Moored observations of upper-ocean response to the monsoons in
... warmed steadily with marked diurnal variability and the mixed layer shoaled to within 20 m of the surface, sometimes disappearing altogether. Since there were only a few, isolated rainfall events in the fall of 1994 and 1995, the moisture flux was dominated by evaporation. Recorded precipitation at W ...
... warmed steadily with marked diurnal variability and the mixed layer shoaled to within 20 m of the surface, sometimes disappearing altogether. Since there were only a few, isolated rainfall events in the fall of 1994 and 1995, the moisture flux was dominated by evaporation. Recorded precipitation at W ...
Plankton trophodynamics at the subtropical convergence, Southern
... across the STC (Altabet and Francois, 1994; Goericke and Fry, 1994). Francois et al. (Francois et al., 1993) found a distinct gradient in d13CPOM in a transect crossing the STC near 688E, with depleted values associated with the cold southern and [CO2(aq)]-rich water mass relative to more enriched v ...
... across the STC (Altabet and Francois, 1994; Goericke and Fry, 1994). Francois et al. (Francois et al., 1993) found a distinct gradient in d13CPOM in a transect crossing the STC near 688E, with depleted values associated with the cold southern and [CO2(aq)]-rich water mass relative to more enriched v ...
Basaltic and Gabbroic Rocks
... At Iceland, the rate of magma production is so high that volcanism has built the oceanic ridge above sea level. Most of the active volcanism occurs within two central rift zones that cut across the island. Again, the predominant type of basalts erupted are tholeiitic basalts, however, these are some ...
... At Iceland, the rate of magma production is so high that volcanism has built the oceanic ridge above sea level. Most of the active volcanism occurs within two central rift zones that cut across the island. Again, the predominant type of basalts erupted are tholeiitic basalts, however, these are some ...
Mantle plumes persevere
... in the Pacific, which correlate with the occurrences of so-called superplumes in the Earth’s mantle. These giant superplumes extend from the core–mantle boundary up to depths of about 1,000 km, close to the base of the upper mantle. From here the superplumes generate smaller plumes. Seismic data tha ...
... in the Pacific, which correlate with the occurrences of so-called superplumes in the Earth’s mantle. These giant superplumes extend from the core–mantle boundary up to depths of about 1,000 km, close to the base of the upper mantle. From here the superplumes generate smaller plumes. Seismic data tha ...
17 PC Review Exam 2
... b. Are spaced at intervals close to 41,000 years prior to 0.9 Myr ago c. Occur during glacial maximums d. All of the above e. Both A and B 33. For the biological carbon pump reduces atmospheric CO2 a. More nutrients must be available in the surface waters b. The rate of photosynthesis in the surface ...
... b. Are spaced at intervals close to 41,000 years prior to 0.9 Myr ago c. Occur during glacial maximums d. All of the above e. Both A and B 33. For the biological carbon pump reduces atmospheric CO2 a. More nutrients must be available in the surface waters b. The rate of photosynthesis in the surface ...
2nd meeting report - IBI-ROOS
... The main objective of the ESEOO project is the development and implementation of a Spanish Operational Oceanography system able to be used in emergency situations at sea, such as oil spill accidents or tracking of drifting objects. Different applications based on numerical models at different scales ...
... The main objective of the ESEOO project is the development and implementation of a Spanish Operational Oceanography system able to be used in emergency situations at sea, such as oil spill accidents or tracking of drifting objects. Different applications based on numerical models at different scales ...
Reader Chapter 2 In chapter 2 and 3 you can read more about the
... clast shape reflect the mechanisms of sediment transport and deposition. Mass-wasted sediment and ice-transported sediment tend to be poorly sorted, with angular clasts. (Poorly sorted sediments that are ice-transported are called ‘tills’). Water- and windtransported sediments tend to be well sorted ...
... clast shape reflect the mechanisms of sediment transport and deposition. Mass-wasted sediment and ice-transported sediment tend to be poorly sorted, with angular clasts. (Poorly sorted sediments that are ice-transported are called ‘tills’). Water- and windtransported sediments tend to be well sorted ...
Effects of ocean thermocline variability on
... degree of mixing due to the often windy conditions; however, the depth of this mixed layer typically varied from approximately 10 to 60 m but was sometimes deeper. This can be seen from the CTD casts made on 1 July 2003 shown in Fig. 2. Here, the sound speed shows the general trend to decrease with ...
... degree of mixing due to the often windy conditions; however, the depth of this mixed layer typically varied from approximately 10 to 60 m but was sometimes deeper. This can be seen from the CTD casts made on 1 July 2003 shown in Fig. 2. Here, the sound speed shows the general trend to decrease with ...
Activity 2
... At a convergent plate boundary, two plates are moving toward each other.Your common sense tells you that one of them has to go under the other. (Would it surprise you to hear that common sense is important to a scientist, even though sometimes common sense can fool you?) There are three kinds of pla ...
... At a convergent plate boundary, two plates are moving toward each other.Your common sense tells you that one of them has to go under the other. (Would it surprise you to hear that common sense is important to a scientist, even though sometimes common sense can fool you?) There are three kinds of pla ...
Cape Verde hotspot from the upper crust to the top of the lower mantle
... the islands the structure of the transition zone is nearly normal. The stack of PRFs for all stations on the north-western islands (Fig. 3c) contains in the time interval from 40 s to 75 s the arrivals that are present in (a) and (b). The M-shaped phase at a time of 53.4 s is preceded by the P410s p ...
... the islands the structure of the transition zone is nearly normal. The stack of PRFs for all stations on the north-western islands (Fig. 3c) contains in the time interval from 40 s to 75 s the arrivals that are present in (a) and (b). The M-shaped phase at a time of 53.4 s is preceded by the P410s p ...
Sound speed in the Mediterranean Sea
... Horizontal spatial distribution of annual mean sound speed at a 50 m depth (Fig. 2) clearly displays a northwest to southeast gradient, with values between 1506 and 1508 m/s located in the Gulf of Lions, a minimum of 1505 m/s in the northern Adriatic Sea, and a maximum of up to 1527 m/s on the easte ...
... Horizontal spatial distribution of annual mean sound speed at a 50 m depth (Fig. 2) clearly displays a northwest to southeast gradient, with values between 1506 and 1508 m/s located in the Gulf of Lions, a minimum of 1505 m/s in the northern Adriatic Sea, and a maximum of up to 1527 m/s on the easte ...
CAGE Annual Report 2014 - Centre for Arctic Gas Hydrate
... ground depth. But the ocean is another matter. Bottom water temperature is usually above zero. Theoretically, therefore, we could never have permafrost under the sea,” says Portnov “However, 20 000 years ago we had a last glacial maximum during which the sea level dropped to minus 120 meters. That m ...
... ground depth. But the ocean is another matter. Bottom water temperature is usually above zero. Theoretically, therefore, we could never have permafrost under the sea,” says Portnov “However, 20 000 years ago we had a last glacial maximum during which the sea level dropped to minus 120 meters. That m ...
Present and Future Impacts of Ocean Acidification Report of the
... that will reduce potential negative impacts of ocean acidification? Ocean acidification-relevant indicators beyond basic water-column carbonate chemistry have yet to be adequately developed. Parameters that can be measured routinely and that detect biotic effects of ocean acidification reliably, su ...
... that will reduce potential negative impacts of ocean acidification? Ocean acidification-relevant indicators beyond basic water-column carbonate chemistry have yet to be adequately developed. Parameters that can be measured routinely and that detect biotic effects of ocean acidification reliably, su ...
Stories in IPRC Climate
... The “bottle–drifter” experiment is next. Back at the IPRC, the team had brainstormed about how to get more clues to the bay’s currents. The usual instruments for studying currents are drifters with heavy, long drogues so that they stick out of the water only a little bit, and their movement reflects ...
... The “bottle–drifter” experiment is next. Back at the IPRC, the team had brainstormed about how to get more clues to the bay’s currents. The usual instruments for studying currents are drifters with heavy, long drogues so that they stick out of the water only a little bit, and their movement reflects ...
Tajika and Matsui - Rice Department of Earth Science
... accretion to the continents, metamorphism of carbonates followed by CO 2 degassmg through arc volcanism, carbon regassmg into the mantle, and CO 2 degasslng from the mantle. The degasslng rate of volatiles from the mantle is assumed to be proportional to the volatile concentration m the mantle multl ...
... accretion to the continents, metamorphism of carbonates followed by CO 2 degassmg through arc volcanism, carbon regassmg into the mantle, and CO 2 degasslng from the mantle. The degasslng rate of volatiles from the mantle is assumed to be proportional to the volatile concentration m the mantle multl ...
Role of physical forcings and nutrient availability
... primary production. However, the values for primary production are low when compared with other Mediterranean areas and very low compared with the most biologically productive regions of the world’s oceans: California, the Canary Islands, Humboldt and Benguela. The aim of this study was to identify ...
... primary production. However, the values for primary production are low when compared with other Mediterranean areas and very low compared with the most biologically productive regions of the world’s oceans: California, the Canary Islands, Humboldt and Benguela. The aim of this study was to identify ...
Western Australian Integrated Marine Observing System (WAIMOS
... Marine environments of northern and western Australia are strongly influenced by oceanic boundary currents off the coast. The longest and most unique of these is the Leeuwin Current that originates from the northern region of Australia, extends over 8000km to the south, influencing more than 2/3 of ...
... Marine environments of northern and western Australia are strongly influenced by oceanic boundary currents off the coast. The longest and most unique of these is the Leeuwin Current that originates from the northern region of Australia, extends over 8000km to the south, influencing more than 2/3 of ...
The Origin of the Land Under the Sea
... of overlying rock means the pressure also increases with depth— about 1,000 atmospheres for every three kilometers. Knowledge of the intense heat and pressure in the mantle led researchers to hypothesize in the late 1960s that ocean crust originates as tiny amounts of liquid rock known as melt— almo ...
... of overlying rock means the pressure also increases with depth— about 1,000 atmospheres for every three kilometers. Knowledge of the intense heat and pressure in the mantle led researchers to hypothesize in the late 1960s that ocean crust originates as tiny amounts of liquid rock known as melt— almo ...
Post-Rift Deformation of Passive Margins AGU Fall Meeting 2005
... effects of initial continental lithospheric rifting, post-rift thermal subsidence, and post-rift sedimentation sourced from uplifted margins. Industry seismic and well data show compressional features on several margins. The compressional deformation appears to be vary as a function of distance from ...
... effects of initial continental lithospheric rifting, post-rift thermal subsidence, and post-rift sedimentation sourced from uplifted margins. Industry seismic and well data show compressional features on several margins. The compressional deformation appears to be vary as a function of distance from ...
Simulation of the mantle and crustal helium isotope
... investigating the deep ocean circulation and for evaluating ocean general circulation models, because helium is a stable and conservative nuclide that does not take part in any chemical or biological process. Helium in the ocean originates from three different sources, namely, (i) gas dissolution in ...
... investigating the deep ocean circulation and for evaluating ocean general circulation models, because helium is a stable and conservative nuclide that does not take part in any chemical or biological process. Helium in the ocean originates from three different sources, namely, (i) gas dissolution in ...
- Wiley Online Library
... commonly results in an increased cellular C:N ratio [Goldman and Peavey, 1979; Vrede et al., 2002]. The second mechanism links light limitation with a lower cellular C:N ratio as phytoplankton growing under low light irradiance may accumulate less carbon storage polymers [Chalup and Laws, 1990; Cron ...
... commonly results in an increased cellular C:N ratio [Goldman and Peavey, 1979; Vrede et al., 2002]. The second mechanism links light limitation with a lower cellular C:N ratio as phytoplankton growing under low light irradiance may accumulate less carbon storage polymers [Chalup and Laws, 1990; Cron ...
Anomalously thin transition zone and apparently isotropic upper
... The absolute depths of the discontinuities are dependent on the velocity model used for the depth correction, but a significant deviation from this model, particularly with respect to the Vp/Vs ratio used would be a source of error. The seismic velocity structure of the central Atlantic Ocean is larg ...
... The absolute depths of the discontinuities are dependent on the velocity model used for the depth correction, but a significant deviation from this model, particularly with respect to the Vp/Vs ratio used would be a source of error. The seismic velocity structure of the central Atlantic Ocean is larg ...
Plate Boundaries and Plate Interactions
... The movement of one plate downward into the mantle beneath the edge of the other plate at a convergent plate boundary. The downgoing plate always is oceanic lithosphere. The plate that stays at the surface can have either oceanic lithosphere or continental lithosphere. ...
... The movement of one plate downward into the mantle beneath the edge of the other plate at a convergent plate boundary. The downgoing plate always is oceanic lithosphere. The plate that stays at the surface can have either oceanic lithosphere or continental lithosphere. ...
Mid Term I: KEY - earthjay science
... D) concentric circles about a rising plume of hot mantle rocks and magma ...
... D) concentric circles about a rising plume of hot mantle rocks and magma ...
Trace metal composition of suspended particulate matter in
... thickness is due to variability in physical processes, especially mixing associated with cyclonic and anti-cyclonic eddies (Oğuz et al., 2001a,b; Oğuz, 2002). In the southwest corner of the Black Sea the suboxic zone can be absent due to intrusions from the Bosporus Plume (Konovalov et al., 2003). B ...
... thickness is due to variability in physical processes, especially mixing associated with cyclonic and anti-cyclonic eddies (Oğuz et al., 2001a,b; Oğuz, 2002). In the southwest corner of the Black Sea the suboxic zone can be absent due to intrusions from the Bosporus Plume (Konovalov et al., 2003). B ...
Ocean
An ocean (from Ancient Greek Ὠκεανός, transc. Okeanós, the sea of classical antiquity) is a body of saline water that composes much of a planet's hydrosphere. On Earth, an ocean is one of the major conventional divisions of the World Ocean, which covers almost 71% of its surface. These are, in descending order by area, the Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern, and Arctic Oceans. The word sea is often used interchangeably with ""ocean"" in American English but, strictly speaking, a sea is a body of saline water (generally a division of the world ocean) partly or fully enclosed by land.Saline water covers approximately 72% of the planet's surface (~3.6×108 km2) and is customarily divided into several principal oceans and smaller seas, with the ocean covering approximately 71% of Earth's surface. The ocean contains 97% of Earth's water, and oceanographers have stated that only 5% of the World Ocean has been explored. The total volume is approximately 1.35 billion cubic kilometers (320 million cu mi) with an average depth of nearly 3,700 meters (12,100 ft).As it is the principal component of Earth's hydrosphere, the world ocean is integral to all known life, forms part of the carbon cycle, and influences climate and weather patterns. It is the habitat of 230,000 known species, although much of the oceans depths remain unexplored, and over two million marine species are estimated to exist. The origin of Earth's oceans remains unknown; oceans are thought to have formed in the Hadean period and may have been the impetus for the emergence of life.Extraterrestrial oceans may be composed of water or other elements and compounds. The only confirmed large stable bodies of extraterrestrial surface liquids are the lakes of Titan, although there is evidence for the existence of oceans elsewhere in the Solar System. Early in their geologic histories, Mars and Venus are theorized to have had large water oceans. The Mars ocean hypothesis suggests that nearly a third of the surface of Mars was once covered by water, and a runaway greenhouse effect may have boiled away the global ocean of Venus. Compounds such as salts and ammonia dissolved in water lower its freezing point, so that water might exist in large quantities in extraterrestrial environments as brine or convecting ice. Unconfirmed oceans are speculated beneath the surface of many dwarf planets and natural satellites; notably, the ocean of Europa is estimated to have over twice the water volume of Earth. The Solar System's giant planets are also thought to have liquid atmospheric layers of yet to be confirmed compositions. Oceans may also exist on exoplanets and exomoons, including surface oceans of liquid water within a circumstellar habitable zone. Ocean planets are a hypothetical type of planet with a surface completely covered with liquid.