Cln3 Targeted Disruption of the Gene Provides a Mouse Model for Batten Disease
... fingerprint appearance. Inclusions contained subunit c of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mutant animals also showed neuropathological abnormalities with loss of certain cortical interneurons and hypertrophy of many interneuron populations in the hippocampus. Finally, as is true in Batten disease patien ...
... fingerprint appearance. Inclusions contained subunit c of mitochondrial ATP synthase. Mutant animals also showed neuropathological abnormalities with loss of certain cortical interneurons and hypertrophy of many interneuron populations in the hippocampus. Finally, as is true in Batten disease patien ...
Genetic mechanisms behind cell specification Drosophila Magnus Baumgardt
... mechanisms of cell fate specification in the Drosophila CNS. We find that, within this lineage, the differential specification of a group of sequentially generated neurons – the Ap cluster neurons – is critically dependent upon the simultaneous triggering of two opposing feed-forward loops (FFLs) wi ...
... mechanisms of cell fate specification in the Drosophila CNS. We find that, within this lineage, the differential specification of a group of sequentially generated neurons – the Ap cluster neurons – is critically dependent upon the simultaneous triggering of two opposing feed-forward loops (FFLs) wi ...
Expression of ml-m4 Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptor Proteins in
... functions and their regulation by cholinergic innervation. Thus, there were several goals of the present study. The first goal was to determine the light microscopic localization of mlm4 immunoreactivity in the dorsal hippocampus of the rat. Secondly, we sought to determine the magnitude and distrib ...
... functions and their regulation by cholinergic innervation. Thus, there were several goals of the present study. The first goal was to determine the light microscopic localization of mlm4 immunoreactivity in the dorsal hippocampus of the rat. Secondly, we sought to determine the magnitude and distrib ...
On real-world temporal pattern recognition using Liquid State
... of these examples are of completely different categories, they are all prime examples of events that can only happen over time. We are so accustomed to time and it’s accompanying change, that it’s easy to forget how complex it actually is to deal with. Also, it’s easy to loose out of sight that it’s ...
... of these examples are of completely different categories, they are all prime examples of events that can only happen over time. We are so accustomed to time and it’s accompanying change, that it’s easy to forget how complex it actually is to deal with. Also, it’s easy to loose out of sight that it’s ...
Functional circuitry underlying visual neglect
... both for detection of stimuli in the neglected hemifield and for producing orienting responses to the stimuli, but that the circuits are prevented from acting. As a consequence, a potential cure may be effected if the secondary circuits were identified and reactivated through interventional therapy ...
... both for detection of stimuli in the neglected hemifield and for producing orienting responses to the stimuli, but that the circuits are prevented from acting. As a consequence, a potential cure may be effected if the secondary circuits were identified and reactivated through interventional therapy ...
kbook or W NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS
... Can we use what we know to control someone else’s brain? How likely is it that once we know exactly how the brain functions that we will be able to control another person’s brain? It sounds like science fiction, but we can actually do it right now, even with the limited knowledge we have. Transcrani ...
... Can we use what we know to control someone else’s brain? How likely is it that once we know exactly how the brain functions that we will be able to control another person’s brain? It sounds like science fiction, but we can actually do it right now, even with the limited knowledge we have. Transcrani ...
HCN channels are a novel therapeutic target for cognitive
... Figures 2b and e). These results indicate that intact expression of the neuron-specific Nf1 exon 9a isoform is required for normal spatial learning. To determine whether the spatial learning impairments of Nf19a–/9a– mutants are associated with changes in synaptic function, we recorded field excitator ...
... Figures 2b and e). These results indicate that intact expression of the neuron-specific Nf1 exon 9a isoform is required for normal spatial learning. To determine whether the spatial learning impairments of Nf19a–/9a– mutants are associated with changes in synaptic function, we recorded field excitator ...
Pre-synaptic Terminal Dynamics in the Hippocampus
... Formation of synapses during development is thought to depend upon both genetic and environmental factors. Initial establishment of synaptic connections occurs independently of experience, followed by a period of experience-dependent refinement. A common view was that, after this critical period of ...
... Formation of synapses during development is thought to depend upon both genetic and environmental factors. Initial establishment of synaptic connections occurs independently of experience, followed by a period of experience-dependent refinement. A common view was that, after this critical period of ...
Kisspeptin Signaling Is Required for the Luteinizing Introduction of Males
... converging to GnRH neurons. Pheromonal signals are processed as olfactory stimuli in the brain and processing originates at either the main or accessory olfactory bulbs [5], resulting in neural activation of key structures within both systems then extending to the hypothalamus [6] and ultimately GnR ...
... converging to GnRH neurons. Pheromonal signals are processed as olfactory stimuli in the brain and processing originates at either the main or accessory olfactory bulbs [5], resulting in neural activation of key structures within both systems then extending to the hypothalamus [6] and ultimately GnR ...
Delineation of a frequency-organized region isolated from the
... Submitted 21 November 2014; accepted in final form 17 February 2015 ...
... Submitted 21 November 2014; accepted in final form 17 February 2015 ...
Properties and Functional Role of Voltage
... channels were activated by passively spread sodium spikes recorded at the same position, and experiments using dual recordings showed that the channels serve to actively dampen back-propagation of somatic sodium spikes. In more distal dendrites, potassium currents were activated by voltage waveforms ...
... channels were activated by passively spread sodium spikes recorded at the same position, and experiments using dual recordings showed that the channels serve to actively dampen back-propagation of somatic sodium spikes. In more distal dendrites, potassium currents were activated by voltage waveforms ...
Pleiotrophin is a Neurotrophic Factor for Spinal Motor Neurons
... of the explants (Fig. 2). In fact, the motor axons formed ‘‘miniventral rootlets.’’ This pattern of motor axon outgrowth was not seen with gelfoams soaked with the vehicle. In similar experiments, parallel results were observed when the source of PTN was HEK293PTN cells, but not when the HEK-293vect ...
... of the explants (Fig. 2). In fact, the motor axons formed ‘‘miniventral rootlets.’’ This pattern of motor axon outgrowth was not seen with gelfoams soaked with the vehicle. In similar experiments, parallel results were observed when the source of PTN was HEK293PTN cells, but not when the HEK-293vect ...
Are there three subdivisions in the primate subthalamic nucleus? Max C. Keuken
... p. 387: “Most importantly, the delivery of CTB into the VA/VL thalamic nuclei led to the appearance of a moderate number of retrograde-labeled neurons in the ipsilateral STN nucleus. CTB-labeled neurons were distributed throughout the STN in all 6 monkeys single-injected with CTB, although labeled n ...
... p. 387: “Most importantly, the delivery of CTB into the VA/VL thalamic nuclei led to the appearance of a moderate number of retrograde-labeled neurons in the ipsilateral STN nucleus. CTB-labeled neurons were distributed throughout the STN in all 6 monkeys single-injected with CTB, although labeled n ...
Attention induces synchronization-based response gain in steady
... population activity by recording frequency-tagged SSVEPs from both attended and ignored stimuli simultaneously (thus controlling for influences on SSVEPs that were unrelated to attention), analyzing the scalp topography of attention effects (crucial for evaluating the attentional response and activi ...
... population activity by recording frequency-tagged SSVEPs from both attended and ignored stimuli simultaneously (thus controlling for influences on SSVEPs that were unrelated to attention), analyzing the scalp topography of attention effects (crucial for evaluating the attentional response and activi ...
The projection of the lateral geniculate nucleus to area 17 of the rat
... The essentially smooth contours of these dendrites receiving degenerating geniculocortical afferents on their shafts becomes more apparent when their forms are reconstructed from serial thin sections, as shown in Figs. 3-7. At this point it will help to give an indication of how to interpret the fiv ...
... The essentially smooth contours of these dendrites receiving degenerating geniculocortical afferents on their shafts becomes more apparent when their forms are reconstructed from serial thin sections, as shown in Figs. 3-7. At this point it will help to give an indication of how to interpret the fiv ...
stimulus conditions area MT of the macaque monkey under matched
... 1991b; Ohzawa et al. 1985; Priebe et al. 2002). However, these have focused on changes in responsivity (or contrast sensitivity) to a single stimulus and have not probed whether tuning is altered in a similar way at successive stages of processing. Changes in tuning are critical because they indicat ...
... 1991b; Ohzawa et al. 1985; Priebe et al. 2002). However, these have focused on changes in responsivity (or contrast sensitivity) to a single stimulus and have not probed whether tuning is altered in a similar way at successive stages of processing. Changes in tuning are critical because they indicat ...
The multisensory roles for auditory cortex in primate vocal
... behavior is also somewhat of a mystery. That they must be involved in multiple auditory-related behaviors is a given. The fundamental question is thus: how do these multiple auditory areas mediate specific behaviors through their interactions with each other and with other sensory and motor systems? ...
... behavior is also somewhat of a mystery. That they must be involved in multiple auditory-related behaviors is a given. The fundamental question is thus: how do these multiple auditory areas mediate specific behaviors through their interactions with each other and with other sensory and motor systems? ...
Xenopus laevis Retinal Ganglion Cell Dendritic Arbors Develop
... spontaneously released both throughout the neuron and locally within small dendritic segments. Ca+2 release helps stabilize RGC dendritic structure and blockade of local Ca+2 release causes immediate dendritic retraction. This work suggests that Ca+2 release may be a way in which afferent activity r ...
... spontaneously released both throughout the neuron and locally within small dendritic segments. Ca+2 release helps stabilize RGC dendritic structure and blockade of local Ca+2 release causes immediate dendritic retraction. This work suggests that Ca+2 release may be a way in which afferent activity r ...
Neuronal basis of contrast discrimination
... For more than 30 years, psychophysical studies of visual pattern perception have paralleled research on the neurophysiological response properties of neurons in the visual cortex. The prevailing view has been that psychophysical judgements about pattern discrimination and pattern appearance are limi ...
... For more than 30 years, psychophysical studies of visual pattern perception have paralleled research on the neurophysiological response properties of neurons in the visual cortex. The prevailing view has been that psychophysical judgements about pattern discrimination and pattern appearance are limi ...
THALAMUS
... the thalamus, separating it into medial and lateral nuclear masses. The medial mass consists of the medial nuclear group; the lateral mass contains the lateral nuclear group and the ventral nuclear group. In the rostral part of the thalamus the internal medullary lamina splits to form a partial caps ...
... the thalamus, separating it into medial and lateral nuclear masses. The medial mass consists of the medial nuclear group; the lateral mass contains the lateral nuclear group and the ventral nuclear group. In the rostral part of the thalamus the internal medullary lamina splits to form a partial caps ...
Contextual modulation of primary visual cortex by auditory signals
... processing [1]. Although it is unclear if auditory feedback to primary visual cortex fits the profile of sensory integration seen in higher-association areas or the superior colliculus [11], anatomical and functional findings suggest that auditory signals in V1 do contribute to multisensory processi ...
... processing [1]. Although it is unclear if auditory feedback to primary visual cortex fits the profile of sensory integration seen in higher-association areas or the superior colliculus [11], anatomical and functional findings suggest that auditory signals in V1 do contribute to multisensory processi ...
nervous system physiology 4
... Drugs that stimulate the muscle fiber by ACETYLCHOLINE-LIKE ACTION. -methacholine, carbachol, and nicotine- these Ach agonists are not destroyed by cholinesterase or are destroyed so slowly that their action often persists for many minutes to several hours. -they cause localized areas of depolarizat ...
... Drugs that stimulate the muscle fiber by ACETYLCHOLINE-LIKE ACTION. -methacholine, carbachol, and nicotine- these Ach agonists are not destroyed by cholinesterase or are destroyed so slowly that their action often persists for many minutes to several hours. -they cause localized areas of depolarizat ...
body proportions in infancy and early childhood
... – Growth that occurs in response to learning experiences Kuther, Lifespan Development. © 2017, SAGE Publications. ...
... – Growth that occurs in response to learning experiences Kuther, Lifespan Development. © 2017, SAGE Publications. ...
Cell-intrinsic drivers of dendrite morphogenesis
... processing. They receive excitatory input from olfactory receptor neurons in glomeruli and transmit signals to the mushroom body and lateral horn. Cerebellar granule neurons. The most numerous neurons of the brain, these offer an ideal system for biochemical, morphological and physiological studies. ...
... processing. They receive excitatory input from olfactory receptor neurons in glomeruli and transmit signals to the mushroom body and lateral horn. Cerebellar granule neurons. The most numerous neurons of the brain, these offer an ideal system for biochemical, morphological and physiological studies. ...