J Comp Physiol (1982) 149: 179 193
... whether the transient excitation of VS-cells is caused by the increase or decrease of brightness which occur almost simultaneously in flashes of 20 µs duration. Step responses are appropriate to decide this question, and have been recorded in 21 VSpenetrations. Since impulse responses decline within ...
... whether the transient excitation of VS-cells is caused by the increase or decrease of brightness which occur almost simultaneously in flashes of 20 µs duration. Step responses are appropriate to decide this question, and have been recorded in 21 VSpenetrations. Since impulse responses decline within ...
Millisecond Timescale Synchrony among Hippocampal Neurons
... Introduction Networks of neurons in the brain generate an assortment of oscillatory patterns. In the hippocampus, prominent oscillations have been noted at (5–10 Hz), slow ␥ (30 –50 Hz), fast ␥ (50 –90 Hz), (90 –140 Hz), and ripple (130 –230 Hz) frequencies (Belluscio et al., 2012). Although num ...
... Introduction Networks of neurons in the brain generate an assortment of oscillatory patterns. In the hippocampus, prominent oscillations have been noted at (5–10 Hz), slow ␥ (30 –50 Hz), fast ␥ (50 –90 Hz), (90 –140 Hz), and ripple (130 –230 Hz) frequencies (Belluscio et al., 2012). Although num ...
The organization of the cortical motor system: new concepts
... A modern parcellation of the agranular frontal cortex (motor cortex) of the macaque monkey is shown in Fig. 1. The subdivision is based on cytoarchitectural and histochemical data (Matelli et al., 1985, 1991). F1 basically corresponds to area 4 of Brodmann (1909), the other areas are subdivsions of ...
... A modern parcellation of the agranular frontal cortex (motor cortex) of the macaque monkey is shown in Fig. 1. The subdivision is based on cytoarchitectural and histochemical data (Matelli et al., 1985, 1991). F1 basically corresponds to area 4 of Brodmann (1909), the other areas are subdivsions of ...
Neural substrates for expectation-modulated fear learning in
... A form of aversively motivated learning called fear conditioning occurs when a neutral conditioned stimulus is paired with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (UCS). UCS-evoked depolarization of amygdala neurons may instruct Hebbian plasticity that stores memories of the conditioned stimulus–uncondit ...
... A form of aversively motivated learning called fear conditioning occurs when a neutral conditioned stimulus is paired with an aversive unconditioned stimulus (UCS). UCS-evoked depolarization of amygdala neurons may instruct Hebbian plasticity that stores memories of the conditioned stimulus–uncondit ...
Optimal Sizes of Dendritic and Axonal Arbors
... I consider a topographic projection between two neuronal layers with different densities of neurons. Given the number of output neurons connected to each input neuron (divergence or fan-out) and the number of input neurons synapsing on each output neuron (convergence or fan-in) I determine the width ...
... I consider a topographic projection between two neuronal layers with different densities of neurons. Given the number of output neurons connected to each input neuron (divergence or fan-out) and the number of input neurons synapsing on each output neuron (convergence or fan-in) I determine the width ...
BDNF-modulated Spatial Organization of Cajal
... cortex with disorganized CR cells and aberrant cortical lamination (Ringstedt et al., 1998). During embryonic development, CR neurons express BDNF and NT4 along with their receptor TrkB (Fukumitsu et al., 1998), whereas GABAergic neurons only express TrkB (Gorba and Wahle, 1999). Both neuronal cell ...
... cortex with disorganized CR cells and aberrant cortical lamination (Ringstedt et al., 1998). During embryonic development, CR neurons express BDNF and NT4 along with their receptor TrkB (Fukumitsu et al., 1998), whereas GABAergic neurons only express TrkB (Gorba and Wahle, 1999). Both neuronal cell ...
MOTOR SYSTEM PHYSIOLOGY
... 4. Normal muscle tone allows us to stand erect and overcome the pull of gravity. It also provides a spring like quality to the muscle which means that muscles can store energy and release it during movements such as running. 5. Normally muscle tone is relatively low; however, lesions of the CNS prod ...
... 4. Normal muscle tone allows us to stand erect and overcome the pull of gravity. It also provides a spring like quality to the muscle which means that muscles can store energy and release it during movements such as running. 5. Normally muscle tone is relatively low; however, lesions of the CNS prod ...
מצגת של PowerPoint
... Excitatory GABA currents are essential (necessary) for proper dendritic development ...
... Excitatory GABA currents are essential (necessary) for proper dendritic development ...
Evolution of central pattern generators and rhythmic behaviours
... produce divergent behaviours from the same set of neurons. For example, two species of nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, which is the common laboratory species, and Pristionchus pacificus, a predatory nematode, each have individually identifiable neurons. The pharyngeal system used for feeding in bo ...
... produce divergent behaviours from the same set of neurons. For example, two species of nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, which is the common laboratory species, and Pristionchus pacificus, a predatory nematode, each have individually identifiable neurons. The pharyngeal system used for feeding in bo ...
The LIM and POU homeobox genes ttx-3 and unc
... factor initiates and maintains the terminal differentiation program of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain (Smidt and Burbach, 2009), whereas the Pet1 transcription factor initiates and maintains the terminal differentiation program of serotonergic neurons (Liu et al., 2010). However, few neuronal ...
... factor initiates and maintains the terminal differentiation program of dopaminergic neurons in the midbrain (Smidt and Burbach, 2009), whereas the Pet1 transcription factor initiates and maintains the terminal differentiation program of serotonergic neurons (Liu et al., 2010). However, few neuronal ...
View/Open - Minerva Access
... been shown to selectively potentiate feed-forward connections with specific axonal delays, enabling functions such as sound localization in the auditory brainstem of the barn owl. We demonstrate a similar selective potentiation for the recurrent connections in a network with axonal delays correspond ...
... been shown to selectively potentiate feed-forward connections with specific axonal delays, enabling functions such as sound localization in the auditory brainstem of the barn owl. We demonstrate a similar selective potentiation for the recurrent connections in a network with axonal delays correspond ...
Artificial neural networks and their application in biological and
... In spite of considerable development of several indirectly connected scientific fields as well as various research methods and techniques, ANNs mimic the work of man’s nervous system only partially. Thus, the help of multifaceted tools, such as relevant computer programs, algorithms and other mathem ...
... In spite of considerable development of several indirectly connected scientific fields as well as various research methods and techniques, ANNs mimic the work of man’s nervous system only partially. Thus, the help of multifaceted tools, such as relevant computer programs, algorithms and other mathem ...
16-1 INTRODUCTION The ANS regulates many important functions
... 2. Sweat glands, arrector pili, and blood vessels are innervated almost exclusively by the sympathetic division. 3. When both divisions innervate the same organ, one division usually has a bigger effect. For example, the parasympathetic division is most important for regulating the digestive tract. ...
... 2. Sweat glands, arrector pili, and blood vessels are innervated almost exclusively by the sympathetic division. 3. When both divisions innervate the same organ, one division usually has a bigger effect. For example, the parasympathetic division is most important for regulating the digestive tract. ...
Computational modeling of responses in human visual
... In the mid-1800s, biologists began examining the responses in animal brains to localize various stimulus-driven responses. Visual cortex was localized rather early, though not without some serious disputes (1-3). The biologists were joined in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by neurologists an ...
... In the mid-1800s, biologists began examining the responses in animal brains to localize various stimulus-driven responses. Visual cortex was localized rather early, though not without some serious disputes (1-3). The biologists were joined in the late 19th and early 20th centuries by neurologists an ...
Deep Sparse Rectifier Neural Networks
... because the objective of the former is to obtain computationally efficient learners, that generalize well to new examples, whereas the objective of the latter is to abstract out neuroscientific data while obtaining explanations of the principles involved, providing predictions and guidance for futur ...
... because the objective of the former is to obtain computationally efficient learners, that generalize well to new examples, whereas the objective of the latter is to abstract out neuroscientific data while obtaining explanations of the principles involved, providing predictions and guidance for futur ...
Approximating Number of Hidden layer neurons in Multiple
... accuracy in determining target output can be increased. Basically when dealing with the number of neurons in the input layer, one has to analyze about the data which is trained. For example, while dealing with handwritten numeral recognition using neural network for pin code recognition [5], the box ...
... accuracy in determining target output can be increased. Basically when dealing with the number of neurons in the input layer, one has to analyze about the data which is trained. For example, while dealing with handwritten numeral recognition using neural network for pin code recognition [5], the box ...
Midbrain fMRI: Applications, Limitations and Challenges
... ent mesencephalic nuclei was mainly driven by the goal to characterize structural changes in neurodegenerative pathology, such as Parkinson’s disease, or to localize targets for stereotactic neurosurgery. More recently, with improved resolution of fMRI protocols, structural identification has become ...
... ent mesencephalic nuclei was mainly driven by the goal to characterize structural changes in neurodegenerative pathology, such as Parkinson’s disease, or to localize targets for stereotactic neurosurgery. More recently, with improved resolution of fMRI protocols, structural identification has become ...
Supplement to: Modulation of Intracortical Synaptic Potentials by
... the whole cell pipette were 0.2 mM EGTA for axonal recordings and either 1 or 10 mM EGTA or 0.025 mM BAPTA for recording from synaptically connected pairs of pyramidal cells, as stated in the main text. Alexa Fluo 488 (100 µM; for axonal recording experiments only) and biocytin (0.2%) were added to ...
... the whole cell pipette were 0.2 mM EGTA for axonal recordings and either 1 or 10 mM EGTA or 0.025 mM BAPTA for recording from synaptically connected pairs of pyramidal cells, as stated in the main text. Alexa Fluo 488 (100 µM; for axonal recording experiments only) and biocytin (0.2%) were added to ...
Supplement: Modulation of Intracortical Synaptic Potentials by
... the whole cell pipette were 0.2 mM EGTA for axonal recordings and either 1 or 10 mM EGTA or 0.025 mM BAPTA for recording from synaptically connected pairs of pyramidal cells, as stated in the main text. Alexa Fluo 488 (100 M; for axonal recording experiments only) and biocytin (0.2%) were added to ...
... the whole cell pipette were 0.2 mM EGTA for axonal recordings and either 1 or 10 mM EGTA or 0.025 mM BAPTA for recording from synaptically connected pairs of pyramidal cells, as stated in the main text. Alexa Fluo 488 (100 M; for axonal recording experiments only) and biocytin (0.2%) were added to ...
Viral vector-based tools advance knowledge of basal ganglia
... adeno-associated virus; lentivirus; basal ganglia neuronal phenotypes; optogenetics; DREADDs; confocal and electron microscopy ...
... adeno-associated virus; lentivirus; basal ganglia neuronal phenotypes; optogenetics; DREADDs; confocal and electron microscopy ...
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... human brain is still largely unknown. This thesis is an attempt towards creating a developmental model of the stereo vision in the visual cortex. By developmental we mean that the features of each neuron are developed, instead of hand-crafted, so that the limited resource is optimally used. This app ...
... human brain is still largely unknown. This thesis is an attempt towards creating a developmental model of the stereo vision in the visual cortex. By developmental we mean that the features of each neuron are developed, instead of hand-crafted, so that the limited resource is optimally used. This app ...