Anatomy of Olivocochlear Neurons
... The ratio of LOC to MOC neurons is also variable among species. In the extreme, a bat species similar to the horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus rouxi, lacks MOC neurons; in contrast, guinea pigs have approximately equal numbers of LOC and MOC neurons (Aschoff and Ostwald 1987). In cats and mice, the percent ...
... The ratio of LOC to MOC neurons is also variable among species. In the extreme, a bat species similar to the horseshoe bat, Rhinolophus rouxi, lacks MOC neurons; in contrast, guinea pigs have approximately equal numbers of LOC and MOC neurons (Aschoff and Ostwald 1987). In cats and mice, the percent ...
Clarke`s column neurons as the focus of a corticospinal corollary circuit
... Proprioceptive sensory signals inform the CNS of the consequences of motor acts, but effective motor planning involves internal neural systems capable of anticipating actual sensory feedback. Just where and how predictive systems exert their influence remains poorly understood. We explored the possi ...
... Proprioceptive sensory signals inform the CNS of the consequences of motor acts, but effective motor planning involves internal neural systems capable of anticipating actual sensory feedback. Just where and how predictive systems exert their influence remains poorly understood. We explored the possi ...
Disruption of Target Interactions Prevents the Development of
... The expression of proenkephalin A mRNA was analyzed by determining the percentage of neurons with grain densities above background levels and by measuring those densities. The percentage of postnatal neurons with proenkephalin A mRNA was determined by counting the total number of neurons in sections ...
... The expression of proenkephalin A mRNA was analyzed by determining the percentage of neurons with grain densities above background levels and by measuring those densities. The percentage of postnatal neurons with proenkephalin A mRNA was determined by counting the total number of neurons in sections ...
R eelin is expressed in the accessory olfactory system, but is not a
... projections are indistinguishable from the wild-type animals (Fig. 2A,C,E,G versus B,D,F,H). The pathfinding, axonal fasciculation, and axonal convergence of the VN12 neurons appear to be normal in the reeler mice. Reln mRNA is expressed at varying levels in the mouse olfactory system. Our findings, ...
... projections are indistinguishable from the wild-type animals (Fig. 2A,C,E,G versus B,D,F,H). The pathfinding, axonal fasciculation, and axonal convergence of the VN12 neurons appear to be normal in the reeler mice. Reln mRNA is expressed at varying levels in the mouse olfactory system. Our findings, ...
Looking for the roots of cortical sensory computation in three
... visual neurons respond unselectively to any flash of light, they may respond to pairs of flashes with sublinear or supralinear summation depending on the relative timing and spatial separation of the two stimuli, suggesting selectivity to high-order spatiotemporal correlations in the visual field. I ...
... visual neurons respond unselectively to any flash of light, they may respond to pairs of flashes with sublinear or supralinear summation depending on the relative timing and spatial separation of the two stimuli, suggesting selectivity to high-order spatiotemporal correlations in the visual field. I ...
Electrophysiological and Pharmacological Evidence for the Role of
... Figure 1. Extracellular recordings of neuronal activity from the NAS of a rat during self-administration trials using chronically implanted microwires. A, Photographic image of oscilloscope traces of an extracellularly recorded action potential. B, Two NAS neurons whose spike activity was recorded f ...
... Figure 1. Extracellular recordings of neuronal activity from the NAS of a rat during self-administration trials using chronically implanted microwires. A, Photographic image of oscilloscope traces of an extracellularly recorded action potential. B, Two NAS neurons whose spike activity was recorded f ...
Self-organization and interareal networks™in™the™primate cortex
... the developmental process where the gene is expressed, thereby testifying on the one hand to the complexity of the developmental process, and on the other indicating the limitations of the reductionist approach. An alternative but complementary approach is to record events during development in such ...
... the developmental process where the gene is expressed, thereby testifying on the one hand to the complexity of the developmental process, and on the other indicating the limitations of the reductionist approach. An alternative but complementary approach is to record events during development in such ...
Down - 서울대 : Biointelligence lab
... Recordings of activities of a cell when the rodent was rotated in different directions (Fig. 7.18) In the subiculum of rodents, it was found that firing of neurons represents the direction in which the rodent was heading Solid line represents the response property of this neuron The neuron fir ...
... Recordings of activities of a cell when the rodent was rotated in different directions (Fig. 7.18) In the subiculum of rodents, it was found that firing of neurons represents the direction in which the rodent was heading Solid line represents the response property of this neuron The neuron fir ...
MIrror neuRons based RObot Recognition - LIRA-Lab
... The MIRROR project had two interrelated goals: (i) advancing the understanding of the mechanisms used by the brain to learn and represent gestures and, inter-alia, (ii) building an artificial system that learns to communicate by means of body gestures. We adopted a three-pronged approach based on th ...
... The MIRROR project had two interrelated goals: (i) advancing the understanding of the mechanisms used by the brain to learn and represent gestures and, inter-alia, (ii) building an artificial system that learns to communicate by means of body gestures. We adopted a three-pronged approach based on th ...
angol tézisfüzet0531
... phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT) and dopamine-β-hydroxilase (DBH) enzymes, which are essential for adrenaline synthesis, while the noradrenergic neurons contain only DBH, which produces noradrenaline, without the presence of PNMT, therefore the presence or lack ofthese enzymes can be us ...
... phenylethanolamine-N-methyltransferase (PNMT) and dopamine-β-hydroxilase (DBH) enzymes, which are essential for adrenaline synthesis, while the noradrenergic neurons contain only DBH, which produces noradrenaline, without the presence of PNMT, therefore the presence or lack ofthese enzymes can be us ...
Contributions of cortical feedback to sensory processing in primary
... activity patterns between colored hues and gray scale objects associated with those hues, was interpreted as the result of the feedback of prior knowledge to V1 (Bannert and Bartels, 2013). The capacity of visual memory for object details is great (Brady et al., 2008); these details may be stored as ...
... activity patterns between colored hues and gray scale objects associated with those hues, was interpreted as the result of the feedback of prior knowledge to V1 (Bannert and Bartels, 2013). The capacity of visual memory for object details is great (Brady et al., 2008); these details may be stored as ...
Heterogeneous Integration of Bilateral Whisker Signals by Neurons
... barrel. That is, for some time after each stimulus the barrel columns can encode the activity of single whiskers. Similarly, Petersen et al. (2002) recently noted that the earliest evoked spike after an isolated punctate single-whisker stimulus contains most of the information about which the single ...
... barrel. That is, for some time after each stimulus the barrel columns can encode the activity of single whiskers. Similarly, Petersen et al. (2002) recently noted that the earliest evoked spike after an isolated punctate single-whisker stimulus contains most of the information about which the single ...
Selective Loss of Catecholaminergic Wake–Active Neurons in a
... (LTIH, n ⫽ 5; sham LTIH, n ⫽ 5) were used for double labeling of wake neuron identifier and cleaved caspase-3 (CC3) using polyclonal rabbit anti-cleaved caspase-3 primary antibody (1:500; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA). Specificity was confirmed with nonincubation with caspase-3 blocking pe ...
... (LTIH, n ⫽ 5; sham LTIH, n ⫽ 5) were used for double labeling of wake neuron identifier and cleaved caspase-3 (CC3) using polyclonal rabbit anti-cleaved caspase-3 primary antibody (1:500; Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA). Specificity was confirmed with nonincubation with caspase-3 blocking pe ...
Principles of Neural Science
... impulses, and (3) a response to this signal in the form of a perception or conscious experience of sensation. Their findings gave rise to the fields of psychophysics and sensory physiology. Psychophysics focused on the relationship between the physical characteristics of a stimulus and the attribute ...
... impulses, and (3) a response to this signal in the form of a perception or conscious experience of sensation. Their findings gave rise to the fields of psychophysics and sensory physiology. Psychophysics focused on the relationship between the physical characteristics of a stimulus and the attribute ...
Multimodal Integration in Rostral Fastigial Nucleus Provides an
... protocols were approved by the McGill University Animal Care Committee and were in compliance with the guidelines of the Canadian Council on Animal Care. Surgical procedures. The surgical techniques and anesthesia protocols were similar to those previously described by Roy and Cullen (2001). Briefly ...
... protocols were approved by the McGill University Animal Care Committee and were in compliance with the guidelines of the Canadian Council on Animal Care. Surgical procedures. The surgical techniques and anesthesia protocols were similar to those previously described by Roy and Cullen (2001). Briefly ...
Pierre Berthet Computational Modeling of the Basal Ganglia – Functional Pathways
... very large number of interdependent dynamical systems, at different levels. It is suggested that the evolutionary reason for the brain is to produce adaptable and complex movements. The human brain, and its disproportionally large neocortex, seems to be capable of much more, but some argue that it a ...
... very large number of interdependent dynamical systems, at different levels. It is suggested that the evolutionary reason for the brain is to produce adaptable and complex movements. The human brain, and its disproportionally large neocortex, seems to be capable of much more, but some argue that it a ...
Mirror neurons responding to the observation of ingestive and
... Mirror neurons for mouth actions in F5 a three-dimensional (3-D) system. This system is constituted of two video-cameras (xc-999p, SONY), a 3-D to 2-D switching box (vrmux2p, VREX), a card and a 3-D projector (VR2100, VREX). Several different hand and mouth actions performed by the experimenter or ...
... Mirror neurons for mouth actions in F5 a three-dimensional (3-D) system. This system is constituted of two video-cameras (xc-999p, SONY), a 3-D to 2-D switching box (vrmux2p, VREX), a card and a 3-D projector (VR2100, VREX). Several different hand and mouth actions performed by the experimenter or ...
Current Challenges Facing the Translation of Brain
... to point processes using voltage thresholding, simplifying the design of decoding algorithms, especially when large MEAs are employed. Further analysis using automated or semiautomated clustering algorithms or manual feature detection allows classification of multiple individual neurons recorded fro ...
... to point processes using voltage thresholding, simplifying the design of decoding algorithms, especially when large MEAs are employed. Further analysis using automated or semiautomated clustering algorithms or manual feature detection allows classification of multiple individual neurons recorded fro ...
Extracellular Matrix Molecules and Cell Adhesion Molecules Induce
... LN are used to coat nitrocellulose substrates (see also Fig. 2, E and F). The availability of purified CAMs that induce neurite growth allows a test of the generality of this C kinase result. H7 does not prevent the growth of neurites induced by Con A in CG neurons, suggesting that C kinase function ...
... LN are used to coat nitrocellulose substrates (see also Fig. 2, E and F). The availability of purified CAMs that induce neurite growth allows a test of the generality of this C kinase result. H7 does not prevent the growth of neurites induced by Con A in CG neurons, suggesting that C kinase function ...
A Model of Prefrontal Cortical Mechanisms for Goal-directed Behavior Michael E. Hasselmo Abstract
... spreads over connections Wg from the goR population in the ‘‘Reward’’ minicolumn to the input population gi in the ‘‘East’’ state minicolumn. These connections were strengthened during previous exploration of the environment (as described in the Methods section below), allowing units in go to activa ...
... spreads over connections Wg from the goR population in the ‘‘Reward’’ minicolumn to the input population gi in the ‘‘East’’ state minicolumn. These connections were strengthened during previous exploration of the environment (as described in the Methods section below), allowing units in go to activa ...
Where do mirror neurons come from?
... Associative learning is a form of learning that results from exposure to a relationship between two events. ‘Conditioning procedures’ arrange different types of relationship between events. Research examining the effects of conditioning procedures on animal behaviour has shown that associative learn ...
... Associative learning is a form of learning that results from exposure to a relationship between two events. ‘Conditioning procedures’ arrange different types of relationship between events. Research examining the effects of conditioning procedures on animal behaviour has shown that associative learn ...