Feedforward and feedback inhibition in neostriatal GABAergic spiny
... afterhyperpolarization and fired rebound spikes following the offset of a hyperpolarizing current pulse delivered when the cell was depolarized (Fig. 4B), characteristics different from those of either PV+ or LTS neurons. Depolarization from rest sometimes evoked a plateau-like potential that did no ...
... afterhyperpolarization and fired rebound spikes following the offset of a hyperpolarizing current pulse delivered when the cell was depolarized (Fig. 4B), characteristics different from those of either PV+ or LTS neurons. Depolarization from rest sometimes evoked a plateau-like potential that did no ...
Article 5 - Graduate Program in Neuroscience | UBC
... of reinforcer (liquid or sound). Each trial contained two delay periods, namely the instruction–trigger delay, during which the animal remembered the type of instruction and prepared for the behavioral reaction (delay 1 in Fig. 1), and the trigger–reinforcer delay, during which the animal could expe ...
... of reinforcer (liquid or sound). Each trial contained two delay periods, namely the instruction–trigger delay, during which the animal remembered the type of instruction and prepared for the behavioral reaction (delay 1 in Fig. 1), and the trigger–reinforcer delay, during which the animal could expe ...
Expectancies in decision making, reinforcement
... Decisions can arise in different ways, such as from a gut feeling, doing what worked last time, or planful deliberation. Different decision-making systems are dissociable behaviorally, map onto distinct brain systems, and have different computational demands. For instance, “model-free” decision stra ...
... Decisions can arise in different ways, such as from a gut feeling, doing what worked last time, or planful deliberation. Different decision-making systems are dissociable behaviorally, map onto distinct brain systems, and have different computational demands. For instance, “model-free” decision stra ...
The functional anatomy of basal ganglia disorders
... isocortex ~4. The neurotransmitter of the corti- intruding into the normal flow of motor activity. In costriatal afferents is probably glutamate ~s. The addition, all these abnormal movements share a only other basal ganglia structure to receive signifi- common pharmacology in that the abnormal move ...
... isocortex ~4. The neurotransmitter of the corti- intruding into the normal flow of motor activity. In costriatal afferents is probably glutamate ~s. The addition, all these abnormal movements share a only other basal ganglia structure to receive signifi- common pharmacology in that the abnormal move ...
Gustatory Processing in Drosophila Higher Brain Centers By
... was not identified until much later. This gene is preferentially expressed in the dorsal paired medial (DPM) neurons (Waddell et al., 2000), which have been shown to play an important role in memory consolidation. These genetic studies, and many others like them, have produced profound insights into ...
... was not identified until much later. This gene is preferentially expressed in the dorsal paired medial (DPM) neurons (Waddell et al., 2000), which have been shown to play an important role in memory consolidation. These genetic studies, and many others like them, have produced profound insights into ...
Serotonin modulates responses to species
... 200 V DC and driven as a loudspeaker, or a custom made loudspeaker (Schuller 1997). The B&K loudspeaker was flat within ±5 dB from 18 kHz to at least 60 kHz and the custom made loudspeaker was flat ± 6 dB from 10 to about 90 kHz, where harmonic distortions were at least 34 dB below the fundamental fre ...
... 200 V DC and driven as a loudspeaker, or a custom made loudspeaker (Schuller 1997). The B&K loudspeaker was flat within ±5 dB from 18 kHz to at least 60 kHz and the custom made loudspeaker was flat ± 6 dB from 10 to about 90 kHz, where harmonic distortions were at least 34 dB below the fundamental fre ...
Cortical afferents to the smooth-pursuit region of the macaque
... Parameters of microstimulation and methods of testing pursuit neurons have been described elsewhere (Gottlieb et al. 1993, 1994; Shi et al. 1998). Sites were found where pursuit-like eye movements were electrically elicited and/ or where neurons specifically responded during smooth pursuit and not in ...
... Parameters of microstimulation and methods of testing pursuit neurons have been described elsewhere (Gottlieb et al. 1993, 1994; Shi et al. 1998). Sites were found where pursuit-like eye movements were electrically elicited and/ or where neurons specifically responded during smooth pursuit and not in ...
STATE-DEPENDENT OPIOID CONTROL OF PAIN
... through actions on primary afferents25 and nociceptive relay neurons in the dorsal horn26,27, but this review will focus on supraspinal modulatory circuits. The MOR is present in all of the known supraspinal components of the pain-modulation circuit including the insular cortex, amygdala, hypothalam ...
... through actions on primary afferents25 and nociceptive relay neurons in the dorsal horn26,27, but this review will focus on supraspinal modulatory circuits. The MOR is present in all of the known supraspinal components of the pain-modulation circuit including the insular cortex, amygdala, hypothalam ...
Discharge Patterns of Neurons in the Ventral Nucleus of the Lateral
... peaks corresponded to the evenly spaced action potentials of a regular discharge. In unusual chopper neurons, the action potential associated with a particular peak could fail to occur during any one presentation of the stimulus. Unusual chopper neurons had a relatively irregular discharge. Phasic n ...
... peaks corresponded to the evenly spaced action potentials of a regular discharge. In unusual chopper neurons, the action potential associated with a particular peak could fail to occur during any one presentation of the stimulus. Unusual chopper neurons had a relatively irregular discharge. Phasic n ...
Production and Survival of Projection Neurons in a Forebrain Vocal
... stringent criterion for autoradiographic labeling we used, based on mean nuclear diameter, tends to ignore small pieces of 3H-labeled nuclei, which rarely if ever meet criterion level (Clark et al., 1990). This minimizes potential double-counting errors and, within the range of nuclear diameters fou ...
... stringent criterion for autoradiographic labeling we used, based on mean nuclear diameter, tends to ignore small pieces of 3H-labeled nuclei, which rarely if ever meet criterion level (Clark et al., 1990). This minimizes potential double-counting errors and, within the range of nuclear diameters fou ...
Chadha_umd_0117E_15128 - DRUM
... Addressing the question of airflow sensing by tactile hairs on bat wings requires some understanding of the aerodynamics of powered flight (especially in bats), as well as the anatomical and physiological properties of the underlying mechanosensors and sensorimotor circuits. Animal flight (bats, bir ...
... Addressing the question of airflow sensing by tactile hairs on bat wings requires some understanding of the aerodynamics of powered flight (especially in bats), as well as the anatomical and physiological properties of the underlying mechanosensors and sensorimotor circuits. Animal flight (bats, bir ...
Hindbrain catecholamine neurons mediate
... has not been assessed. However, these neurons not only provide dense innervation of forebrain areas implicated in the elicitation of ingestive behaviors, but also innervate hindbrain sites involved in visceral and gustatory functions [8 –15]. Thus, the distribution of NE and E terminals is compatibl ...
... has not been assessed. However, these neurons not only provide dense innervation of forebrain areas implicated in the elicitation of ingestive behaviors, but also innervate hindbrain sites involved in visceral and gustatory functions [8 –15]. Thus, the distribution of NE and E terminals is compatibl ...
Impairment of a parabolic bursting rhythm by the ectopic expression
... bursting activity by rSK2 overexpression is unlikely to be due to reduced spike duration, and is more likely to be due to rSK2-induced slow AHP that decays with a time constant of , 150 ms [14]. It is widely held that slowly activating, voltagedependent currents play a key role in producing the burs ...
... bursting activity by rSK2 overexpression is unlikely to be due to reduced spike duration, and is more likely to be due to rSK2-induced slow AHP that decays with a time constant of , 150 ms [14]. It is widely held that slowly activating, voltagedependent currents play a key role in producing the burs ...
Operant conditioning and motor cortex - D
... realize a particular movement, rather than the movement itself [14]. During the course of these seminal studies, an increasingly refined characterization of the relationship between cortical activity and volitional movement was made possible by an increasingly constrained behavioral paradigm. Initia ...
... realize a particular movement, rather than the movement itself [14]. During the course of these seminal studies, an increasingly refined characterization of the relationship between cortical activity and volitional movement was made possible by an increasingly constrained behavioral paradigm. Initia ...
Article - Perelman School of Medicine at the University of
... We next examined how each of the three sequentially born subtypes of CFu neurons is specifically affected by loss of SOX5. Nissl staining shows absence of a morphological SP in Sox5!/! cortex (Figures S1A and S1B). Using the SP-specific marker Ctgf (Heuer et al., 2003), we observed a lack of Ctgf-ex ...
... We next examined how each of the three sequentially born subtypes of CFu neurons is specifically affected by loss of SOX5. Nissl staining shows absence of a morphological SP in Sox5!/! cortex (Figures S1A and S1B). Using the SP-specific marker Ctgf (Heuer et al., 2003), we observed a lack of Ctgf-ex ...
Down
... line represents the new head properties of the same neuron when the rodent is placed in the new unfamiliar maze. The new response properties will normally be similar to the previous one, that is, head direction cells try to maintain approximately their response properties to specific head directions ...
... line represents the new head properties of the same neuron when the rodent is placed in the new unfamiliar maze. The new response properties will normally be similar to the previous one, that is, head direction cells try to maintain approximately their response properties to specific head directions ...
Down - 서울대 Biointelligence lab
... line represents the new head properties of the same neuron when the rodent is placed in the new unfamiliar maze. The new response properties will normally be similar to the previous one, that is, head direction cells try to maintain approximately their response properties to specific head directions ...
... line represents the new head properties of the same neuron when the rodent is placed in the new unfamiliar maze. The new response properties will normally be similar to the previous one, that is, head direction cells try to maintain approximately their response properties to specific head directions ...
THE REGULATION OF SLEEP AND WAKEFULNESS BY THE
... Among the multiple projections from orexin neurons, dense innervations to the DR, LC, and TMN are important for the regulation of sleep and wakefulness. Noradrenergic neurons of the LC28), serotonergic neurons of the DR29,30), and histaminergic neurons of the TMN31,32) are activated by orexins, and ...
... Among the multiple projections from orexin neurons, dense innervations to the DR, LC, and TMN are important for the regulation of sleep and wakefulness. Noradrenergic neurons of the LC28), serotonergic neurons of the DR29,30), and histaminergic neurons of the TMN31,32) are activated by orexins, and ...