Specificity in Inhibitory Systems Associated with Prefrontal Pathways to
... to inhibitory neurons labeled for calbindin (CB) or parvalbumin (PV), which differ in mode of inhibition. Projection neurons in area 10 originated mostly in layers 2--3 and were intermingled with CB inhibitory neurons. In contrast, projections from area 32 originated predominantly in layers 5--6 amo ...
... to inhibitory neurons labeled for calbindin (CB) or parvalbumin (PV), which differ in mode of inhibition. Projection neurons in area 10 originated mostly in layers 2--3 and were intermingled with CB inhibitory neurons. In contrast, projections from area 32 originated predominantly in layers 5--6 amo ...
Chemosensory pathways in the brainstem controlling
... so the localization of perikarya may yield little specific information about the potential functional role of any subnuclei. However, it is clear that the medial, dorsomedial and commissural subnuclei are particularly strongly innervated by chemoreceptor afferents Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B (2009) ...
... so the localization of perikarya may yield little specific information about the potential functional role of any subnuclei. However, it is clear that the medial, dorsomedial and commissural subnuclei are particularly strongly innervated by chemoreceptor afferents Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B (2009) ...
The sympathetic control of blood pressure.
... appropriate responses)11,12. How a set-point for BP might be encoded by the CNS and the nature of the error signals have yet to be established. The only well identified neural sensors that encode BP are the baroreceptors, but their contribution to the long-term regulation of BP has been repeatedly q ...
... appropriate responses)11,12. How a set-point for BP might be encoded by the CNS and the nature of the error signals have yet to be established. The only well identified neural sensors that encode BP are the baroreceptors, but their contribution to the long-term regulation of BP has been repeatedly q ...
Simulations of neuromuscular control in lamprey swimming
... All simulations described so far have been aimed at mimicking the isolated spinal cord preparation. Under in vivo conditions, however, the rhythm generating circuitry is intimately linked to the actual movements of the body. Even if the spinal circuitry can operate without sensory feedback, it is ev ...
... All simulations described so far have been aimed at mimicking the isolated spinal cord preparation. Under in vivo conditions, however, the rhythm generating circuitry is intimately linked to the actual movements of the body. Even if the spinal circuitry can operate without sensory feedback, it is ev ...
Ensemble Patterns of Hippocampal CA3
... indicated that, on average, local ripples developed and peaked at the same time, individual events could be “initiated” from any location. Thus, no particular recording site systematically “lead” the ripple event. Local ripples were correlated with single unit activity derived from the same electrod ...
... indicated that, on average, local ripples developed and peaked at the same time, individual events could be “initiated” from any location. Thus, no particular recording site systematically “lead” the ripple event. Local ripples were correlated with single unit activity derived from the same electrod ...
Hypothalamus - aHuman Project
... TRPV4 knock-out mice drink significantly more when infused with ADH-analogue dDAVP (i.e. when water retention is increased, which should result in decreased water intake) than wildtype mice. ...
... TRPV4 knock-out mice drink significantly more when infused with ADH-analogue dDAVP (i.e. when water retention is increased, which should result in decreased water intake) than wildtype mice. ...
Clustered Organization of Neurons with Similar Extra
... the electrode track tended to have similar ERF properties, either inhibitory (S ⬍ 0) or facilitatory (S ⬎ 0). Second, the length of electrode track covering neurons of similar ERF properties appeared to be limited, with each electrode track encountering several groups of neurons that alternated betw ...
... the electrode track tended to have similar ERF properties, either inhibitory (S ⬍ 0) or facilitatory (S ⬎ 0). Second, the length of electrode track covering neurons of similar ERF properties appeared to be limited, with each electrode track encountering several groups of neurons that alternated betw ...
Vesicular glutamate transporter 3
... ter of serotonergic neurons, whereas the DRDSh consists of scattered serotonergic neurons in the surrounding regions (Abrams et al., 2005; Lowry et al., 2008). The rat DR has, however, been indicated to contain a substantial number of nonserotonergic neurons (Descarries et al., 1982). Numerous studi ...
... ter of serotonergic neurons, whereas the DRDSh consists of scattered serotonergic neurons in the surrounding regions (Abrams et al., 2005; Lowry et al., 2008). The rat DR has, however, been indicated to contain a substantial number of nonserotonergic neurons (Descarries et al., 1982). Numerous studi ...
Tau pathology does not affect experience-driven single
... Figure 1 In vivo quantification of Arc::dVenus reporter in the visual cortex of rTg4510 mice. (a) Experiment outline. Structural visual stimulation paradigm described previously in [10] was followed by cranial window implantation over the medial extrastriate visual cortex and imaging on a multiphoto ...
... Figure 1 In vivo quantification of Arc::dVenus reporter in the visual cortex of rTg4510 mice. (a) Experiment outline. Structural visual stimulation paradigm described previously in [10] was followed by cranial window implantation over the medial extrastriate visual cortex and imaging on a multiphoto ...
Head-Direction Cells Recorded from the Postsubiculum in Freely
... “head-direction cells” (Ranck, 1984). Head-direction cells are named for the fact that each cell fires rapidly only when the head of a freely moving rat points in a restricted range of angles in the horizontal plane. (For brevity, the term “directional cell” will sometimesbe used as a synonym for he ...
... “head-direction cells” (Ranck, 1984). Head-direction cells are named for the fact that each cell fires rapidly only when the head of a freely moving rat points in a restricted range of angles in the horizontal plane. (For brevity, the term “directional cell” will sometimesbe used as a synonym for he ...
Basal ganglia discharge abnormalities in Parkinson`s disease
... undergoing functional neurosurgery as treatment for Parkinson’s disease. Moreover, decreases in discharge in GPi have been found in animals with dyskinesias induced by administration of dopaminergic drugs. It is noteworthy, however, that the predicted rate changes have not been found in all studies ...
... undergoing functional neurosurgery as treatment for Parkinson’s disease. Moreover, decreases in discharge in GPi have been found in animals with dyskinesias induced by administration of dopaminergic drugs. It is noteworthy, however, that the predicted rate changes have not been found in all studies ...
Human Neural Systems for Face Recognition and Social
... cognitive operation. Studies of patients with lesions or studies of normal volunteers with virtual lesions induced by methods such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (e.g., Hilgetag et al 2001) are necessary to address the question of whether a region is a necessary participant. Functional imaging ...
... cognitive operation. Studies of patients with lesions or studies of normal volunteers with virtual lesions induced by methods such as transcranial magnetic stimulation (e.g., Hilgetag et al 2001) are necessary to address the question of whether a region is a necessary participant. Functional imaging ...
Simultaneous Two-Photon Calcium Imaging of Entire Cortical
... neurons and interlaminar flow of neural impulses. This approach makes use of multiple intracellular and extracellular recordings (Sanchez-Vives and McCormick, 2000; Adesnik and Scanziani, 2010; Thomson, 2010), two-photon calcium imaging (MacLean et al., 2006), and voltage-sensitive dye imaging (Pete ...
... neurons and interlaminar flow of neural impulses. This approach makes use of multiple intracellular and extracellular recordings (Sanchez-Vives and McCormick, 2000; Adesnik and Scanziani, 2010; Thomson, 2010), two-photon calcium imaging (MacLean et al., 2006), and voltage-sensitive dye imaging (Pete ...
Musings on the Wanderer: What`s New in Our Understanding of
... that the vagal afferents have much greater regenerating capability compared with the efferent fibers. Plasticity of the nodose ganglia neurons after axotomy. It is well established that primary sensory neurons demonstrate an extraordinary plasticity in their messenger molecule expression when challe ...
... that the vagal afferents have much greater regenerating capability compared with the efferent fibers. Plasticity of the nodose ganglia neurons after axotomy. It is well established that primary sensory neurons demonstrate an extraordinary plasticity in their messenger molecule expression when challe ...
neural circuitry approaches to understanding the pathophysiology
... gions, an approach that, in extreme cases, has been critiqued as ‘‘neophrenology.’’ Although these models have been useful in stimulating studies of the structure–function relationships of the implicated brain regions, they have been limited in a number of respects, including the inability to accoun ...
... gions, an approach that, in extreme cases, has been critiqued as ‘‘neophrenology.’’ Although these models have been useful in stimulating studies of the structure–function relationships of the implicated brain regions, they have been limited in a number of respects, including the inability to accoun ...
Neuronal Activity and Ion Homeostasis in the Hypoxic Brain
... tool for understanding the electrical activity of cells during failure of ion concentration homeostasis. Chapter 6 describes the electrical activity of a large number of synaptically coupled neurons. It was studied how the single cell dynamics determine the emergent macroscopic activity. To allow th ...
... tool for understanding the electrical activity of cells during failure of ion concentration homeostasis. Chapter 6 describes the electrical activity of a large number of synaptically coupled neurons. It was studied how the single cell dynamics determine the emergent macroscopic activity. To allow th ...
Self-Organizing Feature Maps with Lateral Connections: Modeling
... The neocortex is the largest part of the mammalian brain, and appears to be the least genetically determined. Much of its structure and connectivity depends on electrical activity during development. Because various neocortical areas are very similar in anatomical structure and exhibit similar devel ...
... The neocortex is the largest part of the mammalian brain, and appears to be the least genetically determined. Much of its structure and connectivity depends on electrical activity during development. Because various neocortical areas are very similar in anatomical structure and exhibit similar devel ...
Behavioral flexibility is increased by optogenetic inhibition of
... We further examined the microstructure of learning by analyzing the number of times the animal made an erTo investigate the role of neural activity in the NAcc shell ror and then chose the correct lever on the next trial, divided by in different phases of their responses, rats were subjected to opto ...
... We further examined the microstructure of learning by analyzing the number of times the animal made an erTo investigate the role of neural activity in the NAcc shell ror and then chose the correct lever on the next trial, divided by in different phases of their responses, rats were subjected to opto ...
A Curious Commentary on a Book on Mirror Neurons and Other
... recognizing emotions, or perceiving speech sounds. In fact, I evaluated individual claims within their own systems. I asked whether damage to the motor speech system affected speech perception, whether damage to the limb control system affected manual gesture understanding, whether facial paralysis ...
... recognizing emotions, or perceiving speech sounds. In fact, I evaluated individual claims within their own systems. I asked whether damage to the motor speech system affected speech perception, whether damage to the limb control system affected manual gesture understanding, whether facial paralysis ...
Axonogenesis in the Brain of Zebrafish Embryos
... by commissures. Each tract is established by identified clusters of approximately 2-12 neurons found in discrete regions of the brain. Many identified clusters of neurons project axons in a defined direction appropriate for the cluster and have axons with stereotyped trajectories, suggesting that th ...
... by commissures. Each tract is established by identified clusters of approximately 2-12 neurons found in discrete regions of the brain. Many identified clusters of neurons project axons in a defined direction appropriate for the cluster and have axons with stereotyped trajectories, suggesting that th ...
The basic nonuniformity of the cerebral cortex
... allometry 兩 brain size 兩 primates 兩 number of neurons 兩 cortical surface ...
... allometry 兩 brain size 兩 primates 兩 number of neurons 兩 cortical surface ...