase of the cell cycle that are now known to retain their radial fibers during division [62,70] and to express ...
... described cells with nuclei at the ventricular surface and fibers coursing to the pia that were interpreted as translocating neurons. However, these cells resemble radial glial cells in M-phase of the cell cycle that are now known to retain their radial fibers during division [62,70] and to express ...
Molecular Mechanisms of Signal Integration in Hypothalamic
... The brain coordinates behavioral, endocrine and autonomic functions by processing a variety of internal and external stimuli, Stimuli from both internal and external sources can converge on a single neuron which must process these signals and produce an integrated response. Our work is ...
... The brain coordinates behavioral, endocrine and autonomic functions by processing a variety of internal and external stimuli, Stimuli from both internal and external sources can converge on a single neuron which must process these signals and produce an integrated response. Our work is ...
Membrane Potential Fluctuations in Neural Integrator
... anatomy of a neuron for the physicist who is unfamiliar with neuroscience terminology. An extended overview can be found in [50]. A neuron is the ‘atom’ of the brain and in most cases can be separated into three distinct anatomical regions. The soma (cell body) contains the major cellular organelles ...
... anatomy of a neuron for the physicist who is unfamiliar with neuroscience terminology. An extended overview can be found in [50]. A neuron is the ‘atom’ of the brain and in most cases can be separated into three distinct anatomical regions. The soma (cell body) contains the major cellular organelles ...
Comparison of Primate Prefrontal and Inferior Temporal
... our sensory environment. Several recent studies have reported neuronal correlates of visual categories in two interconnected cortical areas involved in visual recognition, memory, and other visual functions: the inferior temporal cortex (ITC) and the prefrontal cortex (PFC) (Vogels, 1999; Freedman e ...
... our sensory environment. Several recent studies have reported neuronal correlates of visual categories in two interconnected cortical areas involved in visual recognition, memory, and other visual functions: the inferior temporal cortex (ITC) and the prefrontal cortex (PFC) (Vogels, 1999; Freedman e ...
Fundamentals of the Nervous System, Part 2
... Patterns of Neural Processing • Serial processing – Example: reflexes—rapid, automatic responses to stimuli that always cause the same response – Reflex arcs (pathways) have five essential components: receptor, sensory neuron, CNS integration center, motor neuron, and effector ...
... Patterns of Neural Processing • Serial processing – Example: reflexes—rapid, automatic responses to stimuli that always cause the same response – Reflex arcs (pathways) have five essential components: receptor, sensory neuron, CNS integration center, motor neuron, and effector ...
Neuronal Clusters in the Primate Motor Cortex during Interception of
... (Figure 5, top). Activity of these two clusters diverged, however, near the movement onset. While activity of Cluster 4 began to decline near the movement onset, activity of Cluster 1 continued throughout the movement, decreasing with a time course more similar to that of the hand velocity. Activity ...
... (Figure 5, top). Activity of these two clusters diverged, however, near the movement onset. While activity of Cluster 4 began to decline near the movement onset, activity of Cluster 1 continued throughout the movement, decreasing with a time course more similar to that of the hand velocity. Activity ...
Predictions, perception, and a sense of self
... make about the next sample. These predictions are themselves selected from multiple possible predictions according to the preceding samples and beliefs about the prevailing context. This enables the brain to make realtime predictions in different sensory streams that it tests against the sensory dat ...
... make about the next sample. These predictions are themselves selected from multiple possible predictions according to the preceding samples and beliefs about the prevailing context. This enables the brain to make realtime predictions in different sensory streams that it tests against the sensory dat ...
The rhinal cortices: a wall of inhibition between the
... PRC of the isolated guinea pig brain preparation after lateral olfactory tract stimulation. Recordings were performed with a high-performance optical system (de Curtis et al., 1999; Biella et al., 2003). The isolated brain was perfused arterially with a voltage-sensitive dye (RH-795) that emits a fl ...
... PRC of the isolated guinea pig brain preparation after lateral olfactory tract stimulation. Recordings were performed with a high-performance optical system (de Curtis et al., 1999; Biella et al., 2003). The isolated brain was perfused arterially with a voltage-sensitive dye (RH-795) that emits a fl ...
Neuroanatomy and function of brain structures involved in the
... signals travel together until they reach the brain stem where the neuronal pathways for milk ejection and PRL regulation diverge. In a previous study suckling stimulus induced cFos expression in some brain stem structures suggesting the role of these structures in relaying the suckling stimulus to ...
... signals travel together until they reach the brain stem where the neuronal pathways for milk ejection and PRL regulation diverge. In a previous study suckling stimulus induced cFos expression in some brain stem structures suggesting the role of these structures in relaying the suckling stimulus to ...
Spike Timing-Dependent Plasticity: From Synapse to Perception
... leading to the idea that the NMDAR serves as the coincidence detector for pre/post activity. For LTP and LTD induced by conventional protocols, different cascades of signaling events are set in motion by high- and low-level postsynaptic Ca2⫹ elevation, respectively (66). Does the conventional Ca2⫹-b ...
... leading to the idea that the NMDAR serves as the coincidence detector for pre/post activity. For LTP and LTD induced by conventional protocols, different cascades of signaling events are set in motion by high- and low-level postsynaptic Ca2⫹ elevation, respectively (66). Does the conventional Ca2⫹-b ...
Overlapping representation of primary tastes in a defined
... We used 2P imaging of the virally-expressed calcium reporter GCaMP6s to study taste quality representation within GC neurons in cortical layers II/III, testing whether they possess specific responses and examining whether they tend to group together in space across the GC surface. We first verified ...
... We used 2P imaging of the virally-expressed calcium reporter GCaMP6s to study taste quality representation within GC neurons in cortical layers II/III, testing whether they possess specific responses and examining whether they tend to group together in space across the GC surface. We first verified ...
memory systems in the brain
... in the orbitofrontal cortex, but not at earlier stages of processing in primates, decrease to the food as the reward value of the food decreases (Rolls 1997a, 1999a). This functional architecture enables the taste representation in the primary cortex to be used for purposes that are not reward depen ...
... in the orbitofrontal cortex, but not at earlier stages of processing in primates, decrease to the food as the reward value of the food decreases (Rolls 1997a, 1999a). This functional architecture enables the taste representation in the primary cortex to be used for purposes that are not reward depen ...