Rapid Alterations in Diffusion-weighted Images with Anatomic
... immediately anterior to the slice where the hippocampus can be seen curling inferiorly. This position corresponded approximately to bregma 23.60 mm and maximized the cross-sectional area of each ROI (Fig 1) (21). Cheshire image processing software (Hayden Image Processing Group, Waltham, MA) was use ...
... immediately anterior to the slice where the hippocampus can be seen curling inferiorly. This position corresponded approximately to bregma 23.60 mm and maximized the cross-sectional area of each ROI (Fig 1) (21). Cheshire image processing software (Hayden Image Processing Group, Waltham, MA) was use ...
The effect of spinal cord injury on the neurochemical properties of
... and xylazine (10mg/kg), injected intraperitoneally, for spinal transection. All surgeries ...
... and xylazine (10mg/kg), injected intraperitoneally, for spinal transection. All surgeries ...
The C. elegans Connectome Consists of Homogenous Circuits with
... medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: All code files generated in this study are available on github: http:// AzulEye.github.io/HomogeneousSetsFinder. The files include the code for generating all the figures in the manuscript as well as the rando ...
... medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: All code files generated in this study are available on github: http:// AzulEye.github.io/HomogeneousSetsFinder. The files include the code for generating all the figures in the manuscript as well as the rando ...
Chapter 15 Perceptual Development
... If these sensory experiences were merely a confusing mess, should not infants seek quiet? Yes, they sleep a lot but they also just stare around actively. The problem is how to study the sensory abilities of infants. The psychophysical methods discussed in Chapter 2 will not work, at least as describ ...
... If these sensory experiences were merely a confusing mess, should not infants seek quiet? Yes, they sleep a lot but they also just stare around actively. The problem is how to study the sensory abilities of infants. The psychophysical methods discussed in Chapter 2 will not work, at least as describ ...
Sensory Afferent Neurotransmission in Caudal Nucleus Tractus
... rate attained during the depolarizing current and can greatly reduce or eliminate SFA. Various neurons in mNTS with excitatory connections to ST all show DE and SFA, but to varying degrees. Using a comprehensive mathematical model representation of mNTS neurons, we have coupled data from isolated cu ...
... rate attained during the depolarizing current and can greatly reduce or eliminate SFA. Various neurons in mNTS with excitatory connections to ST all show DE and SFA, but to varying degrees. Using a comprehensive mathematical model representation of mNTS neurons, we have coupled data from isolated cu ...
Chapter 29 - krigolson teaching
... much of the visual scene is ordinarily blurred by the speed of eye movement. But why does the blur not reach consciousness? Two underlying mechanisms in combination probably account for this perceptual omission. The first mechanism is visual masking, which is the effect one image has on another when ...
... much of the visual scene is ordinarily blurred by the speed of eye movement. But why does the blur not reach consciousness? Two underlying mechanisms in combination probably account for this perceptual omission. The first mechanism is visual masking, which is the effect one image has on another when ...
PVLV: The Primary Value and Learned Value
... added to learn about reward associations for conditioned stimuli. In addition to the biological motivations for such a division of labor mentioned earlier (and elaborated below), there are some computational advantages for adopting this approach. Principally, the relationship between a CS and a subs ...
... added to learn about reward associations for conditioned stimuli. In addition to the biological motivations for such a division of labor mentioned earlier (and elaborated below), there are some computational advantages for adopting this approach. Principally, the relationship between a CS and a subs ...
SCENTS AND SENSIBILITY: A MOLECULAR LOGIC OF OLFACTORY PERCEPTION
... (20,21). These experiments provide a solution to the first question; we recognize the vast array of molecular structures defined as odorants by maintaining in our genome a large number of genes encoding odorant receptors. The observation that over 1000 receptors are required to accommodate the detec ...
... (20,21). These experiments provide a solution to the first question; we recognize the vast array of molecular structures defined as odorants by maintaining in our genome a large number of genes encoding odorant receptors. The observation that over 1000 receptors are required to accommodate the detec ...
Predictive Coding as a Model of Biased Competition in Visual
... such that the rows are normalised to have a maximum value of one. The parameter is a small constant (i.e., 1 × 10−10 ) that prevents division-by-zero errors in the calculation of e and allows the values of y to increase from an initial value of zero, and and ⊗ indicate element-wise division and ...
... such that the rows are normalised to have a maximum value of one. The parameter is a small constant (i.e., 1 × 10−10 ) that prevents division-by-zero errors in the calculation of e and allows the values of y to increase from an initial value of zero, and and ⊗ indicate element-wise division and ...
Selectivity for the Shape, Size, and Orientation of Objects for
... orientation of objects for grasping in neurons of monkey parietal area AIP. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 2580 –2601, 2000. In this study, we mainly investigated the visual selectivity of hand-manipulation-related neurons in the anterior intraparietal area (area AIP) while the animal was grasping or fixating ...
... orientation of objects for grasping in neurons of monkey parietal area AIP. J. Neurophysiol. 83: 2580 –2601, 2000. In this study, we mainly investigated the visual selectivity of hand-manipulation-related neurons in the anterior intraparietal area (area AIP) while the animal was grasping or fixating ...
PDF
... humans, triggering the startle response at rest with a loud auditory stimulus produces activity in many muscles throughout the body, almost always including both the orbicularis oculi (OO) and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and with predominant flexor activity in limb muscles (Landis and Hunt, 1939). Thi ...
... humans, triggering the startle response at rest with a loud auditory stimulus produces activity in many muscles throughout the body, almost always including both the orbicularis oculi (OO) and sternocleidomastoid (SCM) and with predominant flexor activity in limb muscles (Landis and Hunt, 1939). Thi ...
Recounting the impact of Hubel and Wiesel
... David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel provided a quantum step in our understanding of the visual system. In this commemoration of the 50th year of their initial publication, I would like to examine two aspects of the impact of their work. First, from the viewpoint of those interested in the relation of bra ...
... David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel provided a quantum step in our understanding of the visual system. In this commemoration of the 50th year of their initial publication, I would like to examine two aspects of the impact of their work. First, from the viewpoint of those interested in the relation of bra ...
Unsupervised Learning of Cell Activities in the Associative Cortex of Behaving Monkeys, Using HMM
... The cortex is considered the part of the human brain that is essential to the processing of information. The human cortex consists of a vast number of neurons (around 1010), which are connected via synapses, each neuron typically receiving 104 - 105 synapses [1]. It is assumed that this structure en ...
... The cortex is considered the part of the human brain that is essential to the processing of information. The human cortex consists of a vast number of neurons (around 1010), which are connected via synapses, each neuron typically receiving 104 - 105 synapses [1]. It is assumed that this structure en ...
Nerve Regeneration in C. elegans after femtosecond laser axotomy
... by incubating the worms in the dye solution. Then, we cut the dendrite of a neuron that connects the cell body to the sensory ending. Next, we incubated the worm with red fluorescent DiI dye to test the dye uptake through dendrite following axotomy. The unoperated neuron was completely filled with D ...
... by incubating the worms in the dye solution. Then, we cut the dendrite of a neuron that connects the cell body to the sensory ending. Next, we incubated the worm with red fluorescent DiI dye to test the dye uptake through dendrite following axotomy. The unoperated neuron was completely filled with D ...
Integration of Sensory and Reward Information
... 1 Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America, 2 Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America ...
... 1 Howard Hughes Medical Institute and Department of Neurobiology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, United States of America, 2 Department of Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America ...
Prevalent Presence of Periodic Actin-spectrin-based
... neuronal subtypes exhibited a periodic distribution of βII spectrin in their axons, with a spacing of ~190 nm. Autocorrelation analyses showed that the degree of periodicity (i.e. autocorrelation amplitude) was similar among most of these excitatory and inhibitory neurons (Fig. 2J, K). Two exception ...
... neuronal subtypes exhibited a periodic distribution of βII spectrin in their axons, with a spacing of ~190 nm. Autocorrelation analyses showed that the degree of periodicity (i.e. autocorrelation amplitude) was similar among most of these excitatory and inhibitory neurons (Fig. 2J, K). Two exception ...
Executive Control Over Cognition: Stronger and Earlier Rule
... Human cognition is characterized by flexibility, the ability to select not only which action but which cognitive process to engage to best achieve the current behavioral objective. The ability to tailor information processing in the brain to rules, goals, or context is typically referred to as execu ...
... Human cognition is characterized by flexibility, the ability to select not only which action but which cognitive process to engage to best achieve the current behavioral objective. The ability to tailor information processing in the brain to rules, goals, or context is typically referred to as execu ...
Identified nerve cells and insect behavior
... of identified sensory interneurons. First, within a species, there are profound differences in neuronal organization associated with both the sex and the social experience of the individual. Second, single neurons exhibit some surprisingly rich examples of computational sophistication in terms of (a ...
... of identified sensory interneurons. First, within a species, there are profound differences in neuronal organization associated with both the sex and the social experience of the individual. Second, single neurons exhibit some surprisingly rich examples of computational sophistication in terms of (a ...