A Simple Biophysically Plausible Model for Long Time
... or in the absence of calcium, persistent firing did not occur (Egorov et al., 2002; Tahvildari et al., 2008; Yoshida and Hasselmo, 2009; Zhang et al., 2011; Navaroli et al., 2011). Moreover, activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, which leads to CAN current activation, has been shown as ne ...
... or in the absence of calcium, persistent firing did not occur (Egorov et al., 2002; Tahvildari et al., 2008; Yoshida and Hasselmo, 2009; Zhang et al., 2011; Navaroli et al., 2011). Moreover, activation of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, which leads to CAN current activation, has been shown as ne ...
WHAT IS THE MAMMALIAN DENTATE GYRUS GOOD FOR? Alessandro Treves
... described in mammals; even though other influential system-level neural networks models, much like Marr‟s original one, may also usefully reproduce certain qualitative aspects of hippocampal memory function, without invoking a similar special role for the dentate gyrus (Schmajuk, 1990; Carpenter and ...
... described in mammals; even though other influential system-level neural networks models, much like Marr‟s original one, may also usefully reproduce certain qualitative aspects of hippocampal memory function, without invoking a similar special role for the dentate gyrus (Schmajuk, 1990; Carpenter and ...
PVLV: The Primary Value and Learned Value
... conditioned stimuli; CS), and no longer to the reward itself. Generally, there is a time period when both CS and reward-related firing is occurring (Pan, Schmidt, Wickens, & Hyland, 2005; Schultz, 2002). However, it remains unclear exactly what brain mechanisms lead to this behavior on the part of d ...
... conditioned stimuli; CS), and no longer to the reward itself. Generally, there is a time period when both CS and reward-related firing is occurring (Pan, Schmidt, Wickens, & Hyland, 2005; Schultz, 2002). However, it remains unclear exactly what brain mechanisms lead to this behavior on the part of d ...
The role of the basal ganglia in reinforcement learning
... basal ganglia occurs both directly from the striatum to the GPi/SNr and indirectly through the GPe and STN. The striatal origins of the direct and indirect pathways are oppositely affected by D1 and D2 dopamine receptors (13-15). Recently, single axon tracing anatomical studies have revealed an even ...
... basal ganglia occurs both directly from the striatum to the GPi/SNr and indirectly through the GPe and STN. The striatal origins of the direct and indirect pathways are oppositely affected by D1 and D2 dopamine receptors (13-15). Recently, single axon tracing anatomical studies have revealed an even ...
Olfactory maps, circuits and computations
... bulb, it is unclear whether the higher olfactory cortex uses topography to organize information about smells. Here, we review recent work on the anatomy, microcircuitry and neuromodulation of two higher-order olfactory areas: the piriform cortex and the olfactory tubercle. The piriform is an archico ...
... bulb, it is unclear whether the higher olfactory cortex uses topography to organize information about smells. Here, we review recent work on the anatomy, microcircuitry and neuromodulation of two higher-order olfactory areas: the piriform cortex and the olfactory tubercle. The piriform is an archico ...
The Control of Rate and Timing of Spikes in the Deep Cerebellar
... Inhibitory synaptic input can control the spike timing of DCN neurons precisely We used the activity of 400 simulated presynaptic Purkinje cell elements to construct an inhibitory conductance trace (Fig. 1 A, Gin). This conductance trace presents the sum of all unitary postsynaptic conductance chang ...
... Inhibitory synaptic input can control the spike timing of DCN neurons precisely We used the activity of 400 simulated presynaptic Purkinje cell elements to construct an inhibitory conductance trace (Fig. 1 A, Gin). This conductance trace presents the sum of all unitary postsynaptic conductance chang ...
chapt13_lectureS
... pair of thicker anterior (ventral) horns anterior (ventral) root of spinal nerve carries only motor fibers gray commissure connects right and left sides • punctured by a central canal lined with ependymal cells and filled with CSF ...
... pair of thicker anterior (ventral) horns anterior (ventral) root of spinal nerve carries only motor fibers gray commissure connects right and left sides • punctured by a central canal lined with ependymal cells and filled with CSF ...
A Quantitative Map of the Circuit of Cat Primary Visual Cortex
... anatomical “weight” must also be assigned to a given connection. These weights are rarely considered, but when they are, the results have been surprising; for example, Ahmed et al. (1994, 1997) physically mapped the synapses on the dendritic trees of identified spiny stellate and basket cells in lay ...
... anatomical “weight” must also be assigned to a given connection. These weights are rarely considered, but when they are, the results have been surprising; for example, Ahmed et al. (1994, 1997) physically mapped the synapses on the dendritic trees of identified spiny stellate and basket cells in lay ...
Course of spinocerebellar axons in the ventral and lateral funiculi of
... two cases (C253 and C256) had injections covering sublobules VIIB, VIIIA and VIIIB, and parts of the termination area in the paramedian lobule, most prominently in one of them (C253). In this case, the medial part of dorsal paraflocculus was involved too. In both of these cases there was also a slig ...
... two cases (C253 and C256) had injections covering sublobules VIIB, VIIIA and VIIIB, and parts of the termination area in the paramedian lobule, most prominently in one of them (C253). In this case, the medial part of dorsal paraflocculus was involved too. In both of these cases there was also a slig ...
PROGRAMME and ABSTRACTS
... Reorganization of the visual cortex following monocular circumscribed retinal lesions: Update on Hebbian learning rules Mathew Diamond (SISSA, Trieste, Italy) What is stored in the hippocampus during a tactile categorization task? Malgorzata Kossut (Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Wars ...
... Reorganization of the visual cortex following monocular circumscribed retinal lesions: Update on Hebbian learning rules Mathew Diamond (SISSA, Trieste, Italy) What is stored in the hippocampus during a tactile categorization task? Malgorzata Kossut (Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology PAS, Wars ...
Fluctuations in Perceptual Decisions Panagiota Theodoni
... sensory stimulation from the conscious visual perception, and therefore providing a gateway to consciousness. How does the brain work when it deals with such ambiguous sensory stimuli? We addressed this question theoretically by employing a biophysically realistic attractor network, by consistently ...
... sensory stimulation from the conscious visual perception, and therefore providing a gateway to consciousness. How does the brain work when it deals with such ambiguous sensory stimuli? We addressed this question theoretically by employing a biophysically realistic attractor network, by consistently ...
Pheromone signaling in the fruit fly Drosophila
... research that followed has led to the identification of hundreds of pheromones from different insect species. The last decades have seen breathtaking advances in our understanding of how these pheromones are perceived and processed by the nervous system, and how they subsequently elicit specific beh ...
... research that followed has led to the identification of hundreds of pheromones from different insect species. The last decades have seen breathtaking advances in our understanding of how these pheromones are perceived and processed by the nervous system, and how they subsequently elicit specific beh ...
chapter 4 the evolution of body, brain, behavior, and mind in
... the developing embryo from desiccation. After hatching, many amphibians spend their early life in the water as tadpoles, with tails used for swimming and gills for breathing. They do not develop functional lungs until they have metamorphosed. Moreover, lacking a diaphragm, the amphibian lung is a le ...
... the developing embryo from desiccation. After hatching, many amphibians spend their early life in the water as tadpoles, with tails used for swimming and gills for breathing. They do not develop functional lungs until they have metamorphosed. Moreover, lacking a diaphragm, the amphibian lung is a le ...
Response Suppression in V1 Agrees with Psychophysics of
... intervals, only the first of which was task relevant. Both intervals lasted 750 msec, with a 375 msec interstimulus interval (Fig. 3). The target stimulus always appeared in the first interval, with pedestal contrast set to 0% in block A and 60% in block B. There were three conditions, which differe ...
... intervals, only the first of which was task relevant. Both intervals lasted 750 msec, with a 375 msec interstimulus interval (Fig. 3). The target stimulus always appeared in the first interval, with pedestal contrast set to 0% in block A and 60% in block B. There were three conditions, which differe ...
Surgical Planning Laboratory
... • The primary motor cortex controls voluntary movement; it projects to the brainstem and spinal cord motor neurons (lower motor neurons) via the corticobulbar and corticospinal tract respectively • The activity of the motor cortex and brainstem is influenced by the basal ganglia and cerebellum ...
... • The primary motor cortex controls voluntary movement; it projects to the brainstem and spinal cord motor neurons (lower motor neurons) via the corticobulbar and corticospinal tract respectively • The activity of the motor cortex and brainstem is influenced by the basal ganglia and cerebellum ...
Introduction
... • The primary motor cortex controls voluntary movement; it projects to the brainstem and spinal cord motor neurons (lower motor neurons) via the corticobulbar and corticospinal tract respectively • The activity of the motor cortex and brainstem is influenced by the basal ganglia and cerebellum ...
... • The primary motor cortex controls voluntary movement; it projects to the brainstem and spinal cord motor neurons (lower motor neurons) via the corticobulbar and corticospinal tract respectively • The activity of the motor cortex and brainstem is influenced by the basal ganglia and cerebellum ...
Sensory Adaptation and Short Term Plasticity as Bayesian
... adaptation phenomena measured in primary visual cortex. First, using a simulation of a single synapse, we illustrate that estimating presynaptic excitability and normalizing postsynaptic responses by these estimates makes neural output more stable (Fig 2). That is, we show that using an excitability ...
... adaptation phenomena measured in primary visual cortex. First, using a simulation of a single synapse, we illustrate that estimating presynaptic excitability and normalizing postsynaptic responses by these estimates makes neural output more stable (Fig 2). That is, we show that using an excitability ...
Macrophages Promote Axon Regeneration with Concurrent Neurotoxicity
... Activated macrophages can promote regeneration of CNS axons. However, macrophages also release factors that kill neurons. These opposing functions are likely induced simultaneously but are rarely considered together in the same experimental preparation. A goal of this study was to unequivocally docu ...
... Activated macrophages can promote regeneration of CNS axons. However, macrophages also release factors that kill neurons. These opposing functions are likely induced simultaneously but are rarely considered together in the same experimental preparation. A goal of this study was to unequivocally docu ...
Disruption of experience-dependent synaptic modifications in striate
... this hypothesis have involved attempts to manipulate the responses ofcortical neurons to input signals as one eye is deprived ofvision. For example, in one early series ofexperiments, kittens were presented with visual stimuli that created an imbalance in the presynaptic geniculocortical fiber activ ...
... this hypothesis have involved attempts to manipulate the responses ofcortical neurons to input signals as one eye is deprived ofvision. For example, in one early series ofexperiments, kittens were presented with visual stimuli that created an imbalance in the presynaptic geniculocortical fiber activ ...
166 - UCSF Physiology - University of California, San Francisco
... locations between neuronal axons and dendrites. On the presynaptic side, it depends on the proper assembly of different synaptic vesicle pools at the active zone (Rosenmund and Stevens, 1996; Schneggenburger et al., 1999; Wu and Borst, 1999; Schikorski and Stevens, 2001; Mozhayeva et al., 2002; Tasc ...
... locations between neuronal axons and dendrites. On the presynaptic side, it depends on the proper assembly of different synaptic vesicle pools at the active zone (Rosenmund and Stevens, 1996; Schneggenburger et al., 1999; Wu and Borst, 1999; Schikorski and Stevens, 2001; Mozhayeva et al., 2002; Tasc ...
Antinociceptive Action of Nitrous Oxide Is Mediated
... identical gas exposure conditions. Using a heating blanket, the tail and paw temperatures were maintained within 0.5°C of 32°C. A K-type fine wire contact thermistor (5SC -66-K-30 –36) and a multimeter thermometer (HHM25; Omega, Bridgeport, NJ) were used to measure the plantar paw surface and volar ...
... identical gas exposure conditions. Using a heating blanket, the tail and paw temperatures were maintained within 0.5°C of 32°C. A K-type fine wire contact thermistor (5SC -66-K-30 –36) and a multimeter thermometer (HHM25; Omega, Bridgeport, NJ) were used to measure the plantar paw surface and volar ...
- Wiley Online Library
... Abbreviations CCHS, congenital central hypoventilation syndrome; cVRG, caudal ventral respiratory group (VRC segment that contains abdominal premotor neurons); DIA, depolarization-induced intracellular alkalization; GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor; NTS, nucleus of the solitary tract; P aCO2 , parti ...
... Abbreviations CCHS, congenital central hypoventilation syndrome; cVRG, caudal ventral respiratory group (VRC segment that contains abdominal premotor neurons); DIA, depolarization-induced intracellular alkalization; GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor; NTS, nucleus of the solitary tract; P aCO2 , parti ...
Stimulus-Specific Adaptation in Auditory Cortex Is an NMDA
... • MMN is a human scalp recorded event related potential (ERP) component elicited by a sound which deviates from a repeating pattern of recent sounds, and thought to be generated by a temporo-prefrontal network including auditory cortex. • This claim implies that auditory cortex units themselves play ...
... • MMN is a human scalp recorded event related potential (ERP) component elicited by a sound which deviates from a repeating pattern of recent sounds, and thought to be generated by a temporo-prefrontal network including auditory cortex. • This claim implies that auditory cortex units themselves play ...
Neuropathological Characteristics of Brachial Plexus Avulsion Injury
... including both the C5 and C6 roots, and, less frequently, the C7 root (8). This type of lesion represents both a CNS and PNS injury because spinal motor neurons undergo degeneration due to deafferentation while peripheral axons rapidly degenerate once they are disconnected from the cell body (9). Th ...
... including both the C5 and C6 roots, and, less frequently, the C7 root (8). This type of lesion represents both a CNS and PNS injury because spinal motor neurons undergo degeneration due to deafferentation while peripheral axons rapidly degenerate once they are disconnected from the cell body (9). Th ...
Inan et al., 2006
... marks neuronal nuclei, was used to reveal cortical barrel cytoarchitecture. Briefly, animals were perfused transcardially with ice-cold PBS followed by 4% PFA in PBS. Barrel cortex was then removed and flattened for 4 h in 4% PFA at room temperature and cut tangentially (parallel to layer IV) on a v ...
... marks neuronal nuclei, was used to reveal cortical barrel cytoarchitecture. Briefly, animals were perfused transcardially with ice-cold PBS followed by 4% PFA in PBS. Barrel cortex was then removed and flattened for 4 h in 4% PFA at room temperature and cut tangentially (parallel to layer IV) on a v ...