Axonogenesis in the Brain of Zebrafish Embryos
... by commissures. Each tract is established by identified clusters of approximately 2-12 neurons found in discrete regions of the brain. Many identified clusters of neurons project axons in a defined direction appropriate for the cluster and have axons with stereotyped trajectories, suggesting that th ...
... by commissures. Each tract is established by identified clusters of approximately 2-12 neurons found in discrete regions of the brain. Many identified clusters of neurons project axons in a defined direction appropriate for the cluster and have axons with stereotyped trajectories, suggesting that th ...
1 MB - Columbia University
... coding: flies possess sensory systems anatomically and genetically simpler than those of vertebrates, and critically depend on quick, reliable and robust temperature sensing for survival (an important adaptation of poikilothermic organisms). In Drosophila, two related TRP channels have been proposed ...
... coding: flies possess sensory systems anatomically and genetically simpler than those of vertebrates, and critically depend on quick, reliable and robust temperature sensing for survival (an important adaptation of poikilothermic organisms). In Drosophila, two related TRP channels have been proposed ...
01-Spinal Reflexes Student`s Copy
... – A/ In spatial summation: two or more stimuli, through different sensory routes, which by themselves are insufficient to elicit a reflex contraction, may elicit a contraction when given together. Summation of subliminal fringes ...
... – A/ In spatial summation: two or more stimuli, through different sensory routes, which by themselves are insufficient to elicit a reflex contraction, may elicit a contraction when given together. Summation of subliminal fringes ...
Information Processing in the Rostral Solitary Nucleus: Modulation
... at the level of the rNST has the potential to influence the diverse functions of both the ascending and local reflex pathways, and may therefore influence a wide range of behaviors with significant implications for health and disease. The function of the gustatory system is to identify the nature an ...
... at the level of the rNST has the potential to influence the diverse functions of both the ascending and local reflex pathways, and may therefore influence a wide range of behaviors with significant implications for health and disease. The function of the gustatory system is to identify the nature an ...
State-Dependent Computation Using Coupled Recurrent Networks
... recurrent cross-connections between them, which are used to embed the required states. This coupling between the maps allows the network to continue to express the current state even after the input that elicited that state is withdrawn. In addition, a small number of transition neurons implement th ...
... recurrent cross-connections between them, which are used to embed the required states. This coupling between the maps allows the network to continue to express the current state even after the input that elicited that state is withdrawn. In addition, a small number of transition neurons implement th ...
Scaling self-organizing maps to model large cortical networks
... RF-LISSOM focuses on the two-dimensional organization of the cortex, so each “neuron” in the model cortex corresponds to a vertical column of cells through the six layers of the primate cortex. The cortical network is modeled with a sheet of interconnected neurons and the retina with a sheet of reti ...
... RF-LISSOM focuses on the two-dimensional organization of the cortex, so each “neuron” in the model cortex corresponds to a vertical column of cells through the six layers of the primate cortex. The cortical network is modeled with a sheet of interconnected neurons and the retina with a sheet of reti ...
Optogenetic drive of neocortical pyramidal neurons generates fMRI
... Author Manuscript Brain Res. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 May 20. ...
... Author Manuscript Brain Res. Author manuscript; available in PMC 2014 May 20. ...
Basal Ganglia: Internal Organization
... innervate the ipsilateral striatum but also the contralateral striatum. The corticosubthalamic projection is derived from more restricted regions of the cortex (see below). The corticostriatal and thalamostriatal projections are highly topographically organized and impart functionality onto the stri ...
... innervate the ipsilateral striatum but also the contralateral striatum. The corticosubthalamic projection is derived from more restricted regions of the cortex (see below). The corticostriatal and thalamostriatal projections are highly topographically organized and impart functionality onto the stri ...
Disentangling pleasure from incentive salience and
... (52/115) fired phasically at the onset of the CS+1 and/or CS+2 cues (23% of these fired to the CS+1, 21% of these fired to the CS+2, and 56% of these fired to both) (Figs. 2 and 4 and Fig. S1). The phasic response consisted of a rapid climb in firing rate to reach a peak within 200 ms of each CS+ tone on ...
... (52/115) fired phasically at the onset of the CS+1 and/or CS+2 cues (23% of these fired to the CS+1, 21% of these fired to the CS+2, and 56% of these fired to both) (Figs. 2 and 4 and Fig. S1). The phasic response consisted of a rapid climb in firing rate to reach a peak within 200 ms of each CS+ tone on ...
Review Inhibitory neurotransmission, plasticity and aging in the
... presynaptic changes in the cochlear nucleus include reduced glycine levels, while in the auditory midbrain and cortex, GABA synthesis and release are altered. Presumably, in response to age-related decreases in presynaptic release of inhibitory neurotransmitters, there are age-related postsynaptic s ...
... presynaptic changes in the cochlear nucleus include reduced glycine levels, while in the auditory midbrain and cortex, GABA synthesis and release are altered. Presumably, in response to age-related decreases in presynaptic release of inhibitory neurotransmitters, there are age-related postsynaptic s ...
B - CommuniGate Pro uni
... these problems, we have established a new in vitro system, the organotypic c o r t e x - s t r i a t u m co-culture. In such a system the s p o n t a n e o u s activity o f the cortical culture is sufficient to drive the striatal network and, moreover, a visual selection of striatal interneurons is ...
... these problems, we have established a new in vitro system, the organotypic c o r t e x - s t r i a t u m co-culture. In such a system the s p o n t a n e o u s activity o f the cortical culture is sufficient to drive the striatal network and, moreover, a visual selection of striatal interneurons is ...
Capturing Brain Dynamics: a combined neuroscience and
... Neural synchronization ‣ A red Ferrari sports car drives by you’re perceiving: ...
... Neural synchronization ‣ A red Ferrari sports car drives by you’re perceiving: ...
Information Processing at the Calyx of Held Under Natural Conditions
... The medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) is probably one of the best studied nuclei in the mammalian brain. The system is studied so well because the synapses found in this nucleus, the so-called calyces of Held, are extraordinarily big compared to almost all other synapses. Therefore, they a ...
... The medial nucleus of the trapezoid body (MNTB) is probably one of the best studied nuclei in the mammalian brain. The system is studied so well because the synapses found in this nucleus, the so-called calyces of Held, are extraordinarily big compared to almost all other synapses. Therefore, they a ...
Distinguishing intrinsic from extrinsic factors underlying firing rate
... units. J Neurophysiol 113: 1310 –1322, 2015. First published December 4, 2014; doi:10.1152/jn.00777.2014.—During voluntary contraction, firing rates of individual motor units (MUs) increase modestly over a narrow force range beyond which little additional increase in firing rate is seen. Such satura ...
... units. J Neurophysiol 113: 1310 –1322, 2015. First published December 4, 2014; doi:10.1152/jn.00777.2014.—During voluntary contraction, firing rates of individual motor units (MUs) increase modestly over a narrow force range beyond which little additional increase in firing rate is seen. Such satura ...
Development of Subcellular mRNA Compartmentation in
... Given the fact that RNA sorting and transport mechanisms are such prominent features of dendrites, we wished to determine when these capabilities first appeared during neuronal differentiation. Studies of hippocampal pyramidal cells developing in low-density cultures have suggested that neurons init ...
... Given the fact that RNA sorting and transport mechanisms are such prominent features of dendrites, we wished to determine when these capabilities first appeared during neuronal differentiation. Studies of hippocampal pyramidal cells developing in low-density cultures have suggested that neurons init ...
Firing characteristics of deep layer neurons in prefrontal cortex in
... Single cells were recorded with ‘tetrodes’ in regions of the rat medial prefrontal cortex, including those which are targets of hippocampal afferents, while rats were performing three different behavioral tasks: (i) an eight-arm radial maze, spatial working memory task, (ii) a figure-eight track, de ...
... Single cells were recorded with ‘tetrodes’ in regions of the rat medial prefrontal cortex, including those which are targets of hippocampal afferents, while rats were performing three different behavioral tasks: (i) an eight-arm radial maze, spatial working memory task, (ii) a figure-eight track, de ...
learning motor skills by imitation: a biologically inspired robotic model
... The model presented in this article intends to bring three new contributions with respect to other models of imitation: First, the model is biased by biologically motivated constraints. These are the use of a connectionist representation and the building of a hierarchy of neural mechanisms which fol ...
... The model presented in this article intends to bring three new contributions with respect to other models of imitation: First, the model is biased by biologically motivated constraints. These are the use of a connectionist representation and the building of a hierarchy of neural mechanisms which fol ...
Some Analogies Between Visual Cortical and Genetic Maps
... DNA sequences for the entire genomes of higher organisms. They separated the complementary stranQsof the DNA and sheared them into fragments of about 400 nucleotides in length. Then they measured the time required for the complementary strands to reassociate at different concentrations. They found t ...
... DNA sequences for the entire genomes of higher organisms. They separated the complementary stranQsof the DNA and sheared them into fragments of about 400 nucleotides in length. Then they measured the time required for the complementary strands to reassociate at different concentrations. They found t ...