PERSPECTIVES
... particular action (for example, when grasping an object or holding it), and when it observes another individual (monkey or human) making a similar action (FIG. 1). Typically, mirror neurons do not respond to the sight of a hand mimicking an action in the absence of the target. Similarly, they do not ...
... particular action (for example, when grasping an object or holding it), and when it observes another individual (monkey or human) making a similar action (FIG. 1). Typically, mirror neurons do not respond to the sight of a hand mimicking an action in the absence of the target. Similarly, they do not ...
Fundamentals of the Nervous System and Nervous Tissue
... The billions of neurons, also called nerve cells, are the structural units of the nervous system. They are highly specialized cells that conduct messages in the form of nerve impulses from one part of the body to another. Besides their ability to conduct nerve impulses, neurons have some other speci ...
... The billions of neurons, also called nerve cells, are the structural units of the nervous system. They are highly specialized cells that conduct messages in the form of nerve impulses from one part of the body to another. Besides their ability to conduct nerve impulses, neurons have some other speci ...
Full Text - Harvard University
... and has largely fallen out of use. Prominent figures in psychology such as Bolles argued that specific drive alone may be sufficient to explain motivated behaviors, as 'by the time we have discovered what the associative determinants are for any particular behavior, there is very little left for [dr ...
... and has largely fallen out of use. Prominent figures in psychology such as Bolles argued that specific drive alone may be sufficient to explain motivated behaviors, as 'by the time we have discovered what the associative determinants are for any particular behavior, there is very little left for [dr ...
Cellular scaling rules for the brain of afrotherians
... orders that diverged about 95 million years ago, and therefore appear to be conserved in evolution, while neuronal scaling rules appear to be free to vary in evolution in a clade-specific manner. Here we analyze the cellular scaling rules that apply to the brain of afrotherians, believed to be the f ...
... orders that diverged about 95 million years ago, and therefore appear to be conserved in evolution, while neuronal scaling rules appear to be free to vary in evolution in a clade-specific manner. Here we analyze the cellular scaling rules that apply to the brain of afrotherians, believed to be the f ...
Serotonin release from the neuronal cell body and its long
... are that the latency from stimulation to the initiation of the large-scale exocytosis from any vesicle cluster depends on the distance and velocity of the vesicle transport; the dynamic interval of the fluorescence increase depends on the rate at which vesicles fuse with the membrane; and the platea ...
... are that the latency from stimulation to the initiation of the large-scale exocytosis from any vesicle cluster depends on the distance and velocity of the vesicle transport; the dynamic interval of the fluorescence increase depends on the rate at which vesicles fuse with the membrane; and the platea ...
MIrror neuRons based RObot Recognition - LIRA-Lab
... observation of action (Perrett at al. 1989), and sends output to area F5. Neurons in area PF are functionally heterogeneous. Most of them (about 90%) respond to sensory stimuli (Hyvarinen 1982; Leinonen and Nyman 1979; Fogassi et al. 1998; Gallese et al. 2002). About 50% of them discharge also in as ...
... observation of action (Perrett at al. 1989), and sends output to area F5. Neurons in area PF are functionally heterogeneous. Most of them (about 90%) respond to sensory stimuli (Hyvarinen 1982; Leinonen and Nyman 1979; Fogassi et al. 1998; Gallese et al. 2002). About 50% of them discharge also in as ...
Mesodermal and neuronal retinoids regulate the induction and
... In order to generate embryos with reduced RALDH2 in the paraxial mesoderm, we utilized transgenic mice that expressed Cre recombinase under the control of the “msd” fragment from the Delta1 promoter (msd:Cre), which drives heterologous gene expression in the paraxial mesoderm from E7 (Beckers et al. ...
... In order to generate embryos with reduced RALDH2 in the paraxial mesoderm, we utilized transgenic mice that expressed Cre recombinase under the control of the “msd” fragment from the Delta1 promoter (msd:Cre), which drives heterologous gene expression in the paraxial mesoderm from E7 (Beckers et al. ...
Role of Glucose-Induced Oxidative Stress - Diabetes
... although a random approach was taken for image capture from each well. Where appropriate, data were subjected to one-way ANOVA with post hoc comparison using Tukey’s test (Prism 4; GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA). In all other cases, standard two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test with Welch’s corre ...
... although a random approach was taken for image capture from each well. Where appropriate, data were subjected to one-way ANOVA with post hoc comparison using Tukey’s test (Prism 4; GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA). In all other cases, standard two-tailed unpaired Student’s t test with Welch’s corre ...
The response of cat visual cortex to flicker stimuli of variable frequency
... For the evaluation of LFP responses, these were first averaged over 10 successive trials. These averages were computed either over the full length of the response or for windows placed over the initial response phase (first 200 ms after onset of the flicker stimulus), steady state phase, or the phas ...
... For the evaluation of LFP responses, these were first averaged over 10 successive trials. These averages were computed either over the full length of the response or for windows placed over the initial response phase (first 200 ms after onset of the flicker stimulus), steady state phase, or the phas ...
Are cortical spikes conveyed to contralateral
... of seizure discharge (1-6). In this scenario, the fundamental neural mechanism is expressed as “transfer” of seizure discharges via the CC (1, 2, 6). Other terms, such as “propagation”, “transmission”, “travel”, or “spread” have also been used. However, the meaning of the term “transfer” has not bee ...
... of seizure discharge (1-6). In this scenario, the fundamental neural mechanism is expressed as “transfer” of seizure discharges via the CC (1, 2, 6). Other terms, such as “propagation”, “transmission”, “travel”, or “spread” have also been used. However, the meaning of the term “transfer” has not bee ...
Heterotopic Transcallosal Projections Are Present throughout the
... (Jacobson and Trojanowski, 1974; Wise and Jones, 1976). Later studies used biotinylated dextran amines (BDAs) to describe their organization in more detail and provide a more refined understanding of global connectivity in the cortex (Yorke and Caviness, 1975; Aboitiz and Montiel, 2003; Schüz et al. ...
... (Jacobson and Trojanowski, 1974; Wise and Jones, 1976). Later studies used biotinylated dextran amines (BDAs) to describe their organization in more detail and provide a more refined understanding of global connectivity in the cortex (Yorke and Caviness, 1975; Aboitiz and Montiel, 2003; Schüz et al. ...
Central projections of auditory receptor neurons of crickets
... neurons of crickets as revealed by confocal microscopy. Receptors tuned to ultrasonic frequencies (similar to those produced by echolocating, insectivorous bats), to a mid-range of frequencies, and a subset of those tuned to low, cricket-like frequencies have similar projections, terminating mediall ...
... neurons of crickets as revealed by confocal microscopy. Receptors tuned to ultrasonic frequencies (similar to those produced by echolocating, insectivorous bats), to a mid-range of frequencies, and a subset of those tuned to low, cricket-like frequencies have similar projections, terminating mediall ...
Signaling by truncated Dab1 protein - Development
... of p80 are sufficient for reelin signaling. However, a single copy of the truncated gene does not support normal development of the neocortex and hippocampus. The CA1 region of the hippocampus is split into two well-organized layers, while the marginal zone of the neocortex is invaded by late-born c ...
... of p80 are sufficient for reelin signaling. However, a single copy of the truncated gene does not support normal development of the neocortex and hippocampus. The CA1 region of the hippocampus is split into two well-organized layers, while the marginal zone of the neocortex is invaded by late-born c ...
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... exhibit facilitation to rapidly repeated sounds. Neurons in PAF do not exhibit strong selectivity for rate or direction of narrowband one octave FM sweeps. These results indicate that PAF, like nonprimary visual fields, processes sensory information on larger spectral and longer temporal scales than ...
... exhibit facilitation to rapidly repeated sounds. Neurons in PAF do not exhibit strong selectivity for rate or direction of narrowband one octave FM sweeps. These results indicate that PAF, like nonprimary visual fields, processes sensory information on larger spectral and longer temporal scales than ...
PDF - Oxford Academic - Oxford University Press
... saccade, becomes less precise with a longer delay. Moreover, it has been shown previously that spike-rate adaptation (SRA), a common property of cortical pyramidal neurons, weakens the excitability of those cells that fire in a sustained manner, leading a bump attractor to either move across the netw ...
... saccade, becomes less precise with a longer delay. Moreover, it has been shown previously that spike-rate adaptation (SRA), a common property of cortical pyramidal neurons, weakens the excitability of those cells that fire in a sustained manner, leading a bump attractor to either move across the netw ...
CORTICAL AFFERENT INPUT TO THE PRINCIPALS REGION OF THE RHESUS MONKEY H.
... relative proportion of labeled cells in visual, auditory, somatosensory, premotor and limbic cortical areas projecting to each site. The only site with a significant proportion of projections from visual association areas was the ventral bank of the caudal principalis region (Fig. IB, Z), whereas th ...
... relative proportion of labeled cells in visual, auditory, somatosensory, premotor and limbic cortical areas projecting to each site. The only site with a significant proportion of projections from visual association areas was the ventral bank of the caudal principalis region (Fig. IB, Z), whereas th ...
Patterning and axon guidance of cranial motor neurons
... are involved in elaborating axon projections have also been characterized. However, many important questions remain. The unique features of the differentiation programmes of each of the cranial nerves are only partly characterized. In particular, we know little about how patterning genes dictate the ...
... are involved in elaborating axon projections have also been characterized. However, many important questions remain. The unique features of the differentiation programmes of each of the cranial nerves are only partly characterized. In particular, we know little about how patterning genes dictate the ...
Acoustical Vision of Neglected Stimuli: Interaction among Spatially
... only visual stimuli were presented) or in cross-modal conditions (i.e., a sound was presented simultaneously to the visual target either at the same spatial position or at one of the remaining spatial positions). An auditory stimulus was found to significantly enhance the perceived intensity of the ...
... only visual stimuli were presented) or in cross-modal conditions (i.e., a sound was presented simultaneously to the visual target either at the same spatial position or at one of the remaining spatial positions). An auditory stimulus was found to significantly enhance the perceived intensity of the ...
The structure and connexions of neurons
... spinal cord, etc. proves not only that the protoplasmic expansions play a conducting role but even more that nervous movement in these prolongations is towards the cell or axon, while it is away from the cell in the axons. This formula, called the dynamic polarization of neurons, originated a long t ...
... spinal cord, etc. proves not only that the protoplasmic expansions play a conducting role but even more that nervous movement in these prolongations is towards the cell or axon, while it is away from the cell in the axons. This formula, called the dynamic polarization of neurons, originated a long t ...
Neurons, Brain Chemistry, and Neurotransmission
... from the balance outside the cell. This uneven distribution of ions creates an electrical potential across the cell membrane. This is called the resting membrane potential. In humans, the resting membrane potential ranges from –40 millivolts (mV) to –80 mV, with –65 mV as an average resting membrane ...
... from the balance outside the cell. This uneven distribution of ions creates an electrical potential across the cell membrane. This is called the resting membrane potential. In humans, the resting membrane potential ranges from –40 millivolts (mV) to –80 mV, with –65 mV as an average resting membrane ...
The functional organization of the intraparietal sulcus in humans and
... Kanwisher, 2001). These data are supported by studies of patients presenting with lesions of the parietal cortex and neuropsychological deficits such as visuospatial neglect, different forms of apraxia and other visuomotor coordination problems (for reviews see, for example, Marshall & Fink, 2001, 2 ...
... Kanwisher, 2001). These data are supported by studies of patients presenting with lesions of the parietal cortex and neuropsychological deficits such as visuospatial neglect, different forms of apraxia and other visuomotor coordination problems (for reviews see, for example, Marshall & Fink, 2001, 2 ...
Comparison of the Distributions of lpsilaterally and Contralaterally
... hemispheres. Two strongly interconnected regions which have been the subject of intensive anatomical, physiological, and behavioral studies are the area 17/18 border region and the posteromedial lateral suprasylvian area (area PMLS) of Palmer et al. (1978). The existence of extensive interconnection ...
... hemispheres. Two strongly interconnected regions which have been the subject of intensive anatomical, physiological, and behavioral studies are the area 17/18 border region and the posteromedial lateral suprasylvian area (area PMLS) of Palmer et al. (1978). The existence of extensive interconnection ...