Chapter 2 Intrinsic Dynamics of an Excitatory
... The present chapter examines the discrete-time dynamics of such coupled neuron pairs with four different types of nonlinear activation functions. The complex dynamical behavior of the system is generic for the different types of activation functions considered here. Features specific to each of the ...
... The present chapter examines the discrete-time dynamics of such coupled neuron pairs with four different types of nonlinear activation functions. The complex dynamical behavior of the system is generic for the different types of activation functions considered here. Features specific to each of the ...
Fine tuning of vestibular apparatus in terrestrial snail at Earth and
... snail statocyst to tilts in certain direction. Analysis of neural responses to tilts with different directions revealed that single receptor cells can respond to vestibular stimuli in all directions, but is specifically tuned for only one. Motion in this direction evokes strongest ON-responses of th ...
... snail statocyst to tilts in certain direction. Analysis of neural responses to tilts with different directions revealed that single receptor cells can respond to vestibular stimuli in all directions, but is specifically tuned for only one. Motion in this direction evokes strongest ON-responses of th ...
Excitatory Cerebellar Nucleocortical Circuit Provides Internal
... MFs of these animals were found predominantly in regions negative for Zebrin II, including the trough of the lobule simplex (Figures 3A–3C). More specifically, we observed that 90.5% (±3.3%), 88.5% (±6.2%), and 93.7% (±2.8%) of the nucleocortical MF originating in the anterior IpN terminated in the ...
... MFs of these animals were found predominantly in regions negative for Zebrin II, including the trough of the lobule simplex (Figures 3A–3C). More specifically, we observed that 90.5% (±3.3%), 88.5% (±6.2%), and 93.7% (±2.8%) of the nucleocortical MF originating in the anterior IpN terminated in the ...
Neuroanatomical characteristics of deep and superficial needling
... Previous studies from our laboratory have provided experimental evidence that motor and sensory neurons in the vicinity of classical acupuncture points follow a segmental pattern in the nervous system.14 15 17 In the present study, we have confirmed that this is also true of acupuncture point LI11, ...
... Previous studies from our laboratory have provided experimental evidence that motor and sensory neurons in the vicinity of classical acupuncture points follow a segmental pattern in the nervous system.14 15 17 In the present study, we have confirmed that this is also true of acupuncture point LI11, ...
The Preoptic Nucleus in Fishes: A Comparative Discussion of
... mammals and many excellent reviews have the pituitary gland. Such antidromically appeared recently on this topic (see Cross, identified neurons are supposedly endoI974a,b; Cross and Dyball, 1974; Cross et crine in function. The cells were found to al., 1975; Hayward, 1972, 19746). It is not have low ...
... mammals and many excellent reviews have the pituitary gland. Such antidromically appeared recently on this topic (see Cross, identified neurons are supposedly endoI974a,b; Cross and Dyball, 1974; Cross et crine in function. The cells were found to al., 1975; Hayward, 1972, 19746). It is not have low ...
Amo, Neuron, 2014
... activated to negative or aversive emotional events or by situations where the outcome does not match the initial expectation, suggesting a role in transmitting antireward and aversive information (Matsumoto and Hikosaka, 2007, 2009). LHb neurons are connected to GABAergic neurons in the rostromedial ...
... activated to negative or aversive emotional events or by situations where the outcome does not match the initial expectation, suggesting a role in transmitting antireward and aversive information (Matsumoto and Hikosaka, 2007, 2009). LHb neurons are connected to GABAergic neurons in the rostromedial ...
The posterior parietal cortex: Sensorimotor interface for the planning
... leftmost column shows 3 neurons that encode target and hand position separably, in eye coordinates. Each cell is tuned for a target location in the upper visual field but one responds to rightward position (the top cell), another center, and the third leftward (bottom cell). These cells are also tun ...
... leftmost column shows 3 neurons that encode target and hand position separably, in eye coordinates. Each cell is tuned for a target location in the upper visual field but one responds to rightward position (the top cell), another center, and the third leftward (bottom cell). These cells are also tun ...
Rostral Fastigial Nucleus Activity in the Alert Monkey During Three
... Neurons responding to dynamic vertical stimulation composed Ç15–20% of the neurons tested. Some of these nonresponsive neurons localized in the caudal FN were clearly modulated with saccades (Büttner et al. 1991; Fuchs et al. 1993) and will not be considered here. Neurons with both vestibular and s ...
... Neurons responding to dynamic vertical stimulation composed Ç15–20% of the neurons tested. Some of these nonresponsive neurons localized in the caudal FN were clearly modulated with saccades (Büttner et al. 1991; Fuchs et al. 1993) and will not be considered here. Neurons with both vestibular and s ...
A Neurodynamical cortical model of visual attention and
... stimulus at a particular location or with a particular feature biases this competition in favour of neurons that respond to the location of or the features in the attended stimulus. This attentional effect is produced by generating signals in areas outside the visual cortical areas which are then fed ...
... stimulus at a particular location or with a particular feature biases this competition in favour of neurons that respond to the location of or the features in the attended stimulus. This attentional effect is produced by generating signals in areas outside the visual cortical areas which are then fed ...
Reinforcement, and Punishment Striatal Mechanisms Underlying
... themselves “headlong” into walls and furniture (117). James Parkinson described such a patient in “An Essay on the Shaking Palsy” who exhibited “an inability for motion, except in a running pace,” and required the support of an attendant who ran in front of him to prevent him from falling (144, 145) ...
... themselves “headlong” into walls and furniture (117). James Parkinson described such a patient in “An Essay on the Shaking Palsy” who exhibited “an inability for motion, except in a running pace,” and required the support of an attendant who ran in front of him to prevent him from falling (144, 145) ...
Neurons
... The intensity of a stimulus is coded by the frequency of action potentials (continued) – Intensity is coded in two other ways: – First, the intensity can be signaled by the frequency of action potentials in a single neuron—the more intense the stimulus, the faster the neuron fires action potential ...
... The intensity of a stimulus is coded by the frequency of action potentials (continued) – Intensity is coded in two other ways: – First, the intensity can be signaled by the frequency of action potentials in a single neuron—the more intense the stimulus, the faster the neuron fires action potential ...
Visuomotor development
... Visuomotor development Sensorimotor coordination has been an active research topic for both neuroscience and artificial intelligence over the last decade. The integration of sensory information for movement guidance represents perhaps the most basic operation that a nervous (or artificial) system mu ...
... Visuomotor development Sensorimotor coordination has been an active research topic for both neuroscience and artificial intelligence over the last decade. The integration of sensory information for movement guidance represents perhaps the most basic operation that a nervous (or artificial) system mu ...
Model of Cortical-Basal Ganglionic Processing: Encoding the Serial
... recurrent corticostriatal projections and collateral inhibition between striatal spiny units. The model’s architecture positions spiny units for the classification of cortical contexts and events and provides bistable cortical-thalamic loops for sustaining a representation of these contextual events ...
... recurrent corticostriatal projections and collateral inhibition between striatal spiny units. The model’s architecture positions spiny units for the classification of cortical contexts and events and provides bistable cortical-thalamic loops for sustaining a representation of these contextual events ...
A Model of a Segmental Oscillator in the Leech Heartbeat Neuronal
... 400 s, from which data were analyzed. Data from the model and the biological system were analyzed using Matlab, a matrix-based programming language (mathworks.com). Cycle period was measured from the median spike of one burst to the median spike of the next burst. The median spike was used rather th ...
... 400 s, from which data were analyzed. Data from the model and the biological system were analyzed using Matlab, a matrix-based programming language (mathworks.com). Cycle period was measured from the median spike of one burst to the median spike of the next burst. The median spike was used rather th ...
Thinking About Thinking
... What matters most here is the process of thinking. By the end of this book, I hope to have shown what neuroscientists think this process entails, that is, how thoughts are generated and sustained, and how well thoughts govern not only bodily action but also mentalistic processes such as beliefs, ide ...
... What matters most here is the process of thinking. By the end of this book, I hope to have shown what neuroscientists think this process entails, that is, how thoughts are generated and sustained, and how well thoughts govern not only bodily action but also mentalistic processes such as beliefs, ide ...
Full-Text PDF
... mechanosensory organs, which all provide feedback on wingbeats during flight. For example, during locust flight, the inputs from stretch receptors on the base of the wings induce excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) on the elevator muscle and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) on the d ...
... mechanosensory organs, which all provide feedback on wingbeats during flight. For example, during locust flight, the inputs from stretch receptors on the base of the wings induce excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) on the elevator muscle and inhibitory postsynaptic potentials (IPSPs) on the d ...
Simulations of the Role of the Muscarinic-Activated Calcium- I in Entorhinal Neuronal
... The properties of entorhinal pyramidal cells were simulated with biophysical models containing multiple compartments, with an emphasis on the calcium-sensitive nonspecific cation current INCM. The compartmental structure of these simulations is shown in Figure 1. The pyramidal cell is composed of si ...
... The properties of entorhinal pyramidal cells were simulated with biophysical models containing multiple compartments, with an emphasis on the calcium-sensitive nonspecific cation current INCM. The compartmental structure of these simulations is shown in Figure 1. The pyramidal cell is composed of si ...
part ii: the animal mind - Neural and Mental Evolution
... individuals to pass on their heritage to their descendants and thus assure the survival of the species. To maintain the integrity of an individual organism, it must be encased in a unique envelope (membrane, skin, capsule) that separates and shields it from harmful environmental influences but which ...
... individuals to pass on their heritage to their descendants and thus assure the survival of the species. To maintain the integrity of an individual organism, it must be encased in a unique envelope (membrane, skin, capsule) that separates and shields it from harmful environmental influences but which ...
Telencephalon
... loss of excitation of the GPe by putamen resulting in a decreased inhibitory output from GPe to ...
... loss of excitation of the GPe by putamen resulting in a decreased inhibitory output from GPe to ...
Smell Prism - Systems Neuroscience Course, MEDS 371, Univ
... Olfactory sensory neurons (OSN) have dendrites with cilia containing a G-protiencoupled OR and axons that communicate to the olfactory bulb. OSN can regenerate, giving them an unusual ability to recover from injury. OSN located in separate regions use 4 subfamilies of OR, individual OSN express sing ...
... Olfactory sensory neurons (OSN) have dendrites with cilia containing a G-protiencoupled OR and axons that communicate to the olfactory bulb. OSN can regenerate, giving them an unusual ability to recover from injury. OSN located in separate regions use 4 subfamilies of OR, individual OSN express sing ...
Cognon Neural Model Software Verification and
... Little is known yet about how the brain can recognize arbitrary sensory patterns within milliseconds using neural spikes to communicate information between neurons. In a typical brain there are several layers of neurons, with each neuron axon connecting to ∼ 104 synapses of neurons in an adjacent la ...
... Little is known yet about how the brain can recognize arbitrary sensory patterns within milliseconds using neural spikes to communicate information between neurons. In a typical brain there are several layers of neurons, with each neuron axon connecting to ∼ 104 synapses of neurons in an adjacent la ...
Vesicle-Mediated Transport and Release of
... Whenever neurons in the CNS are injured, microglia become activated. In addition to local activation, microglia remote from the primary lesion site are stimulated. Because this so-called secondary activation of microglia is instrumental for long-term changes after neuronal injury, it is important to ...
... Whenever neurons in the CNS are injured, microglia become activated. In addition to local activation, microglia remote from the primary lesion site are stimulated. Because this so-called secondary activation of microglia is instrumental for long-term changes after neuronal injury, it is important to ...
Transgenic Mouse Lines Subdivide Medial Vestibular Nucleus
... gen). Reactions were then incubated at 50°C for 1 h and 75°C for 10 min mouse line with a fluorescently labeled population distinct from that of and stored at 4°C. Positive controls [whole-brain RNA preparations GIN neurons, we examined mice generated by insertion of a modified (RNeasy kit; Qiagen, ...
... gen). Reactions were then incubated at 50°C for 1 h and 75°C for 10 min mouse line with a fluorescently labeled population distinct from that of and stored at 4°C. Positive controls [whole-brain RNA preparations GIN neurons, we examined mice generated by insertion of a modified (RNeasy kit; Qiagen, ...
Regulation of neuronal survival and death by extracellular signals
... death following receptor binding and activation, as these events are covered by many excellent recent reviews (Miller and Kaplan, 2001; Airaksinen and Saarma, 2002; Hempstead, 2002). I will choose examples from well characterized experimental systems, especially in the peripheral nervous system (PNS ...
... death following receptor binding and activation, as these events are covered by many excellent recent reviews (Miller and Kaplan, 2001; Airaksinen and Saarma, 2002; Hempstead, 2002). I will choose examples from well characterized experimental systems, especially in the peripheral nervous system (PNS ...