38th SCOR EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE MEETING Bergen, Norway
... SCOR Secretariat has moved to the University of Delaware. As part of its ongoing assessment, the disciplinary balance of SCOR groups will be assessed through a group led by Laurent Labeyrie (France). The question of whether to undertake studies in the social sciences related to the oceans was discus ...
... SCOR Secretariat has moved to the University of Delaware. As part of its ongoing assessment, the disciplinary balance of SCOR groups will be assessed through a group led by Laurent Labeyrie (France). The question of whether to undertake studies in the social sciences related to the oceans was discus ...
Polarity Reversal of Active Plate Boundary and Elevated Oceanic
... the PSP. Their interpretations are, however, controversial according to some recent observations (e.g., Kim et al., 2005), mainly because of the oversimplified earth model and the uncertainties on Hypo-DD locations for earthquakes mostly outside or at the outer boundary of an islandwide seismic netw ...
... the PSP. Their interpretations are, however, controversial according to some recent observations (e.g., Kim et al., 2005), mainly because of the oversimplified earth model and the uncertainties on Hypo-DD locations for earthquakes mostly outside or at the outer boundary of an islandwide seismic netw ...
Powerpoint slides
... - 1-2 million tons of tsunami debris are still floating at the ocean surface - density of debris is very low – two objects can hardly be seen at the same time - only 1-5% percent of this amount will affect the coast line in the next 2-3 years, majority of the debris will drift to the Garbage Patch, ...
... - 1-2 million tons of tsunami debris are still floating at the ocean surface - density of debris is very low – two objects can hardly be seen at the same time - only 1-5% percent of this amount will affect the coast line in the next 2-3 years, majority of the debris will drift to the Garbage Patch, ...
Church, Matthew J., Edward F. DeLong, Hugh W. Ducklow, Markus
... the seasonal pycnocline that is produced locally by summer heating (Hofmann and Klinck 1998). All of these water masses were sampled on both the winter and summer cruises; however, the most substantial seasonal modifications in T-S signatures were observed in the surface waters (Fig. 2b). Surface wa ...
... the seasonal pycnocline that is produced locally by summer heating (Hofmann and Klinck 1998). All of these water masses were sampled on both the winter and summer cruises; however, the most substantial seasonal modifications in T-S signatures were observed in the surface waters (Fig. 2b). Surface wa ...
Investigation 5: What happens when plates move sideways past
... 1. Investigate an oceanic transform boundary, the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture zone, using earthquake and age of the ocean floor data. 2. Investigate a continental transform boundary, the San Andreas Fault zone, and the seismic hazards associated with living in this area using earthquake data and historic ...
... 1. Investigate an oceanic transform boundary, the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture zone, using earthquake and age of the ocean floor data. 2. Investigate a continental transform boundary, the San Andreas Fault zone, and the seismic hazards associated with living in this area using earthquake data and historic ...
inv5_student
... 1. Investigate an oceanic transform boundary, the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture zone, using earthquake and age of the ocean floor data. 2. Investigate a continental transform boundary, the San Andreas Fault zone, and the seismic hazards associated with living in this area using earthquake data and historic ...
... 1. Investigate an oceanic transform boundary, the Charlie-Gibbs Fracture zone, using earthquake and age of the ocean floor data. 2. Investigate a continental transform boundary, the San Andreas Fault zone, and the seismic hazards associated with living in this area using earthquake data and historic ...
A Review of the North Atlantic Circulation, Marine Climate Change
... Croll and Hull further emphasized, that even small deflections in the path of the Gulf Stream could have large impact on the climate of the earth and they suggested mechanisms involving such deviations to explain climate changes on geological time scales. ...
... Croll and Hull further emphasized, that even small deflections in the path of the Gulf Stream could have large impact on the climate of the earth and they suggested mechanisms involving such deviations to explain climate changes on geological time scales. ...
EAS 102 / BIO G 170 Lecture 10, Page 1 of 6 PLATE TECTONICS
... The elastic lithosphere, in contrast, is comprised of rock that is cool enough to be not only rigid but elastic (i.e. to spring back to its original shape after deformation). The temperature cut-off for elasticity is around 500-600° C, depending on such things as the rock’s water content and structu ...
... The elastic lithosphere, in contrast, is comprised of rock that is cool enough to be not only rigid but elastic (i.e. to spring back to its original shape after deformation). The temperature cut-off for elasticity is around 500-600° C, depending on such things as the rock’s water content and structu ...
PowerPoint-Präsentation
... • Heat- and acid- loving thermophiles and thermoacidophiles (hydrothermal vents, deep subterranean environments) ...
... • Heat- and acid- loving thermophiles and thermoacidophiles (hydrothermal vents, deep subterranean environments) ...
Sustainable Use of Our Oceans – Making Ideas Work
... sustainable development. Given that our world consists mainly of ocean, global governance ...
... sustainable development. Given that our world consists mainly of ocean, global governance ...
Generalized Geologic Setting of the Pacific Northwest
... Figure 5. The circles on the cross-section diagram show positions of earthquakes relative to the Juan de Fuca and North American plates. Types of earthquakes in the Pacific Northwest: Crustal earthquakes — Shallow earthquakes (less than 15 miles deep) occur on faults within the North American contin ...
... Figure 5. The circles on the cross-section diagram show positions of earthquakes relative to the Juan de Fuca and North American plates. Types of earthquakes in the Pacific Northwest: Crustal earthquakes — Shallow earthquakes (less than 15 miles deep) occur on faults within the North American contin ...
Distribution of dinoflagellate cysts in the Canadian Arctic
... are 10 small polynyas, which are maintained by strong tidal currents in narrows joining wider shallow basins. Two larger coastal flaw polynyas are leads formed in the pack-ice off Cape Bathurst and off Cumberland Sound because of internal stresses that are maintained by the Beaufort Gyre and Davis S ...
... are 10 small polynyas, which are maintained by strong tidal currents in narrows joining wider shallow basins. Two larger coastal flaw polynyas are leads formed in the pack-ice off Cape Bathurst and off Cumberland Sound because of internal stresses that are maintained by the Beaufort Gyre and Davis S ...
Modeling ocean acidification in the California Current System
... and future projections a transient simulation from 1995 to 2050 was conducted. While atmospheric pCO2 and DIC followed the IPCC SRES ”business as usual” scenario, aspects of climate change, such as increased temperature and winds were not taken into account. Under presentday conditions, the aragonit ...
... and future projections a transient simulation from 1995 to 2050 was conducted. While atmospheric pCO2 and DIC followed the IPCC SRES ”business as usual” scenario, aspects of climate change, such as increased temperature and winds were not taken into account. Under presentday conditions, the aragonit ...
PLATE TECTONICS - Part II
... 1) Lithospheric plates ride independently atop the underlying __partially-molten mantle called the asthenosphere 2) Three types of dynamic lithospheric plate boundaries: 3) Earth’s crust and uppermost mantle broken up into 18 __mobile, rigid slabs called lithospheric plates Divergent, Convergent, an ...
... 1) Lithospheric plates ride independently atop the underlying __partially-molten mantle called the asthenosphere 2) Three types of dynamic lithospheric plate boundaries: 3) Earth’s crust and uppermost mantle broken up into 18 __mobile, rigid slabs called lithospheric plates Divergent, Convergent, an ...
Foraminifera and Nannoplankton in Palaeoceanography
... Due to the highly variable test morphology of modern Virgulinella, the most distinct morphological separation from ancient species is given by the extreme delicacy of it's test (wall thickness ca. 1.2 micron). Miocene species of Virgulinella are ubiquitous, most commonly found in shelf sediments enr ...
... Due to the highly variable test morphology of modern Virgulinella, the most distinct morphological separation from ancient species is given by the extreme delicacy of it's test (wall thickness ca. 1.2 micron). Miocene species of Virgulinella are ubiquitous, most commonly found in shelf sediments enr ...
Relationships between dinoflagellate cyst assemblages in surface
... North Pacific Current spreads on the shelf, which constitutes a more open ocean environment characterised by a salinity of approximately 32.5 in summer (Thomson, 1981; Reed and Stabeno, 1997). This water mass mixes with the AW in the north, where productivity is relatively low (Maynard and Clark, 19 ...
... North Pacific Current spreads on the shelf, which constitutes a more open ocean environment characterised by a salinity of approximately 32.5 in summer (Thomson, 1981; Reed and Stabeno, 1997). This water mass mixes with the AW in the north, where productivity is relatively low (Maynard and Clark, 19 ...
Ocean acidification due to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide Policy document 12/05 June 2005
... CO2 levels are predicted to continue to increase for at least the next century and probably longer, and unless emissions are substantially reduced, may well reach levels exceeding 1 000 ppm by 2100, higher than anything experienced on Earth for several million years. Oceans play a fundamental role i ...
... CO2 levels are predicted to continue to increase for at least the next century and probably longer, and unless emissions are substantially reduced, may well reach levels exceeding 1 000 ppm by 2100, higher than anything experienced on Earth for several million years. Oceans play a fundamental role i ...
Ocean acidification due to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide
... CO2 levels are predicted to continue to increase for at least the next century and probably longer, and unless emissions are substantially reduced, may well reach levels exceeding 1 000 ppm by 2100, higher than anything experienced on Earth for several million years. Oceans play a fundamental role i ...
... CO2 levels are predicted to continue to increase for at least the next century and probably longer, and unless emissions are substantially reduced, may well reach levels exceeding 1 000 ppm by 2100, higher than anything experienced on Earth for several million years. Oceans play a fundamental role i ...
the Central Equatorial Pacific West of the East Pacific Rise
... (DSDP 77, DSDP 79, and DSDP 80) are located west of the extinct plate boundary in the block south of the Clipperton, and one (DSDP 81) in the block east of the axis. Basement ages based on the biostratigraphic age of the overlying sediment are given in Table 1 and Chapter 36; justification for the L ...
... (DSDP 77, DSDP 79, and DSDP 80) are located west of the extinct plate boundary in the block south of the Clipperton, and one (DSDP 81) in the block east of the axis. Basement ages based on the biostratigraphic age of the overlying sediment are given in Table 1 and Chapter 36; justification for the L ...
Is plate tectonics really occurring today?
... to move plates sufficient? These forces have to act on the bottom and/or sides of the plates. The forces on the bottom of plates are the horizontal forces below the lithosphere caused by putative convection currents, while the forces on the sides are called ‘ridge push’ near mid-ocean ridges (MORs) ...
... to move plates sufficient? These forces have to act on the bottom and/or sides of the plates. The forces on the bottom of plates are the horizontal forces below the lithosphere caused by putative convection currents, while the forces on the sides are called ‘ridge push’ near mid-ocean ridges (MORs) ...
On the total geostrophic circulation of the North Atlantic Ocean: Flow
... The first attempts to examine the deeper circulation of the entire Atlantic Ocean were WUST's (1935) study of the waters at and beneath the Intermediate Water and DEFANT's (1941a, 1941b) studies of the geostrophic circulation of the upper 2000 m. These were based upon data collected by the Meteor ex ...
... The first attempts to examine the deeper circulation of the entire Atlantic Ocean were WUST's (1935) study of the waters at and beneath the Intermediate Water and DEFANT's (1941a, 1941b) studies of the geostrophic circulation of the upper 2000 m. These were based upon data collected by the Meteor ex ...
Distribution of Surface Plastic Debris in the Eastern Pacific Ocean
... Similar variability has been described in other observational studies,26,27 and was attributed to local wind-forced currents, eddies and fronts in one numerical ocean model.24 Local winddriven turbulence has been shown to vertically distribute even buoyant debris to depths unsampled by the surface-t ...
... Similar variability has been described in other observational studies,26,27 and was attributed to local wind-forced currents, eddies and fronts in one numerical ocean model.24 Local winddriven turbulence has been shown to vertically distribute even buoyant debris to depths unsampled by the surface-t ...
Activity—World Map of Plate Boundaries
... Students work in pairs or small groups of 3 or 4 students using washable markers to circle tectonic features. This hands-on activity captures the interest of all ability levels. The process of exploring the map and drawing with colored markers captures student interest and creates curiosity to disco ...
... Students work in pairs or small groups of 3 or 4 students using washable markers to circle tectonic features. This hands-on activity captures the interest of all ability levels. The process of exploring the map and drawing with colored markers captures student interest and creates curiosity to disco ...
Serpentinite and the dawn of life Research Norman H. Sleep
... þ water: As a consequence of reaction (R 6), natural solutions from serpentinite are quantitatively depleted in CO2. The reaction occurs quickly in surface springs with CaCO3(calcite) scum plating out like ice on calm water and slush in moving water [52]. In the deep marine setting envisioned by Lan ...
... þ water: As a consequence of reaction (R 6), natural solutions from serpentinite are quantitatively depleted in CO2. The reaction occurs quickly in surface springs with CaCO3(calcite) scum plating out like ice on calm water and slush in moving water [52]. In the deep marine setting envisioned by Lan ...
Aquatic biomes
... – cover ~ 75% of the earth’s surface – have enormous impact on planet’s climate • evaporation of seawater provides most rainfall • ocean temperatures affect wind patterns, distribution of energy to land via currents – supply substantial portion of world’s oxygen • photosynthesis by marine algae & ph ...
... – cover ~ 75% of the earth’s surface – have enormous impact on planet’s climate • evaporation of seawater provides most rainfall • ocean temperatures affect wind patterns, distribution of energy to land via currents – supply substantial portion of world’s oxygen • photosynthesis by marine algae & ph ...
Ocean
An ocean (from Ancient Greek Ὠκεανός, transc. Okeanós, the sea of classical antiquity) is a body of saline water that composes much of a planet's hydrosphere. On Earth, an ocean is one of the major conventional divisions of the World Ocean, which covers almost 71% of its surface. These are, in descending order by area, the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic Oceans. The word sea is often used interchangeably with ""ocean"" in American English but, strictly speaking, a sea is a body of saline water (generally a division of the world ocean) partly or fully enclosed by land.Saline water covers approximately 72% of the planet's surface (~3.6×108 km2) and is customarily divided into several principal oceans and smaller seas, with the ocean covering approximately 71% of Earth's surface. The ocean contains 97% of Earth's water, and oceanographers have stated that only 5% of the World Ocean has been explored. The total volume is approximately 1.35 billion cubic kilometers (320 million cu mi) with an average depth of nearly 3,700 meters (12,100 ft).As it is the principal component of Earth's hydrosphere, the world ocean is integral to all known life, forms part of the carbon cycle, and influences climate and weather patterns. It is the habitat of 230,000 known species, although much of the oceans depths remain unexplored, and over two million marine species are estimated to exist. The origin of Earth's oceans remains unknown; oceans are thought to have formed in the Hadean period and may have been the impetus for the emergence of life.Extraterrestrial oceans may be composed of water or other elements and compounds. The only confirmed large stable bodies of extraterrestrial surface liquids are the lakes of Titan, although there is evidence for the existence of oceans elsewhere in the Solar System. Early in their geologic histories, Mars and Venus are theorized to have had large water oceans. The Mars ocean hypothesis suggests that nearly a third of the surface of Mars was once covered by water, and a runaway greenhouse effect may have boiled away the global ocean of Venus. Compounds such as salts and ammonia dissolved in water lower its freezing point, so that water might exist in large quantities in extraterrestrial environments as brine or convecting ice. Unconfirmed oceans are speculated beneath the surface of many dwarf planets and natural satellites; notably, the ocean of Europa is estimated to have over twice the water volume of Earth. The Solar System's giant planets are also thought to have liquid atmospheric layers of yet to be confirmed compositions. Oceans may also exist on exoplanets and exomoons, including surface oceans of liquid water within a circumstellar habitable zone. Ocean planets are a hypothetical type of planet with a surface completely covered with liquid.