Neuronal Activity in Substantia Nigra Pars Reticulata during Target
... occurring SNr spike was provided as input to a stimulator (Astro-Med Instruments S88) providing a current-balanced pulse to the SC. This test was inconclusive in some cases because of the short latency of the SNr antidromic spike and the delays inherent in the hardware used for the production of the ...
... occurring SNr spike was provided as input to a stimulator (Astro-Med Instruments S88) providing a current-balanced pulse to the SC. This test was inconclusive in some cases because of the short latency of the SNr antidromic spike and the delays inherent in the hardware used for the production of the ...
Frontal Eye Field Neurons Reflect Covert, Serial Shifts of Attention
... A similar pattern was observed across all of the recording sessions. Both animals showed a tendency to start searching from a preferred target location: Monkey S responded quickest to the bottom-right (8/10 recording sessions, p = 3.0 * 10-5, binomial distribution), while monkey W tended to begin fr ...
... A similar pattern was observed across all of the recording sessions. Both animals showed a tendency to start searching from a preferred target location: Monkey S responded quickest to the bottom-right (8/10 recording sessions, p = 3.0 * 10-5, binomial distribution), while monkey W tended to begin fr ...
The role of the hypothalamic dorsomedial nucleus in the central
... 5.2.2. PrRP-containing nerve fibers and terminals in the DMH PrRP immunolabeling was detected in different parts of the hypothalamus. PrRP-ir cell bodies appeared exclusively in the most caudal part of the DMH, while PrRP-ir fibers were present in the dorsal and ventral subdivisions of the DMH, as ...
... 5.2.2. PrRP-containing nerve fibers and terminals in the DMH PrRP immunolabeling was detected in different parts of the hypothalamus. PrRP-ir cell bodies appeared exclusively in the most caudal part of the DMH, while PrRP-ir fibers were present in the dorsal and ventral subdivisions of the DMH, as ...
NEURAL ACTIVITY RELATED TO ANTICIPATED REWARD:
... species, extending from pigeons to humans, value judgments are subject to time-discounting. A reward of a given size is perceived as having greater or lesser value according to whether delivery is anticipated after a shorter or longer delay (Cardinal et al. 2001; Evenden and Ryan 1996; Herrnstein 1 ...
... species, extending from pigeons to humans, value judgments are subject to time-discounting. A reward of a given size is perceived as having greater or lesser value according to whether delivery is anticipated after a shorter or longer delay (Cardinal et al. 2001; Evenden and Ryan 1996; Herrnstein 1 ...
Opposite Functions of Histamine H1 and H2 Receptors and H3
... the recording electrode (Zhou and Hablitz 1996). After electrophysiological recordings, brain slices were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (PB) at 4°C overnight. Without resectioning, slices were then processed for visualization of neurobiotin-filled neurons. Endogenous peroxid ...
... the recording electrode (Zhou and Hablitz 1996). After electrophysiological recordings, brain slices were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (PB) at 4°C overnight. Without resectioning, slices were then processed for visualization of neurobiotin-filled neurons. Endogenous peroxid ...
C-fos Expression in the Pons and Medulla of the Cat during
... Tables I, 2). Because the activity in a number of pontomedullary structures is known to be correlated during active sleep, a multivariate method for comparing mean profiles between groups, such as a multivariate ANOVA (MANOVA) test, is necessary. However, a MANOVA comparison of mean profiles require ...
... Tables I, 2). Because the activity in a number of pontomedullary structures is known to be correlated during active sleep, a multivariate method for comparing mean profiles between groups, such as a multivariate ANOVA (MANOVA) test, is necessary. However, a MANOVA comparison of mean profiles require ...
Emotion, Cognition, and Mental State Representation in Amygdala
... respond only to the pleasantness of a sensory stimulus, and not to its identity, to its meaning, or to the context in which the stimulus appears. When neurons encode only one variable, other neurons may easily read out the information represented, and the representation can, in principle, be modified ...
... respond only to the pleasantness of a sensory stimulus, and not to its identity, to its meaning, or to the context in which the stimulus appears. When neurons encode only one variable, other neurons may easily read out the information represented, and the representation can, in principle, be modified ...
Kalirin, a Multifunctional Rho Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor
... Figure 1. Developmental changes in Kalirin expression. A, Kalirin probes and antibodies. Kal-12 has multiple spectrin-like 1 B,C). In situ hybridization and immunorepeats, two Rho GEF domains, two SH3 motifs, Ig and fibronectin III motifs, and a kinase domain; unique regions in the major staining wi ...
... Figure 1. Developmental changes in Kalirin expression. A, Kalirin probes and antibodies. Kal-12 has multiple spectrin-like 1 B,C). In situ hybridization and immunorepeats, two Rho GEF domains, two SH3 motifs, Ig and fibronectin III motifs, and a kinase domain; unique regions in the major staining wi ...
New Insights on Neural Basis of Choice
... with valuing the two options. Which one of them will have the highest value, the juicy apple or the sweet strawberry? In the past decade, numerous experiments have reported that the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) plays a critical role in the valuation process (Bartra et al., 2013). Evidence for a neural ...
... with valuing the two options. Which one of them will have the highest value, the juicy apple or the sweet strawberry? In the past decade, numerous experiments have reported that the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) plays a critical role in the valuation process (Bartra et al., 2013). Evidence for a neural ...
Location and connectivity determine GABAergic interneuron survival in the brains... South Hampshire sheep with CLN6 neuronal ceroid lipofuscinosis
... et al., 2002). Quantitative PCR studies showed that CLN6 expression is severely reduced in them, but the underlying mutation has yet to be determined. It is probably a novel non-coding mutation in a regulatory region, which may have human analogs (Tammen et al., 2006). To gain insights into the path ...
... et al., 2002). Quantitative PCR studies showed that CLN6 expression is severely reduced in them, but the underlying mutation has yet to be determined. It is probably a novel non-coding mutation in a regulatory region, which may have human analogs (Tammen et al., 2006). To gain insights into the path ...
Distinct Functions of 3 and V Integrin Receptors
... adhered to each other freely. In some cortical imprint neuronal migration assays, dense cohorts of neurons were found to migrate on radial glial fibers (Figure 5G). The inhibition of a3 integrins in these assays caused neurons not only to stop their migration on radial glial strands but also to atta ...
... adhered to each other freely. In some cortical imprint neuronal migration assays, dense cohorts of neurons were found to migrate on radial glial fibers (Figure 5G). The inhibition of a3 integrins in these assays caused neurons not only to stop their migration on radial glial strands but also to atta ...
Physiol. Res. 49: 000
... The strategy of this coding supposes that interspike intervals presented to higher order neurons would minimally be deprived of information included in interspike intervals at the axonal initial segment. Our experiments were conducted using a computer model of the myelinated axon constructed in a so ...
... The strategy of this coding supposes that interspike intervals presented to higher order neurons would minimally be deprived of information included in interspike intervals at the axonal initial segment. Our experiments were conducted using a computer model of the myelinated axon constructed in a so ...
lmmunocytochemical Mapping of 18236, A Brain
... two-thirds of the lB236 mRNA sequence, and the amino acid sequence deduced from it corresponds to the carboxy-terminal half of the protein. In “Northern” blotting analyses, 1 B236 mRNA is found to be unequally distributed in the adult rat brain, with an abundarice roughly following a caudalto-rostra ...
... two-thirds of the lB236 mRNA sequence, and the amino acid sequence deduced from it corresponds to the carboxy-terminal half of the protein. In “Northern” blotting analyses, 1 B236 mRNA is found to be unequally distributed in the adult rat brain, with an abundarice roughly following a caudalto-rostra ...
Differential regulation of the central neural cardiorespiratory system
... cardiorespiratory system. At the most simplistic level, central cardiovascular control is concerned with the maintenance of ‘tone’ in the cardiovascular system and the elaboration of reflex responses to sudden changes in blood pressure, oxygen, pH or other inputs such as regional requirements for in ...
... cardiorespiratory system. At the most simplistic level, central cardiovascular control is concerned with the maintenance of ‘tone’ in the cardiovascular system and the elaboration of reflex responses to sudden changes in blood pressure, oxygen, pH or other inputs such as regional requirements for in ...
Emerging roles of Axin in cerebral cortical development
... positioning of neurons, establishment of axon–dendrite polarity, and formation of proper neuronal connectivity. Deficits in any of these processes greatly impair neural functions and are associated with various human neurodevelopmental disorders including microcephaly, cortical heterotopias, and aut ...
... positioning of neurons, establishment of axon–dendrite polarity, and formation of proper neuronal connectivity. Deficits in any of these processes greatly impair neural functions and are associated with various human neurodevelopmental disorders including microcephaly, cortical heterotopias, and aut ...
Name__________________________________ The Spinal Cord
... The Spinal Cord and Reflexes Lab A reflex arc represents the simplest type of nerve pathway found in the brain. It may consist of only 2 or 3 neurons. The pathway is an automatic, unconscious response to a change in the external environment and does not involve the brain. The main steps of a reflex ...
... The Spinal Cord and Reflexes Lab A reflex arc represents the simplest type of nerve pathway found in the brain. It may consist of only 2 or 3 neurons. The pathway is an automatic, unconscious response to a change in the external environment and does not involve the brain. The main steps of a reflex ...
ALGORITHMICS - Universitatea de Vest din Timisoara
... The complex behavior emerges from simple rules which interact and are applied in parallel This bottom-up approach is opposite to the top down approach particular to classical artificial intelligence The learning ability derives from the adaptability of some parameters associated with the proce ...
... The complex behavior emerges from simple rules which interact and are applied in parallel This bottom-up approach is opposite to the top down approach particular to classical artificial intelligence The learning ability derives from the adaptability of some parameters associated with the proce ...
GABAergic Influence on Taste Information in the Central Gustatory
... of GABAergic synapses with the endings of primary gustatory afferent nerves would allow them to modify incoming gustatory information from these nerves. With the presence and some general histological characteristics of GABA receptors in the NST established, the question becomes what the functional ...
... of GABAergic synapses with the endings of primary gustatory afferent nerves would allow them to modify incoming gustatory information from these nerves. With the presence and some general histological characteristics of GABA receptors in the NST established, the question becomes what the functional ...
ChennWalshCeCortexJu..
... β-catenin in neuronal progenitor cells developed grossly enlarged brains with greatly increased cerebral cortical surface area so extensive that the normally smooth cerebral cortex of the mouse formed convoluted folds resembling the gyri and sulci of higher mammals (Fig. 1) (Chenn and Walsh, 2002). ...
... β-catenin in neuronal progenitor cells developed grossly enlarged brains with greatly increased cerebral cortical surface area so extensive that the normally smooth cerebral cortex of the mouse formed convoluted folds resembling the gyri and sulci of higher mammals (Fig. 1) (Chenn and Walsh, 2002). ...
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... a) ligand-gated Ca+2 channels close rapidly. b) voltage-gated Ca+2 channels open rapidly. c) ligand-gated Na+ channels close rapidly. d) voltage-gated Na+ channels open rapidly. e) none of these choices occur. Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 12.3 Describe the types of electrical s ...
... a) ligand-gated Ca+2 channels close rapidly. b) voltage-gated Ca+2 channels open rapidly. c) ligand-gated Na+ channels close rapidly. d) voltage-gated Na+ channels open rapidly. e) none of these choices occur. Answer: d Difficulty: Medium Study Objective 1: SO 12.3 Describe the types of electrical s ...